Henetikang pampopulasyon: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago

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Pagbabago noong 22:54, 8 Nobyembre 2012

Ang henetikang pampopulasyon ay ang sangay ng henetika na nagsasagawa ng pag-aaral sa sangkap o kumposisyong henetiko ng mga populasyon.[1] Pinagsasama-sama nito ang henetika (henetiks), ebolusyon, seleksiyong natural, paglalahing selektibo, estadistika, at matematika.[2] Gumagawa rito ng mga modelong pangkompyuter at pangmatematika, at nagsasagawa ng pananaliksik na panglarangan upang masubukan o matesting ang mga modelo.

"Ibinubuhos ng mga henetisistang pampopulasyon (henetikong pampopulasyon) ang kanilang panahon sa pagsasagawa ng dalawang mga bagay: paglalarawan ng kayariang panghenetika ng mga populasyon, o pagsasateoriya hinggil sa mga puwersang pang-ebolusyon na nakakaapekto sa mga populasyon."[3]

A brief history

Starting, perhaps, with G. Udny Yule's paper in 1902,[4] population theorists tackled key issues in genetics and evolution. G.H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg showed that if a population had random mating, no selection, migration or mutation, then the proportion of alleles would remain the same generation after generation. This was the Hardy–Weinberg law,[5] the first great result of this new field of research.

Population genetics made great progress from 1918 to 1937. During this period, Ronald Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane and Sewall Wright worked on the connection between evolution and genetics, using new mathematical techniques, such as statistical probability. E.B. Ford and Theodosius Dobzhansky did field research on the genetics of natural populations of lepidoptera and Drosophila, respectively. Broadly speaking, this work proved that the newly rediscovered Mendelian genetics could be reconciled with Darwinian evolution. This laid the groundwork for the modern evolutionary synthesis, which took place in the following years, from about 1937 to 1953.

In the second half of the 20th century, population geneticists tackled a range of complex evolutionary problems, such as the evolution of sex, sexual selection, kin selection (altruism), mimicry and molecular evolution. The key figures included John Maynard Smith, Motoo Kimura and William Hamilton. Techniques developed for population genetics help to decide what contribution heredity and environment make in developmental biology.[6]

Mga sanggunian

  1. King R.C. Stansfield W.D. & Mulligan P.K. 2006. A dictionary of genetics, ika-7 edisyon. Oxford. p349.
  2. Provine, William R. 2001 [1971]. The origins of theoretical population genetics. Chicago.
  3. Gillespie, John H. 2004. Population genetics: a concise guide, 2nd ed. Johns Hopkins, Baltimore.
  4. Yule, G. Udny 1902. Mendel's laws and their probable relations to intra-racial heredity. New Phytology. 1: 193–207, 222–238.
  5. Edwards A.W.F. 2008. G.H. Hardy (1908) and Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium, Genetics 179, 1143–1150. http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/full/179/3/1143
  6. see also nature vs nurture