Sa makabagong kapanahunan, ang gawaing pangkomersiyo ay lumipat magmula sa mga pangunahing mga ruta ng kalakalan ng [[Matandang Mundo]] papunta sa mas bagong mga ruta na nasa pagitan ng mga makabagong mga estadong bansa. Ang gawaing ito ay paminsan-minsang isinasagawa na walang nakaugaliang pagprutekta ng pangangalakal at nasa ilalim ng mga kasunduan ng pandaigdigang kalakalang malaya, na nagpahintulot sa mga kalakal na pangkalakal na makatawid sa mga hangganan na mayroong banayad na mga restriksiyon o pagbabawal.<ref name=Columbia2>[http://www.bartelby.org/65/fr/freetrad.html free trade. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05.]</ref> Ang mga transportasyong [[inobatibo]] ng modernong panahon ay kinabibilangan ng transporte o pagpapadala sa pamamagitan ng mga [[guhit ng tubo]] (linya ng tubo), at ang manaka-nakang nakikilalang pangangalakal na gumagamit ng mga [[rutang daambakal]], mga [[awtomobil]], at mga [[linyang panghihimpapawid]] na pangkargada.
== Mga sanggunian ==
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