Digmaang Apgano–Sobyetiko
Ang Digmaang Apgano–Sobyetiko ay isang sampung taong hidwaan na kinasasangkutan ng Unyong Sobyetiko, na sumusuporta sa pamahalaang Marxista ng Demokratikong Republika ng Apganistan dahil sa kanilang sariling kahilingan laban sa Islamistang Resistensiya ng Mujahideen. Isa itong digmaang sa pagitan ng mga puwersa ng Unyong Sobyet at ng Islamikong mga tribo ng Apganistan na laban sa pamahalaang Komunistang itinakda ng mga Sobyet. Nakatagpo ng ibang tumatangkilik ang mga mujahideen mula sa samu't saring mga bansa katulad ng Estados Unidos, Nagkakaisang Kaharian, Arabyang Saudi, Pakistan, Ehipto, at iba pang mga nasyong Muslim sa pamamagitan ng konteksto ng Digmaang Malamig. Ang mga puwersang Apgano na antikomunista (laban sa Komunista) ay pangunahing nakakuha ng suporta mula sa Estados Unidos at Pakistan.
Digmaang Apgano–Sobyetiko | |||||||
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Bahagi ng the Cold War and the Afghan conflict | |||||||
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Mga nakipagdigma | |||||||
Unyong Sobyetiko Padron:Country data Democratic Republic of Afghanistan |
Afghan Mujahideen Afghan Interim Government (from 1988) | ||||||
Mga kumander at pinuno | |||||||
Soviet Union:
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Sunni Mujahideen:
Shia Mujahideen:
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Mga sangkot na yunit | |||||||
Padron:Flagd Soviet Armed Forces Padron:Flagd KGB Padron:Flagd Paramilitaries:
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Sunni Mujahideen Factions:
Factions:
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Lakas | |||||||
Soviet Union:
Afghanistan:
| Mujahideen: | ||||||
Mga nasawi at pinsala | |||||||
Total: 86,470–98,017 Soviet Union:
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Total: 162,579–192,579+ Mujahideen:
Total killed: 80,775–95,775+ | ||||||
Civilian casualties (Afghan): 1,500,000–2,000,000 killed[24][25]
Combatant deaths:3+ million wounded[26] 5+ million externally displaced 2+ million internally displaced More than 562,995 killed[27]
Total deaths:Approximately 3 million killed |
Ang unang pagpapadala ng mga sundalong Sobyet (ika-40 Hukbong-Katihan) sa Apganistan ay nagsimula noong 24 Disyembre 1979 sa ilalim ng pinunong Sobyet na si Leonid Brezhnev. Ang panghuling pagtatanggal ng mga tropa ng sundalong Sobyet ay nagsimula noong 15 Mayo 1988, at nagwakas noong 15 Pebrero 1989 sa ilalim ng huling pinunong Sobyet na si Mikhail Gorbachev. Dahil sa napakatagal na kalikasan ng digmaan, ang hidwaan sa Apgranistan ay kadalasang tinutukoy bilang Biyetnam ng mga Sobyet ;[28] ang analohiya ay naghahambing sa gampanin ng Amerika sa Digmaan ng Biyetnam. Maraming mga tao ang napatay o nasugatan sa matagal na digmaang ito. Nasa bandang mga sundalong Sobyet ang namatay, at nasa bandang 35,000 ang sugatan. Nasa bandang 1 milyong mga Apgano ang napaslang.
Sanggunian baguhin
- ↑ "The top leader is believed to be Maulvi Mohammad Umar Amir, who was born in the village of Nodeh in Kandhar, and is now settled in Singesar. He was wounded four times in the battles against the Soviets and his right eye was permanently damaged. He took part in the "Jehad" under the late Hizb-e-Islami Khalis Commander Nek Mohammad". Indian Defence Review. 10: 33. 1995.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Goodson 2011, p. 190.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Goodson 2011, p. 61.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Goodson 2011, p. 189.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Goodson 2011, p. 62.
- ↑ Goodson 2011, p. 63.
- ↑ Krivosheev, p. 365
- ↑ Nyrop, Richard F.; Seekins, Donald M. (January 1986). Afghanistan: A Country Study (PDF). Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. pp. xviii–xxv. Inarkibo mula sa ang orihinal (PDF) noong 3 November 2001.
- ↑ Borshchevskaya, Anna (2022). "2: The Soviet Union in the Middle East and the Afghanistan Intervention". Putin's War in Syria. 50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK: I. B. Tauris. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-7556-3463-7.
By 1987, the number of Soviet troops reached 120,000.
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: CS1 maint: location (link) - ↑ Katz, Mark N. (9 March 2011). "Middle East Policy Council | Lessons of the Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan". Mepc.org. Nakuha noong 28 July 2011.
- ↑ Rischard, Maxime. "Al Qa'ida's American Connection". Global-Politics.co.uk. Inarkibo mula sa ang orihinal noong 21 November 2011. Nakuha noong 28 July 2011.
- ↑ "Soviet or the USA the strongest" (sa Noruwego). Translate.google.no. Inarkibo mula sa ang orihinal noong 17 March 2019. Nakuha noong 28 July 2011.
- ↑ "Afghanistan hits Soviet milestone – Army News". Armytimes.com. Inarkibo mula sa ang orihinal noong 25 May 2012. Nakuha noong 15 February 2012.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Maling banggit (Hindi tamang
<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangvfw.org
); $2 - ↑ "Reid, Ogden, (16 May 1882–4 Jan. 1947), Owner and Editor of the New York Herald Tribune", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u230900, nakuha noong 2024-03-02
- ↑ SIPRI Yearbook 1989 World Armaments and Disarmament. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 1989. p. 166.
- ↑ "Reid, Ogden, (16 May 1882–4 Jan. 1947), Owner and Editor of the New York Herald Tribune", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u230900, nakuha noong 2024-03-02
- ↑ SIPRI Yearbook 1989 World Armaments and Disarmament. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 1989. p. 166.
- ↑ "Reid, Ogden, (16 May 1882–4 Jan. 1947), Owner and Editor of the New York Herald Tribune", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u230900, nakuha noong 2024-03-02
- ↑ SIPRI Yearbook 1989 World Armaments and Disarmament. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 1989. p. 166.
- ↑ Giustozzi, Antonio (2000). War, politics and society in Afghanistan, 1978–1992. Hurst. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-85065-396-7.
A tentative estimate for total mujahideen losses in 1980–92 may be in the 150–180,000 range, with maybe half of them killed.
- ↑ Markovskiy, Victor (1997). "Жаркое небо Афганистана: Часть IX" [Hot Sky of Afghanistan: Part IX]. Авиация и время [Aviation and Time] (in Russian) p.28
- ↑ Weisman, Steven R. (2 May 1987). "AFGHANS DOWN A PAKISTANI F-16, SAYING FIGHTER JET CROSSED BORDER". The New York Times. Nakuha noong 2 October 2014.
- ↑ Klass 2018, p. 129.
- ↑ Goodson 2011, p. 5.
- ↑ Hilali, A. (2005). US–Pakistan relationship: Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Co. (p. 198)ISBN 0-7546-4220-8
- ↑ Maling banggit (Hindi tamang
<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalang562k
); $2 - ↑ "Archive copy". Inarkibo mula sa ang orihinal noong 2013-05-11. Nakuha noong 2010-06-21.
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