Berlin: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago

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| foot_montage = '''Mula itaas, kaliwa pakanan''': [[Tiergarten, Berlin|Tiergarten]] skyline; [[Tarangkahang Brandenburgo]]; [[Katedral ng Berlin]]; [[Palasyo ng Charlottenburg]]; [[Pulo ng mga Museo]], at [[Toreng Pang-TV ng Berlin]]; [[Haligi ng Tagumpay ng Berlin|Haligi ng Tagumpay]]; [[Plaza Potsdam]]; at [[gusaling Reichstag]]
}}|image_shield=Coat of arms of Berlin.svg|shield_size=70px|pushpin_map=Germany#Europe|pushpin_relief=yes|pushpin_map_caption=Kinaroroonan sa Alemanya|coordinates={{coord|52|31|12|N|13|24|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}|image_flag=Flag_of_Berlin.svg|image_map={{maplink|frame=y|plain=yes|frame-align=center|type=shape<!--line-->|fill=#ffffff|fill-opacity=0|stroke-color=|stroke-width=2|frame-width=250|frame-height=300}}|total_type=Lungsod/Estado|area_total_km2=891.7|area_footnotes=<ref name="statoffice">{{cite web |access-date=2 May 2019 |title=Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg – Statistiken |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Statistiken/inhalt-statistiken.asp |website=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |language=de |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308125331/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Statistiken/inhalt-statistiken.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>|population_total=3769495|population_footnotes=<ref name="pop-detail"/>|population_as_of=Disyembre 31, 2020|population_urban=4473101|population_urban_footnotes=<ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=https://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=2021-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/https://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=2020-06-03|url-status=live}}</ref>|population_metro=6144600|population_metro_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/pms/2019/19-02-08.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827224549/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/pms/2019/19-02-08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 August 2021 |title=Bevölkerungsanstieg in Berlin und Brandenburg mit nachlassender Dynamik |date=8 February 2019 |website=statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de |publisher=Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg |access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>|elevation_m=34|population_demonyms=Berlines<br/>Berliner (m), Berlinerin (f) (Aleman)|blank_name_sec1=[[Gross regional product|GRP (nominal)]]|blank_info_sec1=€155 billion (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.statistikportal.de/en/node/649|title = Bruttoinlandsprodukt – in jeweiligen Preisen – 1991 bis 2020|website = www.statistikportal.de|access-date = 1 April 2021|archive-date = 1 April 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210401011816/https://www.statistikportal.de/en/node/649|url-status = live}}</ref>|blank1_name_sec1=GRP kada tao|blank1_info_sec1=€41,000 (2020)|blank2_name_sec2=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2018)|blank2_info_sec2=0.964<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|green|very high}} · [[List of German states by Human Development Index|2nd of 16]]|timezone1=[[Central European Time|CET]]|utc_offset1=+01:00|timezone1_DST=[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]|utc_offset1_DST=+02:00|blank_name_sec2=[[GeoTLD]]|blank_info_sec2=[[.berlin]]|website={{URL|www.berlin.de/en/}}|governing_body=[[Abgeordnetenhaus ng Berlin]]|leader_title=[[Namumunong Alkalde ng Berlin|Namumunong Alkalde]]|leader_party=SPD|leader_name=[[Franziska Giffey]]|geocode=[[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS Region]]: DE3|area_code=[[List of dialling codes in Germany#030 – Berlin|030]]|registration_plate=B{{NoteTag |1 = Prefixes for vehicle registration were introduced in 1906, but often changed due to the political changes after 1945. Vehicles were registered under the following prefixes: "I A" (1906&nbsp;– April 1945; devalidated on 11 August 1945); no prefix, only digits (from July to August 1945), "БГ" (=BG; 1945–46, for cars, trucks and busses), "ГФ" (=GF; 1945–46, for cars, trucks and busses), "БM" (=BM; 1945–47, for motor bikes), "ГM" (=GM; 1945–47, for motor bikes), "KB" (i.e.: [[Allied Kommandatura|Kommandatura]] of Berlin; for all of Berlin 1947–48, continued for [[West Berlin]] until 1956), "GB" (i.e.: Greater Berlin, for [[East Berlin]] 1948–53), "I" (for East Berlin, 1953–90), "B" (for West Berlin from 1 July 1956, continued for all of Berlin since 1990).}}|iso_code=DE-BE|official_name=Berlin}}Ang '''Berlin''' ay ang [[kabisera|kabesera]] ng [[Alemanya]]. May 3.7 milyong naninirahan dito, ito ang [[Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Alemanya batay sa populasyon|pinakamalaking lungsod]] sa bansa ayon sa lugar at populasyon<ref>{{Cite news |last=Milbradt |first=Friederike |date=6 February 2019 |title=Deutschland: Die größten Städte |language=de |work=[[Die Zeit]] (Magazin) |location=Hamburg |url=https://www.zeit.de/zeit-magazin/2019/07/flaechengroesste-staedte-deutschlandkarte |url-status=live |access-date=24 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213183401/https://www.zeit.de/zeit-magazin/2019/07/flaechengroesste-staedte-deutschlandkarte |archive-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 August 2019 |title=Leipzig überholt bei Einwohnerzahl Dortmund – jetzt Platz 8 in Deutschland |language=de |work=[[Leipziger Volkszeitung]] |location=Leipzig |url=https://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Leipzig-ueberholt-bei-Einwohnerzahl-Dortmund-jetzt-Platz-8-in-Deutschland |url-status=dead |access-date=24 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113070247/https://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Leipzig-ueberholt-bei-Einwohnerzahl-Dortmund-jetzt-Platz-8-in-Deutschland |archive-date=13 November 2019}}</ref>, at ang pinakamalaking lungsod ayon sa populasyon sa [[Kaisahang Yuropeo|Unyong Europeo]], ayon sa populasyon sa loob ng mga limitasyon ng lungsod.<ref name="pop-detail">{{Cite web |title=Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Dezember 2019 |trans-title=Statistical Report: Residents in the state of Berlin on 31 December 2019 |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223110544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=8 April 2020 |website=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |pages=4, 10, 13, 18–22 |language=de}}</ref> Isa sa [[Länder ng Alemanya|labing-anim na kinabibilangang estado]] ng Alemanya, ang Berlin ay napalilibutan ng [[Brandeburgo|Estado ng Brandenburg]] at kadugtong ng [[Potsdam]], ang kabesera ng Brandenburg. Ang urbanong pook ng Berlin, na may populasyon na humigit-kumulang 4.5 milyon, ay ang pangalawang pinakamataong urbanong pook sa Alemanya pagkatapos ng [[Ruhr]]. Ang [[Kalakhang Rehiyon ng Berlin/Brandenburg|kabeserang rehiyon ng Berlin-Brandenburg]] ay may humigit-kumulang 6.2 milyong mga naninirahan at ito ang [[Mga kalakhang rehiyon ng Alemanya|ikatlong pinakamalaking kalakhang rehiyon ng Alemanya]] pagkatapos ng mga rehiyon ng [[Rin-Ruhr]] at [[Francfort Rin-Main|Rin-Main]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2016 |title=Daten und Fakten zur Hauptstadtregion |url=https://www.berlin-brandenburg.de/metropolregion/daten-und-fakten/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321175940/https://www.berlin-brandenburg.de/metropolregion/daten-und-fakten/ |archive-date=21 March 2019 |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=www.berlin-brandenburg.de}}</ref> Nagkaroon ng [[Pag-iisa ng Berlin at Brandenburg|hindi matagumpay na pagtatangkang pag-isahin ang parehong estado noong 1996]], at sa kabila ng nananatiling hiwalay, ang dalawang estado ay nagtutulungan sa maraming bagay hanggang ngayon.
 
Ang Berlin ay tumatawid sa pampang ng [[Spree (ilog)|Spree]], na dumadaloy sa [[Havel]] (isang [[tributaryo]] ng [[Ilog Elba|Elbe]]) sa kanlurang boro ng [[Spandau]] . Kabilang sa mga pangunahing topograpikong tampok ng lungsod ay ang maraming lawa sa kanluran at timog-silangan na mga boro na nabuo ng [[Spree (ilog)|Spree]], [[Havel]], at [[Dahme (ilog)|Dahme]], na ang pinakamalakin ay ang [[Lawa ng Müggelsee|Lawa Müggelsee]]. Dahil sa lokasyon nito sa [[Kapatagang Europeo|European Plain]], ang Berlin ay naiimpluwensiyahan ng isang [[Klimang banayad|banayad na pana-panahong klima]]. Halos sangkatlo ng lugar ng lungsod ay binubuo ng mga kagubatan, [[Tala ng mga liwasan at hardin sa Berlin|liwasan, hardin]], ilog, kanal, at lawa.<ref name="gruen">{{Cite web |last=Senatsverwaltung für Umwelt, Verkehr und Klimaschutz Berlin, Referat Freiraumplanung und Stadtgrün |title=Anteil öffentlicher Grünflächen in Berlin |url=https://www.berlin.de/senuvk/umwelt/stadtgruen/gruenanlagen/de/daten_fakten/downloads/ausw_5.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225003118/https://www.berlin.de/senuvk/umwelt/stadtgruen/gruenanlagen/de/daten_fakten/downloads/ausw_5.pdf |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref> Ang lungsod ay nasa lugar ng diyalektong [[Gitnang Aleman]], ang [[Alemang Berlin|diyalekto ng Berlin]] ay isang varyant ng mga [[Mga diyalektong Lausitzisch-Neumärkisch|diyalektong Lausitzisch-Neumärkisch]].
 
Unang naidokumento noong ika-13 siglo at sa pagtawid ng dalawang mahalagang makasaysayang [[Ruta ng kalakalan|rutang pangkalakalan]],<ref name="staple">{{Cite web |date=August 2004 |title=Niederlagsrecht |trans-title=Settlement rights |url=https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlin-abc/stichwortehn/599-niederlagsrecht.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122025717/https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlin-abc/stichwortehn/599-niederlagsrecht.html |archive-date=22 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |publisher=Verein für die Geschichte Berlins |language=de}}</ref> Ang Berlin ay naging kabesera ng [[Margrabyado ng Brandenburg]] (1417 – 1701), ang [[Kaharian ng Prusya]] (1701–1918), ang [[Imperyong Aleman]] (1871). –1918), ang [[Republikang Weimar]] (1919–1933), at [[Alemanyang Nazi]] (1933–1945). Ang [[Berlin noong dekada '20]] ay ang ikatlong pinakamalaking munisipalidad sa mundo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2009 |title=Topographies of Class: Modern Architecture and Mass Society in Weimar Berlin (Social History, Popular Culture and Politics in Germany) |url=https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=23505 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706161901/https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=23505 |archive-date=6 July 2018 |access-date=9 October 2009 |publisher=www.h-net.org}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] at ang kasunod na pananakop nito ng mga matagumpay na bansa, nahati ang lungsod; ang [[Kanlurang Berlin]] ay naging isang de facto na [[Engklabo at eksklabo|eksklabo]] ng [[Kanlurang Alemanya]], na napapalibutan ng [[Pader ng Berlin]] (mula Agosto 1961 hanggang Nobyembre 1989) at teritoryo ng Silangang Aleman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Wall |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62202/Berlin-Wall |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630080628/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62202/Berlin-Wall |archive-date=30 June 2008 |access-date=18 August 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> Ang [[Silangang Berlin]] ay idineklara na kabesera ng Silangang Alemanya, habang ang [[Bonn]] ay naging kabiserakabesera ng Kanlurang Alemanya. Kasunod ng [[muling pag-iisang Aleman]] noong 1990, ang Berlin ay muling naging kabesera ng buong Alemanya.
 
Ang Berlin ay isang [[Lungsod pandaigdig|pandaigdigang lungsod]] ng [[Kultura ng Berlin|kultura]], [[Politika ng Berlin|politika]], [[Media ng Berlin|media]], at agham.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin – Capital of Germany |url=https://www.germany.info/Vertretung/usa/en/04__W__t__G/03/01/03/Feature__3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112204045/https://www.germany.info/Vertretung/usa/en/04__W__t__G/03/01/03/Feature__3.html |archive-date=12 January 2012 |access-date=18 August 2008 |website=German Embassy in Washington}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Davies |first=Catriona |date=10 April 2010 |title=Revealed: Cities that rule the world&nbsp;– and those on the rise |publisher=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2010/BUSINESS/04/10/cities.dominate.world/?hpt=C2 |url-status=live |access-date=11 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604014630/https://edition.cnn.com/2010/BUSINESS/04/10/cities.dominate.world/?hpt=C2 |archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sifton |first=Sam |date=31 December 1969 |title=Berlin, the big canvas |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/travel/22iht-22berlin.13882912.html |url-status=live |access-date=18 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412012910/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/travel/22iht-22berlin.13882912.html |archive-date=12 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=22 October 2009 |title=Global Power City Index 2009 |url=https://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Institute for Urban Strategies at the Mori Memorial Foundation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629143736/https://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2014 |access-date=29 October 2009}}</ref> Nakabatay ang [[Ekonomiya ng Berlin|ekonomiya]] nito sa mga [[High tech|high-tech]] na kompanya at [[Tersiyaryong sektor ng ekonomiya|sektor ng serbisyo]], na sumasaklaw sa magkakaibang hanay ng mga [[Malilikhaing industriya|malikhaing industriya]], pasilidad ng pananaliksik, mga korporasyon ng media at mga lugar ng kumbensiyon.<ref name="congress">{{Cite web |title=ICCA publishes top 20 country and city rankings 2007 |url=https://www.iccaworld.com/npps/story.cfm?ID=1577 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922094543/https://www.iccaworld.com/npps/story.cfm?ID=1577 |archive-date=22 September 2008 |access-date=18 August 2008 |website=ICCA}}</ref><ref name="Cityofdesign2">{{cite press release|url=https://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29376&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080816140547/https://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29376&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 August 2008|title=Berlin City of Design|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=18 August 2008}}</ref> Ang Berlin ay nagsisilbing isang kontinental na pusod para sa trapiko sa himpapawid at tren at may napakakomplikadong ugnayan ng pampublikong transportasyon. Ang metropolis ay isang sikat na destinasyong [[Turismo sa Alemanya|panturista]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=4 September 2014 |title=Berlin Beats Rome as Tourist Attraction as Hordes Descend |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-03/berlin-beats-rome-as-tourist-attraction-as-hordes-descend.html |url-status=live |journal=Bloomberg L.P. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911154443/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-03/berlin-beats-rome-as-tourist-attraction-as-hordes-descend.html |archive-date=11 September 2014 |access-date=11 September 2014}}</ref> Kabilang din sa mga makabuluhang industriya ang [[Teknolohiyang pang-impormasyon|IT]], mga [[parmasyutiko]], [[inhinyeriyang biyomedikal]], [[malinis na teknolohiya]], [[biyoteknolohiya]], konstruksiyon, at [[Elektronika|electronika]].
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Noong 1740, si Federico II, na kilala bilang [[Federico II ng Prusya|Federico ang Dakila]] (1740–1786), ay naluklok sa kapangyarihan.<ref name="Zaide19652">{{cite book|first=Gregorio F.|last=Zaide|title=World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq512SmGMIsC&pg=PA273|year=1965|publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc.|isbn=978-971-23-1472-8|page=273|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915200510/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq512SmGMIsC&pg=PA273|url-status=live}}</ref> Sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Federico II, ang Berlin ay naging sentro ng [[Panahon ng Kaliwanagan|Kaliwanagan]], ngunit saglit ding sinakop noong [[Digmaan ng Pitong Taon]] ng hukbong Ruso.<ref name="PerryChase20122">{{cite book|first1=Marvin|last1=Perry|first2=Myrna|last2=Chase|first3=James|last3=Jacob|first4=Margaret|last4=Jacob|first5=Theodore|last5=Von Laue|title=Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YYIJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA444|date=1 January 2012|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-133-70864-3|page=444|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914174457/https://books.google.com/books?id=YYIJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA444|url-status=live}}</ref> Kasunod ng tagumpay ng Pransiya sa [[Digmaan ng Ikaapat na Koalisyon|Digmaan ng Ika-apat na Koalisyon]], [[Pagbagsak ng Berlin (1806)|nagmartsa]] si [[Napoleon I ng Pransiya|Napoleon Bonaparte]] sa Berlin noong 1806, ngunit nagbigay ng nagsasariling pamahalaan sa lungsod.<ref name="Lewis20132">{{cite book|first=Peter B.|last=Lewis|title=Arthur Schopenhauer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6TBXX9KVtzsC&pg=PA57|date=15 February 2013|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-78023-069-6|page=57|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914174348/https://books.google.com/books?id=6TBXX9KVtzsC&pg=PA57|url-status=live}}</ref> Noong 1815, ang lungsod ay naging bahagi ng bagong [[Lalawigan ng Brandenburgo]].<ref name="StaffInc.20102">{{cite book|author1=Harvard Student Agencies Inc. Staff|author2=Harvard Student Agencies, Inc.|title=Let's Go Berlin, Prague & Budapest: The Student Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0YqD4ntvIC&pg=PA83|date=28 December 2010|publisher=Avalon Travel|isbn=978-1-59880-914-5|page=83|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914181704/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0YqD4ntvIC&pg=PA83|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Hinubog ng [[Rebolusyong Industriyal]] ang Berlin noong ika-19 na siglo; kapansin-pansing lumawak ang ekonomiya at populasyon ng lungsod, at naging pangunahing sentro ng riles at sentro ng ekonomiya ng Alemanya. Ang mga karagdagang suburb sa lalong madaling panahon ay umunlad at tumaas ang lugar at populasyon ng Berlin. Noong 1861, ang mga kalapit na suburb kasama ang [[Kasal (Berlin)|Wedding]], [[Moabit]], at ilang iba pa ay isinanib sa Berlin.<ref name="Schulte-Peevers20102">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|title=Lonel Berlin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKlXQS6c3p0C&pg=PA25|date=15 September 2010|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74220-407-9|page=25|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915214354/https://books.google.com/books?id=DKlXQS6c3p0C&pg=PA25|url-status=live}}</ref> Noong 1871, ang Berlin ay naging kabiserakabesera ng bagong itinatag na [[Imperyong Aleman]].<ref name="Stöver20132">{{cite book|first=Bernd|last=Stöver|title=Berlin: A Short History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LVA8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT20|date=2 October 2013|publisher=C.H.Beck|isbn=978-3-406-65633-0|page=20|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915200615/https://books.google.com/books?id=LVA8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT20|url-status=live}}</ref> Noong 1881, naging distritong lungsod ito na hiwalay sa Brandenburgo.<ref name="Strassmann20082">{{cite book|first=W. Paul|last=Strassmann|title=The Strassmanns: Science, Politics and Migration in Turbulent Times (1793–1993)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5cCuBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|date=15 June 2008|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-84545-416-6|page=26|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=10 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910121944/https://books.google.com/books?id=5cCuBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
=== Ika-20 hanggang ika-21 siglo ===
Linya 54:
[[Talaksan:Potsdamer_Platz_1945.jpg|left|thumb|Nawasak ang Berlin pagkatapos ng [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] ([[Potsdamer Platz]], 1945)]]
Noong 1933, si [[Adolf Hitler]] at ang [[Partidong Nazi|Partido Nazi]] ay [[Pag-angat sa kapangyarihan ni Adolf Hitler|naluklok sa kapangyarihan]]. Ang pamamahala ng NSDAP ay nagpabawas sa komunidad ng mga Hudyo ng Berlin mula 160,000 (isang-katlo ng lahat ng mga Hudyo sa bansa) sa humigit-kumulang 80,000 dahil sa pangingibang-bansa sa pagitan ng 1933 at 1939. Pagkatapos ng [[Kristallnacht]] noong 1938, libo-libong Hudyo ng lungsod ang ikinulong sa kalapit na [[kampong piitan ng Sachsenhausen]]. Simula noong unang bahagi ng 1943, marami ang ipinadala sa mga [[kampong piitan]], gaya ng [[Kampo ng konsentrasyon sa Auschwitz|Auschwitz]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Jewish Community of Berlin |url=https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005450 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708152027/https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005450 |archive-date=8 July 2017 |access-date=10 November 2018 |publisher=Holocaust Encyclopedia}}</ref> Ang Berlin ay ang pinakamabigat na binomba na lungsod sa kasaysayan. Sa panahon ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, ang malaking bahagi ng Berlin ay nawasak 1943–45 reyd sa himpapawid ng mga Alyado at sa 1945 [[Labanan ng Berlin]]. Ang mga Alyado ay naghulog ng 67,607 tonelada ng mga bomba sa lungsod, na sinira ang 6,427 ektarya ng tinayuang lugar. Humigit-kumulang 125,000 sibilyan ang napatay.<ref>{{Citation |last=Clodfelter |first=Micheal |title=Warfare and Armed Conflicts- A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000 |year=2002 |edition=2nd |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0-7864-1204-4}}</ref> Matapos ang [[Pagtatapos ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig sa Europa|pagtatapos ng digmaan sa Europa]] noong Mayo 1945, nakatanggap ang Berlin ng malaking bilang ng mga bakwit mula sa mga lalawigan sa Silangan. Hinati ng mga matagumpay na kapangyarihan ang lungsod sa apat na sektor, na kahalintulad sa mga lugar ng [[Alemanyang sakop ng mga Alyado|pananakop]] kung saan hinati ang Alemanya. Ang mga sektor ng [[Mga Alyado ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig|Kanluraning Alyado]] (ang Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, at Pransiya) ay nabuo ang [[Kanlurang Berlin]], habang ang [[Unyong Sobyetika|Sobyetikong sektor]] ang bumuo ng [[Silangang Berlin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benz |first=Prof. Dr. Wolfgang |date=27 April 2005 |title=Berlin – auf dem Weg zur geteilten Stadt |trans-title=Berlin – on the way to a divided city |url=https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/nationalsozialismus/dossier-nationalsozialismus/39619/das-geteilte-berlin?p=all |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110120432/https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/nationalsozialismus/dossier-nationalsozialismus/39619/das-geteilte-berlin?p=all |archive-date=10 November 2018 |access-date=10 November 2018 |publisher=Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung |language=de}}</ref>
 
Lahat ng apat na [[Mga Alyado ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig|Alyado]] ay nagbahagi ng mga tungkuling pampamahalaan para sa Berlin. Gayunpaman, noong 1948, nang palawigin ng Kanluraning Alyado ang reporma sa pera sa Kanlurang mga sona ng Alemanya sa tatlong kanlurang sektor ng Berlin, ang [[Unyong Sobyetika|Unyong Sobyetiko]] ay nagpataw ng [[Pagbangkulong ng Berlin|pagharang]] sa mga daanan patungo at mula sa Kanlurang Berlin, na ganap na nasa loob ng kontrolado ng Sobyet. teritoryo. Ang [[Pagbangkulong ng Berlin|airlift ng Berlin]], na isinagawa ng tatlong kanlurang Alyado, ay nagtagumpay sa pagharang na ito sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng pagkain at iba pang mga suplay sa lungsod mula Hunyo 1948 hanggang Mayo 1949.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Airlift / Blockade |url=https://www.western-allies-berlin.com/historic-events/detail/airlift-blockade |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318232831/https://www.western-allies-berlin.com/historic-events/detail/airlift-blockade |archive-date=18 March 2015 |access-date=18 August 2008 |publisher=Western Allies Berlin}}</ref> Noong 1949, itinatag ang Pederal na Republika ng Alemanya sa [[Kanlurang Alemanya]] at kalaunan ay isinama ang lahat ng mga sonang Amerikano, Briton, at Pranses, hindi kasama ang mga sona ng tatlong bansang iyon sa Berlin, habang ang [[Marxismo–Leninismo|Marxista-Leninistang]] [[Silangang Alemanya|Demokratikong Republikang Aleman]] ay idineklara sa [[Silangang Alemanya]]. Ang Kanlurang Berlin ay opisyal na nanatiling isang sinasakop na lungsod, ngunit ito ay nakahanay sa politika sa Republikang Federal ng Alemanya sa kabila ng heyograpikong paghihiwalay ng Kanlurang Berlin. Ang serbisyo ng himpapawid sa Kanlurang Berlin ay ipinagkaloob lamang sa mga kompanyang panghimpapawid ng mga Amerikano, Briton, at Pranses.
 
== Ekonomiya ==