Ika-13 dantaon: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago

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Linya 8:
 
Sa panahong ito, itinatag ni [[Genghis Khan]] ang [[Imperyong Mongol]], na sumakop mula [[Silangang Asya]] hanggang [[Silangang Europa]]. Binago ang kurso ng mundong [[Muslim]] ang mga pananakop ni [[Hulagu Khan]] at ibang mga pagsalakay ng Mongol, higit na kapansin-pansin ang Pagkubkob ng [[Baghdad]] (1258), ang pagwasak ng Bahay ng Karanungan at paghina ng mga Mamluk at Rum, na, sang-ayon sa mga dalubhasa sa kasayasayan, nagdulot ng paghina ng Ginuntuang Panahong [[Islam]]iko. May ibang mga kapangyarihang Muslim tulad ng [[Imperyong Mali]] at [[Sultanato ng Delhi]] ang sumakop sa malaking bahagi ng [[Kanlurang Aprika]] at [[subkontinenteng Indiyano]], habang nakaranas ang [[Budismo]] ng paghina. Sa kasaysayan ng kulturang Europeo, tinuturing ang panahon na ito bilang ang Mataas na [[Gitnang Panahon]].
 
== Significant people ==
 
[[Image:Kalojan desislava.jpg|thumb|Frescoes from the 13th-century [[Boyana Church]]]]
[[Image:Vepkhistkaosani zichy.jpg|thumb|Queen [[Tamar of Georgia|Tamar]]]]
[[File:Bichitr. Shaykh Mu'in al-Din Chishti Holding a Globe, detail of miniature from Minto Album, c. 1610-18, India, Chester Beatty Library, Dublin.jpg|thumb|Persian [[Islamic scholar]] [[Moinuddin Chishti|Mawlana Kwaja Moinuddin Chishti]]]]
* [[Abu Bakr (mansa)|Abu Bakr]], relative of [[Sundiata Keita]] who reclaimed the throne from his nephew and restored order to Mali
* [[Albertus Magnus]], German philosopher and theologian
* [[Alexander of Hales]], Franciscan friar and theologian
* [[Alexander Nevsky]], grand prince of [[Novgorod]] and [[Vladimir, Russia|Vladimir]]
* [[Alexios III Angelos]], Byzantine emperor
* [[Andrea of Grosseto]], Italian writer
* [[Anthony of Padua]], Portuguese Franciscan friar, bishop
* [[Baibars]], [[Mameluk]] sultan of Egypt
* [[Batu Khan]], [[Mongols|Mongol]] ruler and the founder of the [[Golden Horde]]
* [[Béla IV of Hungary]] rebuilder of Hungary after the devastating Mongol invasion
* [[Birger Jarl]], Swedish statesman, earl, and founder of Stockholm
* [[Bonaventure]], Franciscan theologian, bishop, and cardinal
* [[Moinuddin Chishti|Kwaja Moinuddin Chishti]], scholar, poet and descendant of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]]
* [[Cimabue]], Florentine painter
* [[Dante Alighieri]], Florentine writer and poet
* [[Dōgen]], priest, writer, poet, philosopher, and founder of the [[Sōtō]] school of [[Zen]]
* [[Saint Dominic|Dominic Guzman]], Spanish Catholic friar and founder of the [[Order of Preachers]]
* [[Edward I of England]], English king
* [[Elisabeth of Hungary]], Hungarian princess of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]]
* [[Enrico Dandolo]], [[doge]] of the Republic of Venice
* [[Fibonacci]], Italian mathematician known for discovering the [[Fibonacci sequence]]
* [[Francis of Assisi]], Umbrian founder of the [[Franciscan|Franciscan order]]
* [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]], emperor of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]
* [[Genghis Khan]], founder of the [[Mongol Empire]]
* [[Gertrude the Great]], German Catholic nun and spiritual writer
* [[Giotto di Bondone]], Italian painter
* [[Gregory X]], pope
* [[Haakon Haakonsson]], king of Norway from 1217 to 1263
* [[Henry III of England]], king
* [[Ibn al-Nafis]], Arab physician known for being the first to describe the [[pulmonary circulation]] of the [[blood]]
* [[Ibn Taymiyyah]], famous [[Hanbali]], [[Salafi]] scholar of Islam
* [[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]], pope
* [[Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen II]], emperor of Bulgaria
* [[Kaloyan of Bulgaria|Kaloyan]], emperor of Bulgaria
* [[Ken Arok]] (or Ken Angrok), founder and first ruler of the [[Singhasari]] (also Singasari) Kingdom
* [[Kublai Khan]], Mongol ruler, founder of the [[Yuan Dynasty]] in China
* [[Rumi|Jalal Uddin Muhammad Rumi]], scholar and famous poet
* [[Lasha Giorgi]], [[Giorgi IV Lasha|King Giorgi IV]] of Georgia
* [[Lembitu]], Estonian ruler
* [[Louis IX of France]], St. Louis, French king and crusader
* [[Madhvacharya]], Indian philosopher and chief proponent of the Dvaita school of Vaishnavism and Tattvavada, "the philosophy of reality"
* [[Manco Cápac]], first governor and founder of the [[Inca]] civilization in [[Cusco]]
* [[Marco Polo]], Venetian trader and explorer
* [[Mevlana]], philosopher and poet
* [[Nachmanides]], leading medieval Jewish scholar, [[Sephardic]] [[rabbi]], [[philosopher]], [[physician]], [[kabbalist]], and [[biblical commentator]]
* [[Nasreddin]], folk hero
* [[Petrus Peregrinus]], scientist
* [[Oduduwa]], first king of the [[Yorubaland]]
* [[Osman I]], Sultan, founder of [[Ottoman Empire]]
* [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]], [[List of rulers of Bohemia|king of Bohemia]]
* [[Ramon Llull]], Majorcan philosopher
* [[Robert Grosseteste]], English statesman, theologian, and scientist
* [[Roger Bacon]], Franciscan friar, philosopher, and scientist
* [[Rusudan of Georgia|Rusudan]], queen regnant of Georgia
* [[Sundiata Keita]], founder of the Manden Kurufaba ([[Mali Empire]])
* [[Sakoura Mansa|Mansa Sakura]], deposed Abubakari I of the Malian throne who then led an expansionist campaign
* [[Saadi (poet)|Saadi]], Persian poet
* [[Sinchi Roca]], Second [[Sapa Inca]] of the Kingdom of [[Cusco]]
* [[Snorri Sturluson]], historian and saga-writer
* [[Sri Indraditya]], credited as the founder of the first historical Siamese dynasty
* [[Queen Tamar|Tamara]], ruler of Georgia
* [[Saint Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]], Neapolitan Catholic friar and theologian
* [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke|William Marshal]], [[knight]] and statesman
* [[William Wallace]], Scottish national leader
* [[Yunus Emre]], Turkish poet and Sufi mystic
 
== Inventions, discoveries, introductions ==
*[[Timeline of historic inventions#13th century]]
* Early 13th century – [[Xia Gui]] paints ''Twelve Views from a Thatched Hut'', during the [[Southern Song dynasty]]. It is now kept at The [[Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art]], Kansas City, Missouri.
* The [[motet]] form originates out of the [[Ars antiqua]] tradition of [[Classical music|Western European music]].
* [[Manuscript culture]] develops out of this time period in cities in Europe, which denotes a shift from monasteries to cities for books.
* [[Manuscript culture#Pecia system|''Pecia'' system]] of copying books develops in Italian university-towns and was taken up by the University of Paris in the middle of the century.
* Wooden [[movable type]] printing invented by Chinese governmental minister [[Wang Zhen (official)|Wang Zhen]] in [[1298]].
* The earliest known [[rocket]]s, [[landmine]]s, and [[History of firearms|handguns]] are made by the Chinese for use in warfare.
* The Chinese adopt the [[windmill]] from the [[Islamic world]].
* [[Guan]] ware vase is made, [[Southern Song dynasty]]. It is now kept at [[Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art]], London.
* [[1280s]] – [[Eyeglasses]] are invented in Venice, Italy.
* Late 13th century – ''[[Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace]]'' is made during the [[Kamakura period]]. It is now kept at [[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]].
* Late 13th century – ''[[Descent of the Amida Trinity]]'', [[raigo]] [[triptych]], is made, Kamakura period. It is now kept at the [[Art Institute of Chicago]].
* The [[Neo-Aramaic]] languages begin to develop during the course of the century.
 
==Mga sanggunian==