Wikang Hebreo: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago
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Tagasalinero (usapan | ambag) Isinaayos ang infobox |
Tagasalinero (usapan | ambag) Inihalintulad sa bersyong Ingles (Hindi pa tapos ang pagsasalinwika). |
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Linya 21:
| ancestor3 = [[Ebreong Medyebal]]
| stand1 = [[Modernong Ebreo]]
| script = [[Alpabetong Ebreo]]<br />[[Ebreong Braille]]<br />[[Alpabetong Paleo-Ebreo]] ([[Arkaikong Ebreong Biblikal]])<br />[[Sulating Imperyal
| nation = {{ISR}} (bilang [[Modernong Ebreo]])
| agency = [[Akademya ng Wikang Ebreo]]<br />{{lang|he|האקדמיה ללשון העברית}} ({{transl|he|''HaAkademia LaLashon HaʿIvrit''}})
Linya 57:
{{Contains Hebrew text}}
Ang '''Ebreo''' (Ebreo: עברית, ''’Ivrit'' {{IPA-he|ivˈʁit}} o {{IPA-he|ʕivˈɾit||Ivrit1.ogg}}; [[Wikang Kastila|Kastila]]: ''hebreo'' [e'βɾeo]; [[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]]: ''Hebrew'') ay isang [[wika]] [[Northwest Semitic languages|Hilangang-kanlurang Semitikong]] na katutubo sa [[Israel]]. Noong 2013, higit sa siyam na milyong katao ang nagsalita ng [[Modern Hebrew|Modernong Ebreo]].<ref name="Behadrey-Haredim">{{cite web|first1=Nachman|last1=Gur|first2=Behadrey|last2=Haredim|title='Kometz Aleph – Au': How many Hebrew speakers are there in the world?|url=http://www.bhol.co.il/article_en.aspx?id=52405|accessdate=2 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104025104/http://www.bhol.co.il/article_en.aspx?id=52405|archive-date=4 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sa kasaysayan, itinuring ito bilang wika ng mga [[Mga Ebreo|Israelita]] at ang kanilang ninuno, ngunit hindi ito tinutukoy gamit ang pangalang "Ebreo" sa [[Tanakh]] mismo.{{refn|In the [[Tanakh]] (Jewish Bible), the language was referred to as ''Yehudit'' "the language of Judah" or ''səpaṯ Kəna'an'' "the language of Canaan".<ref name=ASB>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZCgpaTgLm0C&pg=PA1|title=A History of the Hebrew Language|first=Angel|last=Sáenz-Badillos|translator-first=John|translator-last=Elwolde|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1993|orig-year=1988|isbn=9780521556347}}</ref> Later Hellenistic writers such as [[Josephus]] and the [[Gospel of John]] used the term ''Hebraisti'' to refer to both Hebrew and Aramaic.<ref name=ASB/>|group="note"}} Pinetsahan ang mga pinakamaagang halimbawa ng sinulat na [[Paleo-Hebrew alphabet|Paleo-Ebreo]] mula noong ika-10 siglo BK.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.physorg.com/news182101034.html|title=Most ancient Hebrew biblical inscription deciphered|publisher=Physorg.com|date=7 January 2010|accessdate=25 April 2013}}</ref> Nabibilang ang Ebreo sa [[West Semitic languages|Kanlurang Semitikong]] sangay ng mga wikang [[Afroasiatic languages|Apro-asyatikong]]. Ang Ebreo ay ang natatanging wikang [[Canaanite languages|Kanaanita]] na sinasalita pa rin, at ang tanging tunay na matagumpay na halimbawa ng muling ibinuhay na [[Dead language|wikang patay]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Grenoble|first1=Leonore A.|last2=Whaley|first2=Lindsay J.|title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization|date=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-0521016520|page=63|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA63|quote=Hebrew is cited by Paulston et al. (1993:276) as 'the only true example of language revival.'|accessdate=28 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Fesperman|first1=Dan|title=Once 'dead' language brings Israel to life Hebrew: After 1,700 years, a revived language becomes a common thread knitting together a nation of immigrants with little in common except religion|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1998-04-26/news/1998116050_1_read-hebrew-hebrew-and-arabic-german|accessdate=28 March 2017|work=The Baltimore Sun|agency=Sun Foreign Staff|date=26 April 1998}}</ref>
Tumigil ang paggamit ng Ebreo bilang pang-araw-araw ng sinasalitang wika sa pagitan ng 200 at 400 PK, na nagsimulang humina mula ng bunga ng [[himagsikang Bar Kokhba]].<ref name="ASB" /><ref name="OxfordDictionaryChristianChurch" />{{refn|Sáenz-Badillos, Ángel and John Elwolde: "There is general agreement that two main periods of RH (Rabbinical Hebrew) can be distinguished. The first, which lasted until the close of the Tannaitic era (around 200 CE), is characterized by RH as a spoken language gradually developing into a literary medium in which the Mishnah, Tosefta, ''baraitot'' and Tannaitic ''midrashim'' would be composed. The second stage begins with the ''[[Amoraim]]'' and sees RH being replaced by Aramaic as the spoken vernacular, surviving only as a literary language. Then it continued to be used in later rabbinic writings until the tenth century in, for example, the Hebrew portions of the two Talmuds and in midrashic and haggadic literature."<ref name="Sáenz-Badillos 1996. P.170-171"/>|name="Sáenz-BadillosRH"|group="note"}} Noong panahong iyon, ginagamit na ang[[Wikang Arameo|Arameo]] at, sa mas maliit na lawak, [[Wikang Griyego|Griyego]] bilang wikang internasyonal, lalo na sa mga matataas at imigrante.<ref>"If you couldn't speak Greek by say the time of early Christianity you couldn't get a job. You wouldn't get a good job. a professional job. You had to know Greek in addition to your own language. And so you were getting to a point where Jews...the Jewish community in say Egypt and large cities like Alexandria didn't know Hebrew anymore they only knew Greek. And so you need a Greek version in the synagogue." – Josheph Blankinsopp, Professor of Biblical Studies University of Notre Dame in A&E's ''Who Wrote the Bible''</ref> Nabuhay ang Ebreo sa panahong medyebal bilang wika ng [[Jewish liturgy|liturhikang Hudyo]], [[Rabbinic literature|panitikang rabiniko]], intra-Jewish commerce and panulaan. Sa pagsulong ng [[Zionism|Zionismo]] sa ika-19 na siglo, [[Revival of the Hebrew language|nabuhay ito muli]] bilang pangunahing wika ng [[Yishuv]], at sa kalaunan ang Estado ng [[Israel]]. Ayon sa ''[[Ethnologue]]'', noong 1998, ang Ebreo ay ang wika ng limang milyong katao sa buong mundo.<ref name="eth" /> Pagkatapos ng Israel, ang [[Estados Unidos]] ay may ikalawang pinakamalaking populasyon na nagsasalita ng Ebreo, ng mga 220,000 matatas na nagsasalita,<ref name="2009 survey">{{Citation|url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/population/ancestry_language_spoken_at_home.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225193634/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/population/ancestry_language_spoken_at_home.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 December 2007|title=Table 53. Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2009|work=The 2012 Statistical Abstract|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=27 December 2011}}</ref> karamihan mula sa Israel.
==Tingnan din==
Linya 69:
[[Kategorya:Wikang Jewish]]
<references
== Mga kawing panlabas ==
*[http://www.akhlah.com/ Learn Hebrew with Akhlah!], mula sa Jewish Children’s Learning Network
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