COVID-19: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago

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Ang '''COVID-19''' ('''''coronavirus disease 2019'''''),<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200211-sitrep-22-ncov.pdf|title=Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): situation report, 22|last=|first=|date=February 11, 2020|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|issue=|doi=|volume=|pmid=|access-date=|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|year=}}</ref> na dating kilala bilang '''''2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease''''', ay isang nakakahawang sakit dulot ng [[SARS-CoV-2]], isang birus na may kaugnayan sa [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus|SARS-CoV]].<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite journal|last=Gorbalenya|first=Alexander E.|date=2020-02-11|title=Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862v1|journal=bioRxiv|language=en|pages=2020.02.07.937862|doi=10.1101/2020.02.07.937862|access-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211175138/https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862v1|archive-date=11 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|title=Coronavirus disease named Covid-19|date=2020-02-11|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=2020-02-11|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211162411/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|archive-date=11 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Naitala ang mga unang kaso nito sa [[Wuhan]], kabisera ng [[Hubei|lalawigan ng Hubei]], sa [[Tsina]] noong Disyembre 2019, at mula noon ay kumalat sa buong mundo, na humantong sa nagpapatuloy na [[Pandemya ng coronavirus ng 2019–20|pandemya ng coronavirus 2019–20]].<ref name="Hui14Jan2020">{{cite journal|author-last1=Hui|author-last10=Drosten|doi=10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009|pmid=31953166|pages=264–66|issue=|volume=91|date=February 2020|journal=Int J Infect Dis|title=The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health—The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China|author-first12=E.|author-last12=Petersen|author-first11=A.|author-last11=Zumla|author-link10=Christian Drosten|author-first10=Christian|author-first9=Z. A.|author-first1=D. S.|author-last9=Memish|author-first8=T. D.|author-last8=Mchugh|author-first7=G.|author-last7=Ippolito|author-first6=O.|author-last6=Dar|author-first5=R.|author-last5=Kock|author-first4=F.|author-last4=Ntoumi|author-first3=T. A.|author-last3=Madani|author2=I. Azhar E.|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="WHOPandemic">{{cite press release|title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|date=11 March 2020|url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020|access-date=12 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kabilang sa mga [[sintomas]] nito ang [[lagnat]], [[ubo]], at [[pangangapos ng hinihinga]].<ref name="CDCSym" /> Kabilang sa mga iba pang sintomas ang [[Myalgia|kirot sa kalamnan]], [[Sputum|pag-uuhog]], [[pagtatae]], [[pamamaga ng lalamunan]], [[Loss of smell|pagkawala ng pang-amoy]], at sakit sa tiyan.<ref name="CDC2020Sym" /><ref name="whoqa">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)|url-status=live|access-date=11 March 2020|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}</ref><ref name="entuk-anosmia">{{cite web|url=https://www.entuk.org/loss-sense-smell-marker-covid-19-infection|title=Loss of sense of smell as marker of COVID-19 infection|last=Hopkins|first=Claire|date=|website=Ear, Nose and Throat surgery body of United Kingdom|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref> Habang nagreresulta ang karahiman ng kaso sa mga di-malubhang sintomas, maaaring humantong ang ilan sa [[pulmonya]] at [[Multi-organ failure|pagkasira ng iilang sangkap]].<ref name="Hui14Jan2020" /><ref name="WHO-q-a">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120174649/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|archive-date=20 January 2020|access-date=27 January 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Noong pagsapit ng {{Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|date|editlink=|ref=no}}, higit sa {{Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|conround|editlink=|ref=no}} kaso ng COVID-19 ay naitala sa higit sa 200 bansa at teritoryo, na nagresulta sa kamatayan ng humigit-kumulang sa {{Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|dround|editlink=|ref=no}}.<ref name="WOM2">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 935,957 Cases and 47,245 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Outbreak - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/|website=www.worldometers.info|accessdate=2 April 2020|language=en}}</ref> Higit sa {{Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|recround|editlink=|ref=no}} katao ang gumaling na.<ref name="WOM2" />
 
Karaniwang naipapasa ang sakit sa malapitang pakikitungo at sa pamamagitan ng mga [[Respiratory droplet|pahingahahang pak-patak]] kapag [[Ubo|umuubo]] o bumabahing.<ref name="CDCTrans">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—Transmission|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/transmission.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=23 March 2020|language=en-us|date=17 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="WHO2020QA">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=11 February 2020|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref> Maaaring magkaroon ng mga patak-patak habang humihinga ngunit sa pangkalahatan, hindi [[Airborne disease|dinadala ng hangin]] ang virus.<ref name="WHO2020QA2">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=11 February 2020|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="ECDCQA">{{cite web|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china/questions-answers|title=Q & A on COVID-19|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|language=en|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref> Maaari ring mahawa rin ang mga tao kung hinawakan nila ang kontaminadong bagay at pagkatapos, ang kanilang mukha.<ref name="WHO2020QA2" /><ref name="CDCTrans2">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—Transmission|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/transmission.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=23 March 2020|language=en-us|date=17 March 2020}}</ref> Pinakanakahahawa ito kapag sintomatiko ang mga tao, ngunit maaaring maghawa bago lumitaw ang mga sintomas.<ref name="CDCTrans2" /> Maaaring mabuhay ang virus sa mga ibabaw nang hanggang 72 oras.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/new-coronavirus-stable-hours-surfaces|access-date=23 March 2020|title=New coronavirus stable for hours on surfaces|date=17 March 2020|publisher=[[National Institutes of Health]]}}</ref> Ang panahon bago umepekto ang sakit ay karaniwang dalawa hanggang labing-apat na araw, na may katamtamang limang araw.<ref name="CDCSym">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|title=Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|date=10 February 2020|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202038/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|archive-date=30 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author-last1=Velavan|author-first1=T. P.|author-last2=Meyer|author-first2=C. G.|title=The COVID-19 epidemic|journal=Tropical Medicine & International Health|volume=n/a|issue=n/a|pages=278–80|doi=10.1111/tmi.13383|doi-access=free|pmid=32052514|date=March 2020}}</ref> Ang pamantayang pamamaraan ng [[Diagnosis|pagsusuri]] ay sa pamamagitan ng [[Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction|''reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction'']] (rRT-PCR) mula sa [[Nasopharyngeal swab|''nasopharyngeal'' na pamahid]].<ref name="CDC2020Testing">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=26 March 2020|language=en-us|date=11 February 2020}}</ref> Maaari ring suriin ang impeksyon mula sa kombinasyon ng mga sintomas, [[Risk factor|salik ng panganib]] at isang [[CT scan|''CT scan'']] ng dibdib na nagpapakita ng mga katangian ng pulmonya.<ref name=":3">{{cite journal | vauthors=Jin YH, Cai L, Cheng ZS, Cheng H, Deng T, Fan YP, Fang C, Huang D, Huang LQ, Huang Q, Han Y, Hu B, Hu F, Li BH, Li YR, Liang K, Lin LK, Luo LS, Ma J, Ma LL, Peng ZY, Pan YB, Pan ZY, Ren XQ, Sun HM, Wang Y, Wang YY, Weng H, Wei CJ, Wu DF, Xia J, Xiong Y, Xu HB, Yao XM, Yuan YF, Ye TS, Zhang XC, Zhang YW, Zhang YG, Zhang HM, Zhao Y, Zhao MJ, Zi H, Zeng XT, Wang YY, Wang XH | display-authors=6 | title=A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version) | journal=Military Medical Research | date=February 2020 | volume=7 | issue=1 | page=4 | doi=10.1186/s40779-020-0233-6 | doi-access=free | pmid=32029004 | pmc=7003341 }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200226151951.htm|title=CT provides best diagnosis for COVID-19|date=26 February 2020|website=ScienceDaily|url-status=live|access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref>
 
Kabilang sa mga inirerekumendang hakbang upang maiwasan ang pagkahawa ay madalas na [[Hand washing|paghuhugas ng kamay]], [[panlipunang pagpapalayo]] (pagpapanatili ng pisikal na distansya mula sa ibang tao, lalo na sa mga may sintomas), pagtatakip ng mga ubo at bahing ng tisyu o panloob na siko, at paglayo ng maruming kamay mula sa mukha.<ref name="Advice for public">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|title=Advice for public|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126025750/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|archive-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-guidance-on-social-distancing-and-for-vulnerable-people/guidance-on-social-distancing-for-everyone-in-the-uk-and-protecting-older-people-and-vulnerable-adults|title=Guidance on social distancing for everyone in the UK|website=GOV.UK|language=en|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> Inirerekumenda ang paggamit ng mga [[Masks|mask]] sa mga nagsususpetsa na may virus sila at sa kanilang tagapag-alaga.<ref name="CDC2020IfSick">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|title=2019&nbsp;Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|author=CDC|date=11 February 2020|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214153016/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|archive-date=14 February 2020|access-date=15 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Nagkakaiba-iba ang mga rekomendasyon sa paggamit ng mask ng publiko. Hindi nirerekumenda ng iilan ang kanilang paggamit, nirerekumenda naman ng iilan ang paggamit, at inaatas ng mga iba pa ang paggamit.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Feng|first6=Benjamin J.|issn=2213-2600|doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30134-X|volume=0|language=English|journal=The Lancet Respiratory Medicine|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(20)30134-X/abstract|title=Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic|date=2020-03-20|last6=Cowling|first=Shuo|first5=Mengzhen|last5=Fan|first4=Wei|last4=Song|first3=Nan|last3=Xia|first2=Chen|last2=Shen|pmid=32203710}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=When and how to use masks|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/when-and-how-to-use-masks|website=www.who.int|accessdate=31 March 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tait|first=Robert|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/czechs-get-to-work-making-masks-after-government-decree-coronavirus|title=Czechs get to work making masks after government decree|date=2020-03-30|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-31|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Sa kasalukuyan, wala pang mga [[bakuna]] o tiyak na [[Antiviral treatment|gamot panlaban sa virus]] para sa COVID-19. Kasali sa pangangasiwa nito ang [[Palliative care|paggamot ng mga sintomas]], [[Supportive care|pag-aalalay]], [[Isolation (health care)|pagbubukod]], at [[Medical research|eksperimentong pamamaraan]].<ref name="cdc21Jan202022">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|date=15 February 2020|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226145347/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html|archive-date=26 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref>
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Ang mga nahawa ng virus ay maaaring [[Asymptomatic carrier|asintomatiko]] o magkaroon ng mga [[Influenza-like illness|malatrangkaso na sintomas]], kasama ang lagnat, ubo, pagkapagod, at pangangapos ng hinihinga.<ref name="CDC2020Sym2CDC2020Sym"><!--KEEP THIS NAMED REFERENCE-->{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Symptoms|date=10 February 2020|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|location=United States|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202038/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite journal|author-last1=Chen|title=Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study|author-last12=Yu|author-first12=T.|author-last13=Zhang|author-first13=X.|author-last14=Zhang|author-first14=L.|language=English|author-last11=Xia|journal=Lancet|volume=395|issue=10223|pages=507–513|date=February 2020|pmid=32007143|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7|author-first11=J.|author-first10=Y.|author-first1=N.|author-first5=F.|author-last2=Zhou|author-first2=M.|author-last3=Dong|author-first3=X.|author-last4=Qu|author-first4=J.|author-last5=Gong|author-last6=Han|author-last10=Wei|author-first6=Y.|author-last7=Qiu|author-first7=Y.|author-last8=Wang|author-first8=J.|author-last9=Liu|author-first9=Y.|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Hessen27Jan2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center: Expert guidance and commentary|last=Hessen|first=Margaret Trexler|name-list-format=vanc|date=27 January 2020|website=Elsevier Connect|url-status=live|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|archive-date=30 January 2020}}</ref> Kabilang sa mga kagipitang sintomas ang paghihirap sa paghinga, paulit-ulit na sakit o panggigipit sa dibdib, pagkalito, nahihirapang gumising, at mangasul-ngasul na mukha o labi; kailangan magpatingin agad sa doktor kung lumitaw ang ganitong mga sintomas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=21 March 2020|language=en-us|date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320231801/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Maaari ring magkaroon ng sintomas sa [[Upper respiratory|gawing itaas ng palahingahan]], tulad ng [[Sneeze|pagbahing]], [[Rhinorrhoea|sipon]], o [[pamamaga ng lalamunan]] ngunit mas bihira ang mga ganito. Naobserbahan din ang mga sintomas tulad ng [[nausea]], [[Vomiting|pagsusuka]], at [[pagtatae]] sa mga iba't ibang porsyento.<ref name=":102" /><ref name="Huang24Jan2020">{{cite journal|vauthors=Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B|display-authors=6|title=Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China|journal=Lancet|volume=395|issue=10223|pages=497–506|date=February 2020|pmid=31986264|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lai|title=Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges|pmid=32081636|doi=10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924|page=105924|issue=3|volume=55|language=en|journal=International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents|date=1 March 2020|first1=Chih-Cheng|first5=Po-Ren|last5=Hsueh|first4=Hung-Jen|last4=Tang|first3=Wen-Chien|last3=Ko|first2=Tzu-Ping|last2=Shih|issn=0924-8579}}</ref> Ang mga ilang kaso sa Tsina ay nagpakita sa una na may [[Chest pain|paninikip ng dibdib]] at [[Palpitations|pagtitibok]] lamang.<ref name="Zheng Ma Zhang Xie p.">{{cite journal|vauthors=Zheng YY, Ma YT, Zhang JY, Xie X|title=COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system|journal=Nature Reviews. Cardiology|date=March 2020|pmid=32139904|doi=10.1038/s41569-020-0360-5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Noong Marso 2020 nagkaroon ng mga ulat na nagpahayag na ang [[Anosmia|pagkawala ng pang-amoy]] (''anosmia'') ay maaaring karaniwang sintomas sa mga may di-malubhang sakit,<ref name="entuk-anosmia3" /><ref name="Iacobucci20202" /> ngunit hindi ito ganoong karniwan tulad noong unang iniulat.<ref name="Palus2" /> Sa mga ilan, maaaring lumala ang sakit tungo sa [[pulmonya]], [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|pagkasira ng iilang sangkap]], at [[kamatayan]].<ref name="Hui14Jan2020" /><ref name="WHO-q-a" /> Sa mga nagkakaroon ng mga matitinding sintomas, ang oras mula sa simula ng sintomas patungo sa pangangailangan ng de-makinang bentilasyon ay karaniwang walong araw.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|date=11 February 2020|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302201644/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html|archive-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Gaya ng pangkaraniwan sa mga impeksyon, mayroong pagkaantala mula sa sandaling mahawahan ang tao ng virus hanggang sa oras na nagkakaroon sila ng sintomas. Tinatawag itong [[Incubation period|yugto ng inkubasyon]]. Karaniwang lima hanggang anim na araw ang yugto ng inkubasyon para sa COVID-19, ngunit maaari itong nasa pagitan ng dalawa hanggang labing-apat na araw.<ref>{{Cite document|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 29|date=19 February 2020|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|hdl=10665/331118|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19): How long is the incubation period for COVID-19?|date=|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120174649/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|archive-date=20 January 2020|access-date=26 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> 97.5% ng mga nagkakaroon ng sintomas ay magkakaroon nito sa loob ng 11.5 araw ng pagkahawa.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lauer|last9=Lessler|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324032020/https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2762808/incubation-period-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-from-publicly-reported|access-date=24 March 2020|issn=0003-4819|pmc=7081172|pmid=32150748|doi=10.7326/M20-0504|language=en|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|url=https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2762808/incubation-period-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-from-publicly-reported|title=The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application|date=10 March 2020|first9=Justin|first8=Nicholas G.|first1=Stephen A.|last8=Reich|first7=Andrew S.|last7=Azman|first6=Hannah R.|last6=Meredith|first5=Qulu|last5=Zheng|first4=Forrest K.|last4=Jones|first3=Qifang|last3=Bi|first2=Kyra H.|last2=Grantz|url-status=live}}</ref>
Linya 119:
Ang ''severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2'' (SARS-CoV-2) ay isang ''[[novel virus|novel]] severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus'', unang ibinukod mula sa tatlong tao na may pulmonya na konektado sa [[Disease cluster|kumpol]] ng kaso ng ''acute respiratory illness'' sa Wuhan.<ref name="ECDC risk assessment" /> Makikita ang lahat ng mga katangian ng novel SARS-CoV-2 virus sa mga kaugnay na coronavirus sa kalikasan.<ref name="hcAdO" />
 
Sa labas ng katawan ng tao, namamatay ang virus sa pamamagitan ng [[soap|sabon]], na nagpapaputok sa bulang pamprotekta ng virus.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Salehi|first=Sana|last2=Abedi|first2=Aidin|last3=Balakrishnan|first3=Sudheer|last4=Gholamrezanezhad|first4=Ali|date=2020-03-14|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|language=en|pages=1–7|doi=10.2214/AJR.20.23034|issn=0361-803X|pmid=32174129}}</ref> Typical features on CT include bilateral multilobar [[Ground glass opacity|ground-glass opacificities]] with a peripheral, asymmetric and posterior distribution.<ref name=":0" /> Tila may kaugnayan ang SARS-CoV-2 sa orihinal na SARS-CoV.<ref name="Zhu24Jan2020" /> Ipinapalagay na nanggaling ito sa [[Zoonosis|hayop]]. Isinisiwalat ng pag-aanalisang henetiko na karaniwang nagtitipun-tipon ang coronavirus sa genus ''[[Betacoronavirus]]'', sa subgenus [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus|''Sarbecovirus'']] (angkan B) kasama ng dalawang uri na galing-paniki. 96% magkahawig ito at buong antas ng [[genome]] sa mga ibang sampol ng coronavirus sa paniki (BatCov RaTG13).<ref name="WHO report 28 February 2020" /><ref name="bioRxivBatOrigin" /> Noong Pebrero 2020, natuklasan ng mga Tsinong mananaliksik na isa lamang ang nag-iibang [[asidong amino]] sa mga tiyak na bahagi ng pagkakasunud-sunod ng genome ng mga virus mula sa [[pangolins|pangolin]] at mula sa tao, ngunit natuklasan ng paghahambing ng buong genome sa kasalukuyan na 92% ang pinakamalaking porsyento ng ibinabahaging henetikong materyal sa pagitan ng coronavirus sa pangolin at SARS-CoV-2, na kulang upang patunayan na ang mga pangolin ay [[intermediate host|kalagitnaang host]].<ref name="ia56U" />
Sa labas ng katawan ng tao, namamatay ang virus sa pamamagitan ng [[soap|sabon]], na nagpapaputok sa bulang pamprotekta ng virus.<ref name=":0" /><includeonly>
== Mga tanda at sintomas ==
Those infected may either be [[Asymptomatic carrier|asymptomatic]] or have [[symptoms]], like fever, cough, shortness of breath.<ref name="CDC2020Sym"><!--KEEP THIS NAMED REFERENCE-->{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Symptoms|date=10 February 2020|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|location=United States|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202038/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=| name-list-format = vanc}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Chen|first=Nanshan|last2=Zhou|first2=Min|last3=Dong|first3=Xuan|last4=Qu|first4=Jieming|last5=Gong|first5=Fengyun|last6=Han|first6=Yang|last7=Qiu|first7=Yang|last8=Wang|first8=Jingli|last9=Liu|first9=Ying|last10=Wei|first10=Yuan|last11=Xia|first11=Jia'an|date=2020-01-30|title=Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30211-7/abstract|journal=The Lancet|language=English|volume=0|issue=10223|pages=507–513|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7|issn=0140-6736|pmid=32007143}}</ref><ref name="Hessen27Jan2020">{{Cite web |url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center |title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center: Expert guidance and commentary |last=Hessen |first=Margaret Trexler |date=27 January 2020 |website=Elsevier Connect |url-status=live |access-date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center |archive-date=30 January 2020 }}</ref> [[Diarrhea]] or [[upper respiratory]] symptoms (e.g. sneezing, [[rhinorrhoea|runny nose]], sore throat) are less frequent.<ref name="Huang24Jan2020">{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Chaolin|last2=Wang|first2=Yeming|last3=Li|first3=Xingwang|last4=Ren|first4=Lili|last5=Zhao|first5=Jianping|last6=Hu|first6=Yi|last7=Zhang|first7=Li|last8=Fan|first8=Guohui|last9=Xu|first9=Jiuyang|last10=Gu|first10=Xiaoying|last11=Cheng|first11=Zhenshun|date=24 January 2020|title=Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China|journal=Lancet|volume=395|issue=10223|pages=497–506|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5|issn=0140-6736|pmid=31986264}}</ref> Cases can progress to [[pneumonia]], [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|multi-organ failure]], and death.<ref name="Hui14Jan2020" /><ref name=":0" />
 
The length of the [[incubation period]] before the onset of symptoms is estimated to be between two and ten days by the World Health Organization and between two and 14 days by the United States [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC).<ref name="CDC2020Sym" /><ref>{{cite report | vauthors=((World Health Organization)) | year=2020 |url= https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200126-sitrep-6-2019--ncov.pdf | title=Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): situation report, 6 | publisher=[[World Health Organization]] }}</ref>
 
== Sanhi ==
[[File:SARS-CoV-2 49531042877.jpg|thumb|Scanning electron microscope image of SARS-CoV-2 (yellow)]]
{{main|Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2}}
 
The disease is [[Cause (medicine)|caused]] by the virus [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] (SARS-CoV-2), previously referred to as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).<ref name="autogenerated2" /> The virus is thought to have an [[zoonosis|animal origin]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=Peng |last2=Yang |first2=Xing-Lou |last3=Wang |first3=Xian-Guang |last4=Hu |first4=Ben |last5=Zhang |first5=Lei |last6=Zhang |first6=Wei |last7=Si |first7=Hao-Rui |last8=Zhu |first8=Yan |last9=Li |first9=Bei |last10=Huang |first10=Chao-Lin |last11=Chen |first11=Hui-Dong |last12=Chen |first12=Jing |last13=Luo |first13=Yun |last14=Guo |first14=Hua |last15=Jiang |first15=Ren-Di |last16=Liu |first16=Mei-Qin |last17=Chen |first17=Ying |last18=Shen |first18=Xu-Rui |last19=Wang |first19=Xi |last20=Zheng |first20=Xiao-Shuang |last21=Zhao |first21=Kai |last22=Chen |first22=Quan-Jiao |last23=Deng |first23=Fei |last24=Liu |first24=Lin-Lin |last25=Yan |first25=Bing |last26=Zhan |first26=Fa-Xian |last27=Wang |first27=Yan-Yi |last28=Xiao |first28=Gengfu |last29=Shi |first29=Zheng-Li |title=Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin |journal=bioRxiv |date=23 January 2020 |pages=2020.01.22.914952 |doi=10.1101/2020.01.22.914952 |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.914952v2 |accessdate=5 February 2020 |language=en |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124223105/https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.914952v2 |archivedate=24 January 2020}}</ref>
 
It is primarily spread between people via respiratory droplets from the [[cough]]s and [[sneeze]]s.<ref name=CDC2020Spread/> Officials in Shanghai confirmed several transmission modes, including direct transmission, contact transmission and aerosol transmission, the latter two involving transmission when someone touches a surface contaminated with tainted respiratory droplets and inhalation of air contaminated with tainted respiratory droplets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202002/08/WS5e3e7d97a310128217275fc3.html|title=Shanghai officials reveal novel coronavirus transmission modes - Chinadaily.com.cn|last=江巍|website=www.chinadaily.com.cn|access-date=2020-02-13}}</ref>
 
An epidemiological study of the first 72,314 cases suggested that there may have been a "continuous common source" of the outbreak in December 2019, which would imply that several animal to human [[zoonotic]] events occurred at the [[Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market]]. According to this theory, the primary source of infection became human-to-human transmission in early January 2020.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=|title=The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) - China, 2020|url=https://github.com/cmrivers/ncov/blob/master/COVID-19.pdf|journal=China CDC Weekly|volume=2|pages=|via=unpublished master}}</ref>
 
== Pagsusuri ==
[[File:CDC 2019-nCoV Laboratory Test Kit.jpg|thumb|CDC laboratory test kit for COVID-19<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/testing.html|title=CDC Tests for 2019-nCoV|last=CDC|date=2020-02-05|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref>]]
The WHO has published several testing protocols for the disease.<ref name="Schirring16Jan2020">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/01/japan-has-1st-novel-coronavirus-case-china-reports-another-death |title=Japan has 1st novel coronavirus case; China reports another death |last=Schirring |first=Lisa |last2=2020 |date=16 January 2020 |website=CIDRAP |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120043657/http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/01/japan-has-1st-novel-coronavirus-case-china-reports-another-death |archive-date=20 January 2020 |access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="WHO_InterimGuidance">{{Cite web |url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/laboratory-diagnostics-for-novel-coronavirus |title=Laboratory testing for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in suspected human cases: Interim guidance |website=[[World Health Organization]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120175355/https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/laboratory-diagnostics-for-novel-coronavirus |archive-date=20 January 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref> Testing uses real time [[reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction]] (rRT-PCR).<ref name="20200130cdc">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/summary.html |title=2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Summary |date=30 January 2020 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126210549/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html |archive-date=26 January 2020 |access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref> The test can be done on respiratory or blood samples.<ref name="20200129cdc">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/rt-pcr-detection-instructions.html |title=Real-Time RT-PCR Panel for Detection 2019-nCoV |date=29 January 2020 |website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |access-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202031/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/rt-pcr-detection-instructions.html |archive-date=30 January 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Results are generally available within a few hours to days.<ref name="20200130businessinsider">{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-know-if-you-have-the-coronavirus-pcr-test-2020-1 |title=There's only one way to know if you have the coronavirus, and it involves machines full of spit and mucus |last=Brueck |first=Hilary |date=30 January 2020 |website=Business Insider |access-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201034232/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-know-if-you-have-the-coronavirus-pcr-test-2020-1 |archive-date=1 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="globenewswire1977226">{{Cite web |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/01/30/1977226/0/en/Curetis-Group-Company-Ares-Genetics-and-BGI-Group-Collaborate-to-Offer-Next-Generation-Sequencing-and-PCR-based-Coronavirus-2019-nCoV-Testing-in-Europe.html |title=Curetis Group Company Ares Genetics and BGI Group Collaborate to Offer Next-Generation Sequencing and PCR-based Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Testing in Europe |date=30 January 2020 |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |access-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131201626/https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/01/30/1977226/0/en/Curetis-Group-Company-Ares-Genetics-and-BGI-Group-Collaborate-to-Offer-Next-Generation-Sequencing-and-PCR-based-Coronavirus-2019-nCoV-Testing-in-Europe.html |archive-date=31 January 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Chinese scientists were able to isolate a strain of the coronavirus and publish the [[Nucleic acid sequence|genetic sequence]] so that laboratories across the world could independently develop [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]] tests to detect infection by the virus.<ref name="Hui14Jan2020" /><ref name="promedmail">{{Cite web |url=https://promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=6866757 |title=Undiagnosed pneumonia – China (HU) (01): wildlife sales, market closed, RFI Archive Number: 20200102.6866757 |website=Pro-MED-mail |publisher=International Society for Infectious Diseases |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122124653/https://promedmail.org/promed-post/?id=6866757 |archive-date=22 January 2020 |access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="Cohen17Jan20202">{{Cite journal |last=Cohen |first=Jon |last2=Normile |first2=Dennis |date=17 January 2020 |url=https://mcb.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2341/2020/01/WuhanScience24Jan2020.pdf |title=New SARS-like virus in China triggers alarm |journal=Science |volume=367 |issue=6475 |pages=234–235 |doi=10.1126/science.367.6475.234 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=31949058 |access-date=11 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211230310/https://mcb.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2341/2020/01/WuhanScience24Jan2020.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Parry20Jan2020">{{Cite journal |last=Parry |first=Jane |date=January 2020 |title=China coronavirus: cases surge as official admits human to human transmission |journal=British Medical Journal |volume=368 |page=m236 |doi=10.1136/bmj.m236 |issn=1756-1833 |pmid=31959587}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisettevoytko/2020/01/30/coronavirus-1st-us-human-to-human-transmission-confirmed-right-before-who-emergency-meeting/ |title=WHO Declares Coronavirus A Global Health Emergency, Praises China's 'Extraordinary Measures' |last=Voytko |first=Lisette |website=Forbes |access-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201040338/https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisettevoytko/2020/01/30/coronavirus-1st-us-human-to-human-transmission-confirmed-right-before-who-emergency-meeting/ |archive-date=1 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Diagnostic guidelines released by Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University suggested methods for detecting infections based upon clinical features and epidemiological risk. These involved identifying patients who had at least two of the following symptoms in addition to a history of travel to Wuhan or contact with other infected patients: fever, imaging features of pneumonia, normal or reduced white blood cell count, or reduced lymphocyte count.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Jin|first=Ying-Hui|last2=Cai|first2=Lin|last3=Cheng|first3=Zhen-Shun|last4=Cheng|first4=Hong|last5=Deng|first5=Tong|last6=Fan|first6=Yi-Pin|last7=Fang|first7=Cheng|last8=Huang|first8=Di|last9=Huang|first9=Lu-Qi|last10=Huang|first10=Qiao|last11=Han|first11=Yong|date=2020-02-06|title=A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)|journal=Military Medical Research|volume=7|issue=1|pages=4|doi=10.1186/s40779-020-0233-6|issn=2054-9369|pmc=|pmid=32029004}}</ref>
 
== Pag-iwas ==
Global health organisations have published preventive measures to reduce the chances of infection. Recommendations are similar to those published for other coronaviruses and include: frequent washing of hands with soap and water; not touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands; and practicing good respiratory hygiene.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/about/prevention.html|title=Coronavirus {{!}} About {{!}} Prevention and Treatment {{!}} CDC|date=2020-02-03|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2020-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215193934/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/about/prevention.html|archive-date=15 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|title=Advice for public|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2020-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126025750/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|archive-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
The use of masks by healthy members of the public is not recommended outside of China.<ref name=autogenerated1 /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19)|last=Health|first=Australian Government Department of|date=2020-01-21|website=Australian Government Department of Health|language=en|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref>
 
To prevent transmission, the CDC recommends that infected individuals stay at home except to get medical care; call ahead before visiting a healthcare provider; wear a facemask (especially in public); cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue; regularly wash hands with soap and water; and avoid sharing personal household items.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|title=What to do if you are sick with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|last=CDC|date=2020-02-11|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-02-13}}</ref>
 
No vaccine currently exists against SARS-CoV-2.
 
== Pamamahala ==
There are no specific antiviral medications approved for this disease. Symptoms are managed with [[supportive care]].<ref name="KuiFang2020">{{cite journal|last1=Kui|first1=Liu|last2=Fang|first2=Yuan-Yuan|last3=Deng|first3=Yan|last4=Liu|first4=Wei|last5=Wang|first5=Mei-Fang|last6=Ma|first6=Jing-Ping|last7=Xiao|first7=Wei|last8=Wang|first8=Ying-Nan|last9=Zhong|first9=Min-Hua|last10=Li|first10=Cheng-Hong|last11=Li|first11=Guang-Cai|last12=Liu|first12=Hui-Guo|title=Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province|journal=Chinese Medical Journal|year=2020|pages=1|issn=0366-6999|doi=10.1097/CM9.0000000000000744|pmid=32044814}}</ref> The WHO has published detailed treatment recommendations for hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when a SARS-CoV-2 infection is suspected.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected|title=Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2020-02-13}}</ref> The WHO also recommended volunteers take part in [[randomized controlled trial]]s for testing the effectiveness and safety of potential treatments.<ref name="ThomReut_notreatment_20200205">{{cite news | last1= Nebehay | first1=Stephanie | last2= Kelland | first2= Kate |last3=Liu |first3=Roxanne | title= WHO: 'no known effective' treatments for new coronavirus | date= 2020-02-05 | agency= [[Thomson Reuters]] | url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-treatments-who-idUSKBN1ZZ1M6 |accessdate=2020-02-05 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20200205155653/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-treatments-who-idUSKBN1ZZ1M6 |archivedate= 2020-02-05 |url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped --> |url-access = <!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->}}</ref>
 
The Beijing branch of China's National Health Commission suggested the use of [[lopinavir/ritonavir]] as part of treatment plans in the absence of an approved drug for this indication.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/01/26/asia-pacific/science-health-asia-pacific/china-hiv-drugs-treatment-wuhan-virus/|title=China names HIV drugs as part of treatment plan for Wuhan virus|date=2020-01-26|work=The Japan Times Online|access-date=2020-02-14|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763}}</ref> The lopinavir/ritonavir combination and interferon can now be claimed for via health insurance in some countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.koreabiomed.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=7360|title=Interferon, Kaletra to get insurance benefit for new coronavirus treatment - Korea Biomedical Review|date=2020-02-04|website=www.koreabiomed.com|language=ko|access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref>
 
=== Sikolohikal ===
Infected individuals may experience distress from quarantine, travel restrictions, side effects of treatment, or fear of the infection itself. To address these concerns, the National Health Commission of China published a national guideline for psychological crisis intervention on 27 January 2020.<ref name="Xiang4Feb2020">{{Cite journal|last=Xiang|first=Yu-Tao|last2=Yang|first2=Yuan|last3=Li|first3=Wen|last4=Zhang|first4=Ling|last5=Zhang|first5=Qinge|last6=Cheung|first6=Teris|last7=Ng|first7=Chee H|date=4 February 2020|title=Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2215036620300468|journal=The Lancet Psychiatry|language=en|volume=|pages=S2215036620300468|doi=10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8|pmid=32032543|via=}}</ref><ref name="Kang5Feb2020">{{Cite journal|last=Kang|first=Lijun|last2=Li|first2=Yi|last3=Hu|first3=Shaohua|last4=Chen|first4=Min|last5=Yang|first5=Can|last6=Yang|first6=Bing Xiang|last7=Wang|first7=Ying|last8=Hu|first8=Jianbo|last9=Lai|first9=Jianbo|last10=Ma|first10=Xiancang|last11=Chen|first11=Jun|date=5 February 2020|title=The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S221503662030047X|journal=The Lancet Psychiatry|language=en|volume=|pages=S221503662030047X|doi=10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X|pmid=32035030|via=}}</ref>
 
=== Alternatibong medisina ===
{{see also|Misinformation related to the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak#Vaccine and treatment}}
Chinese health authorities recommend the use of [[traditional Chinese medicine]] (TCM) to prevent or treat the disease. On 22 January, [[National Health Commission]] put TCM into the third issue of the COVID diagnostic and treatment plan.<ref name="tcm">{{cite news |title=新冠肺炎治疗:讲究实证的西医和自我定位的中药 |url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/science-51485559 |website=BBC News |date=14 February 2020 |language=zh-Hans |trans-title=Treating the novel conoravirus: the empirical Western medicine and the self-positioning Chinese medicine}}</ref> On 2 February, Wuhan officials ordered all patients to be put on a specific TCM treatment.<ref>{{cite web |title=中医来了!8个防治"协定方" 辅助治疗新型冠状病毒感染肺炎 |url=http://news.cctv.com/2020/01/25/ARTIce5OB5W3sORPe90dPEJh200125.shtml |website=CCTV News |accessdate=15 February 2020 |trans-title=Here comes Chinese medicine! 8 "agreed-on prescriptions" help prevent and treat the new coronavirus pneumonia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=武汉要求所有患者必须吃中药 网民质疑 |url=https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/20/2/4/n11842894.htm |website=Epoch Times |accessdate=15 February 2020 |language=zh-CN |date=4 February 2020 |trans-title=Wuhan wants all patients put on TCM; Netizens question}}</ref> On 14 February, Wuhan opened a TCM-oriented temporary hospital.<ref>{{cite news |title=Virus-hit Wuhan opens first TCM-oriented temporary hospital |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/15/c_138784633.htm |work=Xinhua}}</ref> The efficacy and safety of TCM has not been established in coronavirus infections.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dispelling the myths around the new coronavirus outbreak |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2020/02/dispelling-myths-coronavirus-outbreak-200202093426388.html?utm_source=website&utm_medium=article_page&utm_campaign=read_more_links |accessdate=8 February 2020 |work=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wee |first1=Sui-Lee |title=In Coronavirus, China Weighs Benefits of Buffalo Horn and Other Remedies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/world/asia/coronavirus-traditional-chinese-medicine.html |work=The New York Times |date=5 February 2020}}</ref>
 
== Prognosis ==
According to WHO, based on analysis of 44,000 cases of COVID-19 in Hubei province, around 80% of patients only have a mild form of the disease, 14% developed more severe disease such as pneumonia, 5% have critical disease, and 2% of cases are fatal.<ref name=chinacdcweekly>The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) — China, 2020[J]. China CDC Weekly 2020. http://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/id/e53946e2-c6c4-41e9-9a9b-fea8db1a8f51</ref> Of those who died, many had preexisting conditions, including [[hypertension]], [[diabetes]], or [[cardiovascular disease]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-statement-on-the-advice-of-the-ihr-emergency-committee-on-novel-coronavirus |title=WHO Director-General's statement on the advice of the IHR Emergency Committee on Novel Coronavirus |website=who.int}}</ref>
 
In early cases that resulted in death, the median time of disease was found to be 14 days, with a total range from six to 41 days.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1002/jmv.25689|pmid = 31994742|title = Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Wuhan, China|journal = Journal of Medical Virology|volume = 92|issue = 4|pages = 441–447|year = 2020|last1 = Wang|first1 = Weier|last2 = Tang|first2 = Jianming|last3 = Wei|first3 = Fangqiang}}</ref>
 
== Epidemiyolohiya ==
{{main|2019–20 coronavirus outbreak}}
 
Overall [[mortality rate|mortality]] and [[morbidity rate]]s due to infection are not well established; while the [[case fatality rate]] changes over time in the current outbreak, the proportion of infections that progress to diagnosable disease remains unclear.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/30/limited-data-may-skew-assumptions-severity-coronavirus-outbreak/|title=Limited data on coronavirus may be skewing assumptions about severity|date=2020-01-30|website=STAT|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201161634/https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/30/limited-data-may-skew-assumptions-severity-coronavirus-outbreak/|archive-date=1 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/26/2019-ncov-china-epidemic-pandemic-the-wuhan-coronavirus-a-tentative-clinical-profile/|title=How China's Coronavirus Is Spreading—and How to Stop It|last=Sparrow|first=Annie|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131025848/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/26/2019-ncov-china-epidemic-pandemic-the-wuhan-coronavirus-a-tentative-clinical-profile/|archive-date=31 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> However, preliminary research has yielded case fatality rate numbers between 2% and 3%;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-death-rate/#ref-6|title=Wuhan Coronavirus Death Rate - Worldometer|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en|access-date=2020-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131223143/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-death-rate/#ref-6|archive-date=31 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> in January 2020 the WHO suggested that the case fatality rate was approximately 3%,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20200124/k10012257631000.html|title=WHOが"致死率3%程度" 専門家「今後 注意が必要」|publisher=NHK|date=24 January 2020|accessdate=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126001243/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20200124/k10012257631000.html|archive-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and 2% in February 2020 in Hubei.<ref name=boseley>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/17/coronavirus-causes-mild-disease-in-four-in-five-patients-says-who |title=Coronavirus causes mild disease in four in five patients, says WHO |first=Sarah|last= Boseley|date=17 February 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> An unreviewed Imperial College preprint study among 55 fatal cases noted that early estimates of mortality may be too high as asymptomatic infections are missed. They estimated a mean infection fatality ratio (the mortality among infected) ranging from 0.8% when including asymptomatic carriers to 18% when including only symptomatic cases from Hubei province.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-2019-nCoV-severity-10-02-2020.pdf|title=Report 4: Severity of 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV)|access-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210105717/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-2019-nCoV-severity-10-02-2020.pdf|archive-date=10 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
==Pag-aaral==
===Bakuna===
Many organizations are using published genomes to develop possible [[vaccine]]s against SARS-CoV-2.<ref name="Reut_NIH_Moderna_3months" /><ref name=clinicaltrialsarena/> Bodies developing vaccines include the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/26/c_138734908.htm|title=China CDC developing novel coronavirus vaccine|date=26 January 2020|website=Xinhua|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126201658/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/26/c_138734908.htm|archive-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3047676/number-coronavirus-cases-china-doubles-spread-rate-accelerates|title=Chinese scientists race to develop vaccine as coronavirus death toll jumps|date=26 January 2020|website=South China Morning Post|access-date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126073453/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3047676/number-coronavirus-cases-china-doubles-spread-rate-accelerates|archive-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[University of Hong Kong]],<ref name="HKvaccine">{{cite news |last1=Cheung |first1=Elizabeth |title=Hong Kong researchers have developed coronavirus vaccine, expert reveals |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3047956/china-coronavirus-hong-kong-researchers-have |work=South China Morning Post |date=28 January 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128154002/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3047956/china-coronavirus-hong-kong-researchers-have |archive-date=28 January 2020 |url-status=live | name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> and [[Shanghai East Hospital]].<ref name="HKvaccine" /> Three vaccine projects are being supported by the [[Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations]] (CEPI), including projects by the [[biotechnology]] companies [[Moderna]] and [[Inovio Pharmaceuticals]] and another by the [[University of Queensland]].<ref name="Guardian_CEPI_16weeks" /> The United States [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) is cooperating with Moderna to create an [[RNA vaccine]] matching a spike of the coronavirus surface, and intends to start human trials by May 2020.<ref name="Reut_NIH_Moderna_3months" /> Inovio Pharmaceuticals is developing a [[DNA vaccination|DNA-based vaccination]] and collaborating with a Chinese firm, hoping to perform human trials in the summer of 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-51299735 |title=Coronavirus: Scientists race to develop a vaccine |last=Mazumdar |first=Tulip |date=30 January 2020|website=[[BBC News Online]]|access-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130184311/https://www.bbc.com/news/health-51299735 |archive-date=30 January 2020 |url-status=live | name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> In Australia, the University of Queensland is investigating the potential of a [[molecular clamp]] vaccine that would genetically modify viral proteins in order to stimulate an immune reaction.<ref name="Guardian_CEPI_16weeks" /> In Canada, the [[Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization|International Vaccine Centre]] (VIDO-InterVac), [[University of Saskatchewan]], are working on a vaccine,<ref name="CBC_Saskatch_6_8_weeks_nonhuman" /> aiming to start animal testing in March 2020 and human testing in 2021.<ref name="CBC_Saskatch_6_8_weeks_nonhuman" />
 
In January 2020, [[Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies]] began work on developing a vaccine, utilizing the same technologies used to make its experimental [[Ebola vaccine]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-johnson-johnson-idUSKBN1ZS1VW |title=Johnson & Johnson working on vaccine for deadly coronavirus |first=Manas|last=Mishra|date=29 January 2020|website=[[Reuters]]|access-date=19 February 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129231718/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-johnson-johnson-idUSKBN1ZS1VW |archive-date=29 January 2020 |url-status=live | name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> In the following month, the [[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services]]' [[Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority]] (BARDA) announced that it would collaborate with Janssen and, later, [[Sanofi Pasteur]] (the vaccine division of [[Sanofi]]) to develop a vaccine.<ref name="STAT Sanofi" /><ref name="HHS Sanofi PR">{{cite press release | title=HHS Engages Sanofi's Recombinant Technology for 2019 Novel Coronavirus Vaccine | website=[[United States Department of Health and Human Services|U.S. Department of Health & Human Services]] (HHS) | date=14 February 2020 | url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/02/18/hhs-engages-sanofis-recombinant-technology-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-vaccine.html | access-date=19 February 2020}}</ref> Sanofi has previously worked on a vaccine for [[SARS]] and it stated to expect to have a vaccine candidate within six months that could be ready to test in people within a year to 18 months.<ref name="STAT Sanofi">{{Cite news |url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/02/18/sanofi-announces-it-will-work-with-hhs-to-develop-coronavirus-vaccine/ |title=Sanofi announces it will work with HHS to develop coronavirus vaccine |last=Branswell|first=Helen|date=18 February 2020|website=[[Stat (website)|STAT]]|access-date=19 February 2020| name-list-format=vanc}}</ref>
 
===Panlaban sa birus===
Antiviral medications are being tested, including both new medications and those already approved for other infections.
 
Research into potential treatments for the disease was initiated in January 2020, and several antiviral drugs are already in clinical trials.<ref name="Reut_NIH_Moderna_3months" /><ref name=clinicaltrialsarena>Praveen Duddu. [https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/coronavirus-mers-cov-drugs/ Coronavirus outbreak: Vaccines/drugs in the pipeline for Covid-19]. clinicaltrialsarena.com 19 February 2020.</ref> Although completely new drugs may take until 2021 to develop,<ref>Lu H. Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). ''Biosci Trends''. 28 Jan 2020. {{doi|10.5582/bst.2020.01020}}</ref> several of the drugs being tested are already approved for other antiviral indications, or are already in advanced testing.<ref name=clinicaltrialsarena/> Antivirals being tested include the RNA polymerase inhibitor [[remdesivir]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Holshue|first=Michelle L.|last2=DeBolt|first2=Chas|last3=Lindquist|first3=Scott|last4=Lofy|first4=Kathy H.|last5=Wiesman|first5=John|last6=Bruce|first6=Hollianne|last7=Spitters|first7=Christopher|last8=Ericson|first8=Keith|last9=Wilkerson|first9=Sara|last10=Tural|first10=Ahmet|last11=Diaz|first11=George|date=2020-01-31|title=First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|language=en|pages=NEJMoa2001191|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2001191|pmid=32004427|issn=0028-4793}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.27.921627v1|title=Nelfinavir was predicted to be a potential inhibitor of 2019 nCov main protease by an integrative approach combining homology modelling, molecular docking and binding free energy calculation |first1=Zhijian|last1=Xu|first2=Cheng|last2=Peng|first3=Yulong|last3=Shi|first4=Zhengdan|last4=Zhu|first5=Kaijie|last5=Mu|first6=Xiaoyu|last6=Wang|first7=Weiliang|last7=Zhu|date=28 January 2020|journal=bioRxiv|pages=2020.01.27.921627|via=www.biorxiv.org|doi=10.1101/2020.01.27.921627}}</ref><ref name="Pau2020">{{cite journal |last1=Paules |first1=Catharine I. |last2=Marston |first2=Hilary D. |last3=Fauci |first3=Anthony S. |title=Coronavirus Infections—More Than Just the Common Cold |journal=JAMA |date=23 January 2020 |doi=10.1001/jama.2020.0757|pmid=31971553 }}</ref> [[interferon beta]],<ref name="Pau2020" /> [[triazavirin]],<ref>{{cite web |title=China to test Russian antiviral for battle against coronavirus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/china-coronavirus-live-updates/2020/02/04/707854ae-46d7-11ea-ab15-b5df3261b710_story.html |website=Washington post |accessdate=20 February 2020}}</ref> [[chloroquine]], the [[lopinavir/ritonavir]] combination (Kaletra) and others.<ref name=clinicaltrialsarena/><ref>Wang M, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. ''Cell Res'' (2020). {{doi|10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0}}</ref> Other drugs being tested include [[galidesivir]], a broad-spectrum antiviral that is a nucleoside RNA polymerase inhibitor; REGN3048-3051 (Regeneron), a combination of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies; [[darunavir/cobicistat]], an approved drug for HIV, and [[PRO 140]], a Research into potential treatments for the disease was initiated in January 2020, and several antiviral drugs are already in clinical trials.<ref name="Reut_NIH_Moderna_3months" /><ref name=clinicaltrialsarena/> As it has effects against other coronaviruses<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zumla|first=Alimuddin|last2=Hui|first2=David S.|last3=Azhar|first3=Esam I.|last4=Memish|first4=Ziad A.|last5=Maeurer|first5=Markus|date=2020-02-05|title=Reducing mortality from 2019-nCoV: host-directed therapies should be an option|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30305-6/abstract|journal=The Lancet|language=English|volume=0|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30305-6|issn=0140-6736|pmid=32035018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yu|first=Fei|last2=Du|first2=Lanying|last3=Ojcius|first3=David M.|last4=Pan|first4=Chungen|last5=Jiang|first5=Shibo|date=2020-02-01|title=Measures for diagnosing and treating infections by a novel coronavirus responsible for a pneumonia outbreak originating in Wuhan, China|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1286457920300253|journal=Microbes and Infection|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.micinf.2020.01.003|pmid=32017984|issn=1286-4579}}</ref> and modes of action that suggest they may be effective,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lin|first=Shen|last2=Shen|first2=Runnan|last3=Guo|first3=Xushun|date=2020-02-03|title=Molecular Modeling Evaluation of the Binding Abilities of Ritonavir and Lopinavir to Wuhan Pneumonia Coronavirus Proteases|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.929695v1|journal=bioRxiv|language=en|pages=2020.01.31.929695|doi=10.1101/2020.01.31.929695}}</ref> the lopinavir/ritonavir combination already has been the target of significant research and analysis.
 
==Katawagan==
The World Health Organization on 11 February 2020 announced that "COVID-19" will be the official name of the disease. World Health Organization chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said "co" stands for "corona", "vi" for "virus" and "d" for "disease", while "19" was for the year, as the outbreak was first identified on December 31. Tedros said the name had been chosen to avoid references to a specific geographical location (i.e. China), animal species or group of people in line with international recommendations for naming aimed at preventing stigmatisation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Novel coronavirus named 'Covid-19': WHO |url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-named-covid-19-who |accessdate=11 February 2020 |publisher=TODAYonline}}</ref><ref name="veconomist" >{{cite news|author=|title= The coronavirus spreads racism against—and among—ethnic Chinese|url= https://www.economist.com/china/2020/02/17/the-coronavirus-spreads-racism-against-and-among-ethnic-chinese|work=[[The Economist]]|date=17 February 2020}}</ref>
 
== Tingnan din ==
{{Portal|Medicine|Viruses}}
*[[Coronavirus disease]]s, a group of closely related syndromes
* [[Li Wenliang]], a doctor at Wuhan Central Hospital and first to describe the syndrome
</includeonly>
Tila may kaugnayan ang SARS-CoV-2 sa orihinal na SARS-CoV.<ref name="Zhu24Jan2020" /> Ipinapalagay na nanggaling ito sa [[Zoonosis|hayop]]. Isinisiwalat ng pag-aanalisang henetiko na karaniwang nagtitipun-tipon ang coronavirus sa genus ''[[Betacoronavirus]]'', sa subgenus [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus|''Sarbecovirus'']] (angkan B) kasama ng dalawang uri na galing-paniki. 96% magkahawig ito at buong antas ng [[genome]] sa mga ibang sampol ng coronavirus sa paniki (BatCov RaTG13).<ref name="WHO report 28 February 2020" /><ref name="bioRxivBatOrigin" /> Noong Pebrero 2020, natuklasan ng mga Tsinong mananaliksik na isa lamang ang nag-iibang [[asidong amino]] sa mga tiyak na bahagi ng pagkakasunud-sunod ng genome ng mga virus mula sa [[pangolins|pangolin]] at mula sa tao, ngunit natuklasan ng paghahambing ng buong genome sa kasalukuyan na 92% ang pinakamalaking porsyento ng ibinabahaging henetikong materyal sa pagitan ng coronavirus sa pangolin at SARS-CoV-2, na kulang upang patunayan na ang mga pangolin ay [[intermediate host|kalagitnaang host]].<ref name="ia56U" />
 
== Pagpipigil ==