Marijuana: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago

|product =Cannabis

|image = [[File:Cannabis Plant.jpg|180px]]

==Epekto==

 

 

Kabilang din sa mga epekto ang pagbilis nang tibok ng puso, mataas na gana sa pagkain, at pagbaba nang presyon ng dugo.

[[Major depressive disorder|depression]],<ref name="depression">{{Cite journal|author=Bambico FR, Katz N, Debonnel G, Gobbi G |title=Cannabinoids elicit antidepressant-like behavior and activate serotonergic neurons through the medial prefrontal cortex |journal=The Journal of Neuroscience |volume=27 |issue=43 |pages=11700–11 |year=2007 |pmid=17959812 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1636-07.2007 |laysummary=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,304996,00.html |laysource=[[Fox News Channel]] |laydate=25 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Denson TF, Earleywine M |title=Decreased depression in marijuana users |journal=Addictive Behaviors |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=738–42 |year=2006 |pmid=15964704 |doi=10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.05.052 |url=http://www.doctordeluca.com/Library/WOD/WPS3-MedMj/DecreasedDepressionInMjUsers05.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Zhang_etal">{{Cite journal|author=Jiang W |title=Cannabinoids promote embryonic and adult hippocampus neurogenesis and produce anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=115 |issue=11 |pages=3104–16 |year=2005 |pmid=16224541 |pmc=1253627 |doi=10.1172/JCI25509 |author2=Zhang Y |author3=Xiao L |last4=Van Cleemput |first4=J |last5=Ji |first5=SP |last6=Bai |first6=G |last7=Zhang |first7=X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=El-Remessy AB, Al-Shabrawey M, Khalifa Y, Tsai NT, Caldwell RB, Liou GI |title=Neuroprotective and Blood-Retinal Barrier-Preserving Effects of Cannabidiol in Experimental Diabetes |journal=The American Journal of Pathology |volume=168 |issue=1 |pages=235–44 |year=2006 |pmid=16400026 |pmc=1592672 |doi=10.2353/ajpath.2006.050500}}</ref> [[dystonia]],<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fox SH, Kellett M, Moore AP, Crossman AR, Brotchie JM |title=Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the potential of cannabinoid receptor stimulation in the treatment of dystonia |journal=Movement Disorders |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=145–9 |year=2002 |pmid=11835452 |doi=10.1002/mds.1280}}</ref> [[epilepsy]],<ref name="ep">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/8440303/Cannabis-could-be-used-to-treat-epilepsy.html |title=Cannabis could be used to treat epilepsy |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=10 April 2011 |accessdate=2011-04-20 |first=Richard |last=Gray}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Marsicano G |title=CB1 cannabinoid receptors and on-demand defense against excitotoxicity |journal=Science |volume=302 |issue=5642 |pages=84–8 |year=2003 |pmid=14526074 |doi=10.1126/science.1088208 |last12=Casanova |first12=E |last13=Schütz |first13=G |first14=W |first15=V |first16=C |first17=B|author2=Goodenough S|author3=Monory K |last4=Zieglgänsberger |last5=Di Marzo |last6=Behl |last7=Lutz|first4=H|first5=M|first6=A|first7=SC|last8=Cascio|first8=MG|last9=Gutiérrez|first9=SO |bibcode = 2003Sci...302...84M }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bacci A, Huguenard JR, Prince DA |title=Long-lasting self-inhibition of neocortical interneurons mediated by endocannabinoids |journal=Nature |volume=431 |issue=7006 |pages=312–6 |year=2004 |pmid=15372034 |doi=10.1038/nature02913 |laysummary=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/09/040916102315.htm |laysource=[[Science Daily]] |laydate=16 September 2004|bibcode = 2004Natur.431..312B }}</ref> [[digestive disease]]s,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Di Carlo G, Izzo AA |title=Cannabinoids for gastrointestinal diseases: potential therapeutic applications |journal=Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=39–49 |year=2003 |pmid=12517253 |doi=10.1517/13543784.12.1.39}}</ref> [[glioma]]s,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Lorente M |title=Amphiregulin is a factor for resistance of glioma cells to cannabinoid-induced apoptosis |journal=Glia |volume= 57|issue= 13|pages=1374–85 |year=2009 |pmid=19229996 |doi=10.1002/glia.20856|author2=Carracedo A|author3=Torres S|last4=Natali|first4=Francesco|last5=Egia|first5=Ainara|last6=Hernández-Tiedra|first6=Sonia|last7=Salazar|first7=María|last8=Blázquez|first8=Cristina|last9=Guzmán|first9=Manuel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ramer R, Hinz B |title=Inhibition of cancer cell invasion by cannabinoids via increased expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 |journal=Journal of the National Cancer Institute |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=59–69 |year=2008 |pmid=18159069 |doi=10.1093/jnci/djm268}}</ref> [[hepatitis C]],<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sylvestre DL, Clements BJ, Malibu Y |title=Cannabis use improves retention and virological outcomes in patients treated for hepatitis C |journal=European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=1057–63 |year=2006 |pmid=16957511 |doi=10.1097/01.meg.0000216934.22114.51}}</ref> [[Huntington's disease]],<ref>{{cite pmid|19228180}}</ref><ref>{{cite pmid|20590577}}</ref> [[leukemia]],<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Powles T |title=Cannabis-induced cytotoxicity in leukemic cell lines: the role of the cannabinoid receptors and the MAPK pathway |journal=Blood |volume=105 |issue=3 |pages=1214–21 |year=2005 |pmid=15454482 |doi=10.1182/blood-2004-03-1182 |author2=te Poele R|author3=Shamash J|last4=Chaplin|first4=T|last5=Propper|first5=D|last6=Joel|first6=S|last7=Oliver|first7=T|last8=Liu|first8=WM}}</ref> [[tumor|skin tumors]],<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Casanova ML |title=Inhibition of skin tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo by activation of cannabinoid receptors |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=43–50 |year=2003 |pmid=12511587 |pmc=151833 |doi=10.1172/JCI16116 |author2=Blázquez C|author3=Martínez-Palacio J|last4=Villanueva|first4=Concepción|last5=Fernández-Aceñero|first5=M. Jesús|last6=Huffman|first6=John W.|last7=Jorcano|first7=José L.|last8=Guzmán|first8=Manuel}}</ref> [[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus|methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'']] (MRSA),<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Appendino G, Gibbons S, Giana A, Pagani A, Grassi G, Stavri M, Smith E, Rahman MM |title=Antibacterial Cannabinoids from ''Cannabis sativa'': A Structure—Activity Study |journal=J Nat Prod |volume=71 |issue=8 |pages=1427–30 |year=2008|pmid=18681481 |doi=10.1021/np8002673 |laysummary=http://www.webmd.com/news/20080904/marijuana-chemicals-may-fight-mrsa |laysource=[[WebMD]] |laydate=4 September 2008 |accessdate=6 November 2010}}</ref> [[Parkinson's disease]],<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kreitzer AC, Malenka RC |title=Endocannabinoid-mediated rescue of striatal LTD and motor deficits in Parkinson's disease models |journal=Nature |volume=445 |issue=7128 |pages=643–7 |year=2005 |pmid=17287809 |doi=10.1038/nature05506 |laysummary=http://med.stanford.edu/news_releases/2007/february/malenka.html |laysource=[[Stanford University School of Medicine]] |laydate=7 February 2007}}</ref> [[Itch|pruritus]],<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Szepietowski JC, Szepietowski T, Reich A |title=Efficacy and tolerance of the cream containing structured physiological lipids with endocannabinoids in the treatment of uremic pruritus: a preliminary study |journal=Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=97–103 |year=2005 |pmid=16324422}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bergasa NV |title=The pruritus of cholestasis |journal=Journal of Hepatology |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=1078–88 |year=2005 |pmid=16253381 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2005.09.004}}</ref> [[posttraumatic stress disorder]] (PTSD),<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ganon-Elazar E, Akirav I|title=Cannabinoid receptor activation in the basolateral amygdala blocks the effects of stress on the conditioning and extinction of inhibitory avoidance|journal=J. Neurosci|volume=29|issue=36|pages=11078–88|pmid=19741114 |year=2009|laysummary=http://psychcentral.com/news/2009/11/05/medical-marijuana-for-ptsd/9359.html|laysource=PsychCentral|laydate=5 November 2009|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1223-09.2009}}</ref> [[psoriasis]],<ref>{{cite pmid|17157480}}</ref> [[sickle-cell disease]],<ref>{{cite pmid|16173972}}</ref> [[sleep apnea]],<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Carley DW, Paviovic S, Janelidze M, Radulovacki M |title=Functional role for cannabinoids in respiratory stability during sleep |journal=Sleep |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=391–8 |year=2002 |pmid=12071539 |url=http://www.scholaruniverse.com/ncbi-linkout?id=12071539 }}</ref> at [[anorexia nervosa]].<ref>Grotenhermen, Russo (2002) "Review of Therapeutic Effects." Chapter 11, p. 128 in ''Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Potential'', Routledge, ISBN 0789015080.</ref>

===Epekto sa kanser===

 

Ayon sa pag-aaral ng [[California Pacific Medical Center]] Research Institute noong 2007 at 2010, ang [[cannabidiol]] ay nagpahinto sa [[kanser sa suso]] na kumalat na sa buong katawan sa pamamagitan ng ''downregulation'' ng isang ''gene'' na tinatawag na [[ID1]].<ref name=pmid18025276>{{Cite journal|author=McAllister SD, Christian RT, Horowitz MP, Garcia A, Desprez PY |title=Cannabidiol as a novel inhibitor of Id-1 gene expression in aggressive breast cancer cells |journal=Molecular Cancer Therapeutics |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=2921–7 |year=2007 |pmid=18025276 |doi=10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0371 |laysummary=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7098340.stm |laysource=[[BBC News]] |laydate=19 November 2007}}</ref>