Scotland: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago
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Linya 1:
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Eskosya
| native_name = ''{{lang|gd|Alba}}''
| common_name = Scotland
| image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg
| flag_width = 127px
| image_coat = Royal Standard of Scotland.svg{{!}}border
| symbol_width = 125px
| symbol_type = [[RMaharlikang Watawat ng Eskosya|Maharlikang Watawat]]
| national_motto = <br />{{native phrase|sco|"[[In My Defens God Me Defend]]"|italics=off|parensize=90%|nbsp=omit}}{{ref label|footnote_a|a}}<br /> {{smaller|"Diyos ang aking tanggulan"}}
| national_anthem = [[Pambansang Awit ng Eskosya|Sarisari]]{{ref label|footnote_b|b}}<br /> Malimit na ''{{lang|en|[[Bulaklak ng Eskosya|Flower of Scotland]]}}''
| image_map = Scotland in the UK and Europe.svg
| map_width = 250px
| map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=madilim na lunti|country={{nobold|Eskosya}} |subregion= [[Nagkakaisang Kaharian]] |subregion_color=lunti |region=Europa|region_color=madilim na abo}}
| status = [[Bansa ng Nagkakaisang Kaharian|Bansa]]
| capital = [[Edimburgo]]<br />{{smaller|{{coord|55|57|11|N|3|11|20|W|display=inline}}}}
| largest_city = [[Glasgow]]
| languages_type = [[Mga Wika ng Eskosya|Mga Wika]]
| languages = Inggles
| languages2_type = Mga kinikilalang wika{{ref label|footnote_c|c}}
| languages2 =
{{unbulleted list |style=white-space:nowrap;
| [[Gelikong Eskoses]]
| [[Wikang Eskoses|Eskoses]]
| [[Britanikong Wikang Pakumpas]]
}}
| languages2_sub = yes
| ethnic_groups =
{{unbulleted list |style=white-space:nowrap;
| 96.0% Puti
| 2.7% Asyano
| 0.7% Itim
| 0.4% Nalahian
| 0.2% Arabo
| 0.1% iba pa<ref name="ethnicity"/>
}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2011
| demonym = {{hlist |[[Lahing Eskoses|Eskoses]]{{ref label|footnote_d|d}}}}
| legal_jurisdiction = [[Batas Eskoses|Eskosya]]
| government_type = [[Pagkakaatang ng Eskosya|Nakaatang]] na [[Pambatasan|Pambatasang]] nakapaloob sa [[kahariang may saligang-batas]]{{ref label|footnote_e|e}}
| monarch = [[Isabel II]]
| prime_minister = [[Theresa May]]
| first_minister = [[Nicola Sturgeon]]
| deputy_first_minister = [[John Swinney]]
| secretary_of_state = [[David Mundell]]
| number_of_mps = 59
| legislature = [[Batasang Eskoses]]
| sovereignty_type = Pagkakabuo
| established_event1 = [[Kasaysayan ng Kaharian ng Alba|Itinatag]]
| established_date1 = ika-9 na dantaon {{smaller|([{Pambansang alamat|karaniwang]] 843)}}
| established_event2 = [[Batas ng Samahan ng 1707|Pagkakaisa sa Ingglatera]]
| established_date2 = Mayo 1, 1707
| established_event3 = [[Batas Eskoses ng 1998|Pagkakaatang]]
| established_date3 = Nobyembre 19, 1998
| area_rank =
| area_magnitude = 1 E10
| area_km2 = 77933
| area_footnote = <ref name=ONSCOUNTRYPROFILES>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-325257 Region and Country Profiles, Key Statistics and Profiles, October 2013], ONS. Retrieved 9 August 2015.</ref>
| area_label = Lupa
| percent_water =
| population_rank =
| population_estimate ={{increase}} 5,424,800<ref name="ONS-pop-ests-June2018"/>
| population_estimate_year = 2017
| population_census = 5,313,600<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web|url=http://www.gro-gov.scot/statistics/theme/population/estimates/mid-year/2012/index.html|title= Population estimates by sex, age and administrative area, Scotland, 2011 and 2012 |date=8 August 2013 |publisher=National Records of Scotland |accessdate=8 August 2013}}</ref>
| population_census_year = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 67.5
| population_density_sq_mi = 174.1
| population_density_rank =
| GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $245.267 gatos<ref name="GDP">{{cite web |title=Key Economy Statistics |author=Scottish Government |url=http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy |accessdate=22 August 2014}}</ref>
| GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_year = 2013
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $45,904<ref name="GDP"/><br /> {{smaller|Tala: Kasama sa mga bilang na ito ang mga kinita mula sa langis at gas ng Dagat Hilaga.}}
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| GVA = £127 billion<ref name=GVA>{{cite web |title=Regional gross value added (income approach), UK: 1997 to 2015, December 2015 |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossvalueaddedgva/bulletins/regionalgrossvalueaddedincomeapproach/december2016|author=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=24 April 2017}}</ref>
| GVA_rank =
| GVA_year = 2015
| GVA_per_capita = £23,685<ref name=GVA/><br /> {{smaller|Note: Figures do not include revenues from adjacent North Sea oil and gas.}}
| Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank =
| patron_saint =
{{unbulleted list |style=white-space:nowrap;
| [[San Andres]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html |title=''St Andrew—Quick Facts'' |work=Scotland. org—The Official Online Gateway |accessdate=2 December 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111134544/http://scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html |archivedate=11 November 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=St Andrew |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=109 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref>
| [[Sta. Margaret ng Eskosya|Sta. Margaret]]<ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=St Margaret of Scotland |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=304 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=Patron saints |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php?letter=S |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref>
| [[Sta. Columba]]<ref>{{cite web |work=Catholic Online |title=St Columba |url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=419 |accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref>
}}
| official_website = {{URL|http://www.scotland.org/}}
| footnote_a = {{note|footnote_a}} Karaniwang dinadaglat na "In Defens".
| footnote_b = {{note|footnote_b}} Tingnan ang [[Pambansang awit ng Eskosya]].
| footnote_c = {{note|footnote_c}} Ang Eskoses at Gelikong Eskoses ay kinikilalang [[wikang pampook]] ng [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]].{{larger|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.scot/Topics/ArtsCultureSport/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter |title=European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages |work=[[Scottish Government]] |accessdate=23 October 2011}}{{dead link|date=December 2016}}</ref>}} Ayon sa [[Batas sa Wikang Geliko (Eskosya) ng 2005]], ang [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]] ang naatasang gawing [[pambansang wika]] ng Eskosya ang [[Geliko]].{{larger|<ref>Macleod, Angus [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article384045.ece "Gaelic given official status"] (22 April 2005) ''[[The Times]]''. London. Retrieved 2 August 2007.</ref>}} Ang Britanikong Wikang Pakumpas ay kinikilala sa ilalim ng Batas sa Britanikong Wikang Pakumpas (Eskosya) ng 2015.{{larger|<ref name="British Sign Language">{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13876863.Scotland_becomes_first_part_of_UK_to_recognise_signing_for_deaf_as_official_language/|title=Scotland becomes first part of UK to recognise signing for deaf as official language |publisher=Herald Scotland |year=2015|accessdate=17 January 2016}}</ref>}}
| footnote_d = {{note|footnote_d}} Historically, the use of "[[Scotch (adjective)|Scotch]]" as an adjective comparable to "Scottish" or "Scots" was commonplace. Modern use of the term describes ''products'' of Scotland (usually food or drink-related).
| footnote_e = {{note|footnote_e}} Ang pinuno ng Nagkakaisang Kaharian ay ang kaharian (kasalukuyang si Haribining Isabel II simula noong 1952). Ang Eskosya ay may piling kasarinlan at may kinatawan sa Batasan ng NK.
}}
Ang '''Eskosya''' o mas kilala sa Ingles na '''''Scotland''''' ({{lang-gd|[[Alba]]}}) ay isang [[bansa]] ng [[Reyno Unido]] na sumasakop sa hilagang katlo ng pulo ng [[Gran Britanya|Kalakhang Britanya]].<ref name="Stats 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/the-countries-of-the-uk/index.html|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |accessdate=24 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Country">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |accessdate=24 August 2008 |work=10 Downing Street |quote=The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416083521/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823|archivedate=16 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/newsletter_i-9.pdf |format=PDF |title=ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Date: 28 November 2007 No I-9. "Changes in the list of subdivision names and code elements" (Page 11) |accessdate=31 May 2008 |work=[[International Organization for Standardization]] codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 2: Country subdivision codes |quote=SCT Scotland ''country''}}</ref> Matatagpuan ang [[Inglatera]] sa [[Hangganang Inglatera-Eskosya|hangganang timog]] nito at napapalibutan na ito ng [[Karagatang Atlantiko]] kung saan ang [[Dagat Hilaga]] ay nasa silangan at ang [[Bangbang Hilaga]] at [[Dagat Irlandes]] ay nasa timog kanlurang bahagi. May 790 mga pulo ang Eskosya na kinabibilangan ng [[Kapuluang Kahilagaan]] at ng [[Hebrides]].
Ang pununglunsod nito ay ang [[Edinburgh|Edimburgo]]. Ito ang pangalawang pinakamalaking lungsod at pusod ng [[Scottish Enlightenment]] noong ika-18 dantaon, na nagbigay-raan upang magíng isá sa mga sentrong komersiyal, intelektuwal, at industriyal ang Eskosya sa [[Europa]]. [[Glasgow]] ang pinakamalaking lungsod ng Eskosya<ref>{{cite web|title=A quick guide to glasgow|url=http://glasgowcitycentre.co.uk/places-to-go/shops/a-quick-guide-to-glasgow/|publisher=Glasgow City Centre|accessdate=20 June 2012}}</ref> at isa sa dating nangungunang industriyal na lungsod sa buong mundo at ngayon nasa sentro ng [[Kalakhang Glasgow]].
Malaking bahagi ng Hilagang Atlantiko at North Sea ang nasasakupan ng karagatan ng Eskosya,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundaries Order |year=1999 |publisher=The Stationery Office Limited |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1999/19991126.htm |location=London |isbn=0-11-059052-X| accessdate=20 September 2007 }}</ref> kung saan matatagpuan ang pinakamalaking reserba sa langis sa [[European Union|Samahang Europeo]]. Bunsod nito, tinagurian ang [[Aberdeen]]—ang ikatlong pinakamalaking lungsod ng Eskosya—na kabisera ng langis ng Europa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/equalitydiversity/eqd_ourcity.asp|publisher= Aberdeen City Council|title=Our City|quote=Aberdeen's buoyant modern economy – is fuelled by the oil industry, earning the city its epithet as 'Oil Capital of Europe'|accessdate=1 December 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922092924/http://www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/EqualityDiversity/eqd_OurCity.asp|archivedate=22 September 2010}}</ref>
Ang [[Kaharian ng Scotland|Kaharian ng Eskosya]] ay naging isang malayang estado noong Simula ng [[Gitnang Panahon]] at nagpatuloy hanggang 1707. Ito'y pumasok sa isang [[unyong personal]] kasama ang mga kaharian ng [[Kaharian ng Inglaterra|Inglaterra]] at [[Kaharian ng Ireland|Irlanda]], kasunod ng pagmana ni [[James VI]] ng trono ng Inglaterra at Irlanda noong 1603, kalaunan pumasok sa [[unyong politikal]] ang Eskosya sa Ingletarra noong 1 Mayo 1707 upang lumikha ng isang [[Kaharian ng Gran Britanya|Kaharian ng Kalakhang Britanya]].<ref>Keay, J. & Keay, J. (1994) ''Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland''. London. HarperCollins. Pages 734 and 930.</ref><ref name="Mackie">Mackie, J.D. (1969) ''A History of Scotland''. London. Penguin.</ref> Ang unyong ito ay bunsod ng [[Treaty of Union]] na pinagkasunduan noong 1706 at pinagtibay ng kambal na Acts of Union na ipinasa ng mga Parlamento ng dalawang bansa, sa kabila ng malawakang oposisyon dito at kaguluhan na kontra-unyon sa Edimburgo, Glasgow at kung saan-saan pa.<ref name="1707 protests">{{cite book|last=Devine|first=T. M.|year=1999|title=The Scottish Nation 1700–2000|publisher=Penguin Books|page=9|isbn=0-14-023004-1|quote=From that point on anti-union demonstrations were common in the capital. In November rioting spread to the south west, that stronghold of strict Calvinism and covenanting tradition. The Glasgow mob rose against union sympathisers in disturbances that lasted intermittently for over a month}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Act of Union 1707 Mob unrest and disorder|year=2007 |publisher=The House of Lords|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/06_03_mob.html |location=London |accessdate=23 December 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080101193416/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/06_03_mob.html |archivedate = 1 January 2008}}</ref> Ang Kalakhang Britanya naman ay pumasok sa unyong politikal kasama ang Irlanda noong 1 Enero 1801 upang likhain ang [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irlanda]].
Nananatiling hiwalay sa Inglaterra at [[Wales|Gales]] at [[Northern Ireland|Kahilagaang Irlanda]] ang sistemang legal ng Eskosya, at ang Eskosya din ay may natatanging hurisdiksiyon sa pampubliko at pampribadong batas.<ref>Collier, J. G. (2001) [http://assets.cambridge.org/052178/2600/sample/0521782600ws.pdf ''Conflict of Laws (Third edition)''](pdf) [[Cambridge University Press]]. "For the purposes of the English [[conflict of laws]], every country in the world which is not part of [[England and Wales]] is a foreign country and its foreign laws. This means that not only totally foreign independent countries such as France or Russia ... are foreign countries but also [[British Colonies]] such as the [[Falkland Islands]]. Moreover, the other parts of the United Kingdom{{spaced ndash}}Scotland and Northern Ireland{{spaced ndash}}are foreign countries for present purposes, as are the other [[British Islands]], the [[Isle of Man]], [[Jersey]] and [[Guernsey]]."</ref> Ang patuloy na pagpapanatili ng mga institusyong legal, edukasyonal, at relihiyoso, na hiwalay sa ibang bahagi ng NK, ay nakatulong sa pagpapatuloy ng kultura at pambansang pagkakakilanlan ng mga Scottish, mula noong pagsasanib ng 1707.<ref name="administrative control">Devine, T. M. (1999), ''The Scottish Nation 1700–2000'', P.288–289, ISBN 0-14-023004-1 ''"created a new and powerful ''local state'' run by the Scottish bourgeoisie and reflecting their political and religious values. It was this local state, rather than a distant and usually indifferent Westminster authority, that in effect routinely governed Scotland"''</ref> Noong 1999, matapos ang referendum noong 1997, ibinalik at nagpulong-muli ang [[Parlamento ng Scotland|Parlamento ng Eskosya]], na may malawak na kapangyarihan sa pagpapasiya ng mga domestikong paksa at usapin. Noong Mayo 2011, nanalo ng pangkalahatang mayorya ang [[Scottish National Party]] sa Parlamento ng Eskosya. Dulot nito, isang referendum tungkol sa kasarinlan ng Eskosya ang gaganapin sa 18 Setyembre 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1067962/scotland-names-the-day-for-independence-vote |title=Scotland: Independence Referendum Date Set |publisher=BSkyB |date=21 March 2013 |accessdate=4 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Gardham|first=Magnus|title=Holyrood election 2011: Alex Salmond: Referendum on Scottish independence by 2015|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/politics-news/2011/05/02/alex-salmond-referendum-on-scottish-independence-by-2015-86908-23102061/|accessdate=14 October 2011|newspaper=Daily Record|location=Scotland|date=2 May 2011}}</ref>
Ang Eskosya ay kasaping bansa ng [[British–Irish Council]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishirishcouncil.org/member-administrations/scotland-alba |title=Scotland / Alba |publisher=British-Irish Council |accessdate=4 May 2013}}</ref> at ng [[British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly]]. Kinakatawan ang Eskosya ng anim na MEP sa Samahang Europeo at sa [[European Parliament]].<ref name="ScotMEPs">{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.org.uk/en/office_edinburgh/scottish_meps.html |title=Scottish MEPs |publisher=Europarl.org.uk |accessdate=26 May 2014}}{{dead link|date=August 2014}}</ref>
== Talasanggunian ==
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[[Kategorya:United Kingdom]]
[[Kategorya:Scotland]]
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