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Primates: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago

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| range_map_caption = Nasasakupan ng mga primadong hindi tao (lunti)
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Ang '''''Order''''' o '''Orden na ''Primates''''' (pagbasa: pray-mey-tiz) ay isang pangkat ng mga [[mamalya]]ng naglalaman ng lahat ng mga '''primates''' (pagbasa sa Inggles: pray-meyts) o mga primate (pagbasa sa Filipino: pri-ma-te) na kinabibilingan ng mga [[lemur]], mga [[loris]], mga [[tarsier]], mga sari-saring [[unggoy]], at mga [[bakulaw]] (Inggles: apes) na kabilang angng mga [[tao]]. Tinatawag ang mga kasapi nito na '''primate'''.<ref group=*>bigkas: /pri-ma-te/; mula sa Espanyol na '''[http://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/primate#Sustantivo_masculino primate]'''</ref> Mayroong mga umaabot sa 400 mga [[uri]] ng mga primate. Kahawig ng tao ang lahat ng mga primate sa ilang kaparaanan o katangian. Mayroon silang mga kamay na may limang mga daliri, mga kuko (karamihan sa ibang mga hayop ang may mga [[pangkahig]]). Nahahati ang mga primate sa dalawang mga grupo: ang [[Strepsirrhini]] at ang [[Haplorrhini]]. Kabilang sa Haplorrhini ang mga [[unggoy]], mga [[tarsier]] at mga bakulaw, kabilang ang mga tao. Kabilang sa Strepsirrhini ang mga [[lemur]], mga [[loris]], mga [[galago]] (kilala rin bilang mga "[[sanggol ng palumpong]]") at ang [[aye-aye]].
 
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== BehaviorAsal ==
 
=== Panlipunang Sistema ===
PrimatesAng aremga amongprimate theay mostilan socialsa ofmga animalspinakamapalakaibigang mga organismo, formingna pairsbumubuo orng familymga groupstambalan ng pangkat pampamilya, uniisahang-malelalaking haremsmga harem, andat multimaramihang-malelalaki/multi-femalemaramihang babaeng mga pangkat groups.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kappeler|first=Peter|coauthors=C. van Schaik|title=Primate social systems|year=2003}}</ref> [[Richard Wrangham]] stateday thatbumanggit na ang [[Social structure|socialpanlipunang systemssistema]] ofng non'di-humantaong primatesmga areprimate bestay classifiedpinakamabuting bypinag-uri thebatay amountsa of movementbilang byng femalesgalwa occurringng betweenmga groupsbabaeng nagaganap sa pagian ng mga pangkat.<ref>{{cite book |author=Wrangham, R. W. |authorlink=Richard Wrangham |chapter=Mutualism, kinship and social evolution |year=1982 |title=Current Problems in Sociobiology |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=269–289 |isbn=0-521-24203-7}}</ref> HeSiya ay nagmungkahi ng proposedapat fourna categorieskategorya:▼
 
=== Social systems ===
▲Primates are among the most social of animals, forming pairs or family groups, uni-male harems, and multi-male/multi-female groups.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kappeler|first=Peter|coauthors=C. van Schaik|title=Primate social systems|year=2003}}</ref> [[Richard Wrangham]] stated that [[Social structure|social systems]] of non-human primates are best classified by the amount of movement by females occurring between groups.<ref>{{cite book |author=Wrangham, R. W. |authorlink=Richard Wrangham |chapter=Mutualism, kinship and social evolution |year=1982 |title=Current Problems in Sociobiology |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=269–289 |isbn=0-521-24203-7}}</ref> He proposed four categories:
* Female transfer systems&nbsp;– females move away from the group in which they were born. Females of a group will not be closely related whereas males will have remained with their natal groups, and this close association may be influential in social behavior. The groups formed are generally quite small. This organization can be seen in chimpanzees, where the males, who are typically related, will cooperate in defense of the group's territory. Among New World Monkeys, [[spider monkey]]s and [[muriqui]]s use this system.<ref>{{cite book|title=Primates in Perspective|author=Fiore, A. D. & Campbell, C. J.|chapter=The Atelines|year=2007|pages=175|publisher=Oxford University Press|editor=Campbell, C. J., Fuentes, A., MacKinnon, K. C., Panger, M. & Bearder, S. K.|isbn=978-0-19-517133-4}}</ref>
[[Image:Jigokudani hotspring in Nagano Japan 001.jpg|thumb|right|[[Japanese macaque]]s bathing together in [[Jigokudani Hot Springs]]]]
 
* Male transfer systems&nbsp;– while the females remain in their natal groups, the males will emigrate as adolescents. [[Polygyny|Polygynous]] and multi-male societies are classed in this category. Group sizes are usually larger. This system is common among the [[ring-tailed lemur]], [[capuchin monkey]]s and [[Cercopithecinae|cercopithecine monkeys]].<ref name="Strier2007" />
 
* Monogamous species&nbsp;– a male–female bond, sometimes accompanied by a juvenile offspring. There is shared responsibility of parental care and territorial defense. The offspring leaves the parents' territory during adolescence. [[Gibbon]]s essentially use this system, although "monogamy" in this context does not necessarily mean absolute sexual fidelity.<ref>{{cite book|title=Primates in Perspective|author=Bartlett, T. Q.|chapter=The Hylobatidae|year=2007|editor=Campbell, C. J., Fuentes, A., MacKinnon, K. C., Panger, M. & Bearder, S. K.|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517133-4|pages=283}}</ref>
 
* Solitary species&nbsp;– often males who defend territories that include the home ranges of several females. This type of organization is found in the prosimians such as the [[slow loris]]. [[Orangutan]]s do not defend their territory but effectively have this organization.<ref>{{cite book|title=Primates in Perspective|author=Knott, C. D. & Kahlenberg, S. M.|chapter=Orangutans in Perspective|year=2007|editor=Campbell, C. J., Fuentes, A., MacKinnon, K. C., Panger, M. & Bearder, S. K.|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517133-4|pages=294}}</ref>
 
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