Cetacea: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago

Content deleted Content added
Atn20112222 (usapan | ambag)
Bagong pahina: {{Automatic taxobox | name = Cetaceans<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Cetacea|id=14300001}}</ref> | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|55|0|earliest=|latest=|PS=}}Early Eocene – Presen...
 
Atn20112222 (usapan | ambag)
No edit summary
Linya 17:
 
Ang orden na '''Cetacea''' ay kinabibilangan ng mga [[mammal na pandagat]] na mga [[balyena]], mga [[dolphin]] at mga [[porpoise]]. Ang ''cetus'' ay salitang Latin at nangangahulugang "balyena". Ang orihinal na kahuluga nnito ay "malaking hayop ng dagat". Ito ay mula sa salitang Sinaunang Griyego na {{lang|grc|κῆτος}} (''{{lang|grc-Latn|[[kētos]]}}'') na may kahulugang "balyena" o "anumang dambuhalang isda o [[halimaw ng karagatan]]). Sa [[mitolohiyang Griyego]], ang halimbawa na tinalo ni [[Perseus]] ay si [[Ceto]]. Ang [[cetolohiya]] ang sangay ng agham pang tubig na nag-aaral ng mga cetacean. Ang ebidensiyang [[fossil]] ay nagmumungkahing ang mga cetacean ay nagsasalo ng isang [[karaniwang ninuno]] sa mga mammal na nakatira sa lupain na nagsimulang tumira sa mga karagatan noong mga 50 milyong taong nakakaraan. Sa ngayon, ang mga cetacean ang mga mammal na pinakamahusay na umangkop sa buhay pangdagat. Ang katawan ng isang cetacean ay fusiform (hugis spindle). Ang mga harapang hita ay binago tungo sa mga flipper. Ang mga munting mga likurang hita nito ay [[bestihiyal]]. Ito ay hindi nakakabit sa likurangbuto at nakatago sa loob ng kanilang katawan. Ang kanilang buntot ay may horisontal na mga fluke. Sila ay halos walang balahibo at insulado mula sa mas malamig na mga katubigang kanilang tinitirhan sa pamamagitan ng isang patong ng [[blubber]]. Ang ilang species nito ay kilala para sa kanilang mataas na katalinuhan. Sa isang pagpupulong noong 2012 sa [[Vancouver]], [[Canada]], ang pinakamalaking pagpupulong sa agham na [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] ay nagulit ng kanilang suporta para sa mga karapatan ng mga cetacean na nagtatala sa kanila bilang "mga personang hindi tao".<ref name="BBC News Online Feb 2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-17116882 |title=Dolphins deserve same rights as humans, say scientists |date=21 Feb 2012 |publisher=[[BBC News Online]] |accessdate=22 May 2012}}</ref>
===Klasipikasyon===
[[File:Cetaceans.svg|right|thumb|300px|Paghahambing ng sukat ng halos lahat ng umiiral na species ng Cetacea.]]
Ang klasipikasyong ito ay malapit na sumusunod sa ''Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and Distribution'' (1998) ni [[Dale W. Rice]] na naging pamantayang sangguniang taksonomiya sa larangan. Ito ay napakalapit na umaayon sa pagitan ng klasipikasyong ito at ng ''Mammal Species of the World: 3rd Edition'' (Wilson and Reeder eds., 2005).
* '''ORDER CETACEA'''
** '''Suborder [[Mysticeti]]''': Baleen whales
*** Family [[Balaenidae]]: [[Right whale]]s and [[bowhead whale]]
**** Genus ''[[Balaena]]''
***** [[Bowhead whale]], ''Balaena mysticetus''
**** Genus ''[[Eubalaena]]''&nbsp;– Rice considered the three right whales as subspecies of ''Balaena glacialis''
***** [[North Atlantic right whale]], ''Eubalaena glacialis''
***** [[North Pacific right whale]], ''Eubalaena japonica''
***** [[Southern right whale]], ''Eubalaena australis''
*** Family [[Balaenopteridae]]: Rorquals
**** Subfamily [[Balaenopterinae]]
***** Genus ''[[Balaenoptera]]''
****** [[Common minke whale]], ''Balaenoptera acutorostrata''
****** [[Antarctic minke whale]], ''Balaenoptera bonaerensis''
****** [[Sei whale]], ''Balaenoptera borealis''
****** [[Bryde's whale]], ''Balaenoptera brydei''
****** [[Eden's whale]] ''Balaenoptera edeni''&nbsp;– Rice lists this as a separate species, MSW3 does not
****** [[Omura's whale]]&nbsp;– MSW3 lists this is a synonym of Bryde's whale but suggests this may be temporary.
****** [[Blue whale]], ''Balaenoptera musculus''
****** [[Fin whale]], ''Balaenoptera physalus''
**** Subfamily [[Megapterinae]]
***** Genus ''[[Megaptera]]''
****** [[Humpback whale]], ''Megaptera novaeangliae''
*** Family [[Eschrichtiidae]]
**** Genus ''[[Eschrichtius]]''
***** [[Gray whale]], ''Eschrichtius robustus''
*** Family [[Cetotheriidae]]
**** Genus ''[[Caperea]]''
***** [[Pygmy right whale]], ''Caperea marginata''
** '''Suborder [[Odontoceti]]''': toothed whales
*** Family [[Delphinidae]]: [[Dolphin]]
**** Genus ''[[Cephalorhynchus]]''
***** [[Commerson's dolphin]], ''Cephalorhyncus commersonii''
***** [[Chilean dolphin]], ''Cephalorhyncus eutropia''
***** [[Heaviside's dolphin]], ''Cephalorhyncus heavisidii''
***** [[Hector's dolphin]], ''Cephalorhyncus hectori''
**** Genus ''[[Delphinus (genus)|Delphinus]]''
***** [[Long-beaked common dolphin]], ''Delphinus capensis''
***** [[Short-beaked common dolphin]], ''Delphinus delphis''
***** [[Arabian common dolphin]], ''Delphinus tropicalis''. Rice recognises this as a separate species. MSW3 does not.
**** Genus ''[[Feresa]]''
***** [[Pygmy killer whale]], ''Feresa attenuata''
**** Genus ''[[Globicephala]]''
***** [[Short-finned pilot whale]], ''Globicephala macrorhyncus''
***** [[Long-finned pilot whale]], ''Globicephala melas''
**** Genus ''[[Grampus (genus)|Grampus]]''
***** [[Risso's dolphin]], ''Grampus griseus''
**** Genus ''[[Lagenodelphis]]''
***** [[Fraser's dolphin]], ''Lagenodelphis hosei''
**** Genus ''[[Lagenorhynchus]]''
***** [[Atlantic white-sided dolphin]], ''Lagenorhynchus acutus''
***** [[White-beaked dolphin]], ''Lagenorhynchus albirostris''
***** [[Peale's dolphin]], ''Lagenorhynchus australis''
***** [[Hourglass dolphin]], ''Lagenorhynchus cruciger''
***** [[Pacific white-sided dolphin]], ''Lagenorhynchus obliquidens''
***** [[Dusky dolphin]], ''Lagenorhynchus obscurus''
**** Genus ''[[Lissodelphis]]''
***** [[Northern right whale dolphin]], ''Lissodelphis borealis''
***** [[Southern right whale dolphin]], ''Lissodelphis peronii''
**** Genus ''[[Orcaella]]''
***** [[Irrawaddy dolphin]], ''Orcaella brevirostris''
****** [[Australian snubfin dolphin]], ''Orcaella heinsohni'' A 2005 discovery, thus it is not recognized by Rice or MSW3 and subject to revision.
**** Genus ''[[Orcinus]]''
***** [[Killer whale]], ''Orcinus orca''
**** Genus ''[[Peponocephala]]''
***** [[Melon-headed whale]], ''Peponocephala electra''
**** Genus ''[[Pseudorca]]''
***** [[False killer whale]], ''Pseudorca crassidens''
**** Genus ''[[Sotalia]]''
***** [[Tucuxi]], ''Sotalia fluviatilis'', see the species article for a discussion
***** [[Costero]], ''Sotalia guianensis'', see the species article for a discussion
**** Genus ''[[Sousa (genus)|Sousa]]''
***** [[Pacific humpback dolphin]], ''Sousa chinensis''
***** [[Indian humpback dolphin]], ''Sousa plumbea''
***** [[Atlantic humpback dolphin]], ''Sousa teuszii''
**** Genus ''[[Stenella]]''
***** [[Pantropical spotted dolphin]], ''Stenella attenuata''
***** [[Clymene dolphin]], ''Stenella clymene''
***** [[Striped dolphin]], ''Stenella coeruleoalba''
***** [[Atlantic spotted dolphin]], ''Stenella frontalis''
***** [[Spinner dolphin]], ''Stenella longirostris''
**** Genus ''[[Steno (genus)|Steno]]''
***** [[Rough-toothed dolphin]], ''Steno bredanensis''
**** Genus ''[[Tursiops]]''&nbsp;– Rice and MSW3 tentatively agree on this classification, but see species article for more detail.
***** [[Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphin]], ''Tursiops aduncus''
***** [[Burrunan dolphin]], ''Tursiops australis''
***** [[Common bottlenose dolphin]], ''Tursiops truncatus''
*** Family [[Monodontidae]]
**** Genus ''[[Delphinapterus]]''
***** [[Beluga (whale)|Beluga]], ''Delphinapterus leucas''
**** Genus ''[[Monodon]]''
***** [[Narwhal]], ''Monodon monoceros''
*** Family [[Phocoenidae]]: [[Porpoise]]s
**** Genus ''[[Neophocaena]]''
***** [[Finless porpoise]], ''Neophocaena phocaenoides''
**** Genus ''[[Phocoena]]''
***** [[Spectacled porpoise]], ''Phocoena dioptrica''
***** [[Harbour porpoise]], ''Phocoena phocaena''
***** [[Vaquita]], ''Phocoena sinus''
***** [[Burmeister's porpoise]], ''Phocoena spinipinnis''
**** Genus ''[[Phocoenoides]]''
***** [[Dall's porpoise]], ''Phocoenoides dalli''
*** Family [[Physeteridae]]: [[Sperm whale family]]
**** Genus ''[[Physeter]]''
***** [[Sperm whale]], ''Physeter catodon'' (syn. ''P. macrocephalus'')
*** Family [[Kogiidae]]&nbsp;– MSW3 treats ''Kogia'' as a member of [[Physeteridae]]
**** Genus ''[[Kogia]]''
***** [[Pygmy sperm whale]], ''Kogia breviceps''
***** [[Dwarf sperm whale]], ''Kogia sima''
*** '''Superfamily [[Platanistoidea]]''': River dolphins
**** Family [[Iniidae]]
***** Genus ''[[Inia]]''
****** [[Amazon river dolphin]], ''Inia geoffrensis''
****** [[Bolivian river dolphin]], ''Inia boliviensis''
**** † Family [[Lipotidae]]&nbsp;– MSW3 treats ''Lipotes'' as a member of ''Iniidae''
***** † Genus ''[[Lipotes]]''
****** † [[Chinese river dolphin|Baiji]], ''Lipotes vexillifer''
**** Family [[Pontoporiidae]]&nbsp;– MSW3 treats ''Pontoporia'' as a member of ''Iniidae''
***** Genus ''[[La Plata dolphin|Pontoporia]]''
****** [[La Plata dolphin]], ''Pontoporia blainvillei''
**** Family [[Platanistidae]]
***** Genus ''[[Platanista]]''
****** [[Ganges and Indus River dolphin]], ''Platanista gangetica''. MSW3 treats ''Platanista minor'' as a separate species, with common names [[Ganges River dolphin]] and [[Indus River dolphin]], respectively.
** '''Superfamily [[Ziphioidea]]''': Beaked whales
*** Family [[Ziphidae]],
**** Genus ''[[Berardius]]''
***** [[Arnoux's beaked whale]], ''Berardius arnuxii''
***** [[Baird's beaked whale]] (North Pacific bottlenose whale), ''Berardius bairdii''
**** Subfamily [[Hyperoodontidae]]
***** Genus ''[[Hyperoodon]]''
****** [[Northern bottlenose whale]], ''Hyperoodon ampullatus''
****** [[Southern bottlenose whale (ziphiid)|Southern bottlenose whale]], ''Hyperoodon planifrons''
***** Genus ''[[Indopacetus]]''
****** [[Indo-Pacific beaked whale]] (Longman's beaked whale), ''Indopacetus pacificus''
***** Genus ''[[Mesoplodon]]'', [[Mesoplodont whale]]
****** [[Sowerby's beaked whale]], ''Mesoplodon bidens''
****** [[Andrews' beaked whale]], ''Mesoplodon bowdoini''
****** [[Hubbs' beaked whale]], ''Mesoplodon carlhubbsi''
****** [[Blainville's beaked whale]], ''Mesoplodon densirostris''
****** [[Gervais' beaked whale]], ''Mesoplodon europaeus''
****** [[Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale]], ''Mesoplodon ginkgodens''
****** [[Gray's beaked whale]], ''Mesoplodon grayi''
****** [[Hector's beaked whale]], ''Mesoplodon hectori''
****** [[Strap-toothed whale]], ''Mesoplodon layardii''
****** [[True's beaked whale]], ''Mesoplodon mirus''
****** [[Perrin's beaked whale]], ''Mesoplodon perrini''. This species was recognised in 2002 and as such is listed by MSW3 but not Rice.
****** [[Pygmy beaked whale]], ''Mesoplodon peruvianus''
****** [[Stejneger's beaked whale]], ''Mesoplodon stejnegeri''
****** [[Spade-toothed whale]], ''Mesoplodon traversii''
**** Genus ''[[Tasmacetus]]''
***** [[Shepherd's beaked whale]], ''Tasmacetus shepherdi''
**** Genus ''[[Ziphius]]''
***** [[Cuvier's beaked whale]], ''Ziphius cavirostris''
†Kamakailang naging [[extinct]]
 
==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}