Kalinangang tanyag: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago
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Ang '''kalinangang tanyag''' (Ingles: ''popular culture'', ''pop culture''), na tinatawag ding '''kalinangang bantog''', '''kulturang popular''', '''kulturang tanyag''', '''kulturang bantog''', '''kalinangang kinakatigan''', o '''kulturang kilala''', ay ang kabuuan ng mga [[ideya]], mga [[perspektibo (kognitibo)|pananaw]], mga [[ugali (sikolohiya)|saloobin]], mga ''[[:en:meme|meme]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=|http://library.thinkquest.org/C004367/ce6.shtml |title=Memes in popular culture |date= |publisher=[[Oracle Thinkquest]] |accessdate=Oktubre 1, 2010}}</ref> mga [[imahe]], at iba pang mga [[penomeno]] na winawaring pinipili at tinatangkilik ayon sa isang impormal na [[konsensus]] sa loob ng [[mainstream|pangunahing agos]] ng isang ibinigay na [[antropolohiyang pangkalinangan|kalinangan]], natatangi na ang sa [[kalinangang Kanluranin]] ng maaga hanggang kalagitnaan ng ika-20 daanton at ng lumilitaw at bumabangong pangunahing [[global]] na [[pangunahing daloy]] ng kultura noong hulihan ng ika-20 daantaon at kaagahan ng ika-21 daantaon. Ang kalipunang ito ng mga ideya, na mabigat na naimpluwensiyahan ng [[masa ng midya]], ay tumatagos at lumalagpas sa [[pang-araw-araw na buhay]] ng [[lipunan]].
Ang kalinangang tanyag ay kadalasang tinatanaw bilang pangkaraniwan at may kababaan ng antas (sa diwang "bakya" o hindi mataas ang uri) upang makahanap ng konsensuwal na pagtanggap sa kahabaan ng pangunahing daloy ng isang kultura. Bilang kinalabasan, sumailalim ito sa mabigat na kritisismo o pagbatikos ng sari-saring mga napakukunang wala sa pangunahing daloy ng kultura (higit na ang mga pangkat na [[pangrelihiyon]] at mga pangkat na [[countercultural|kontra-kultura]]) na humahatol dito bilang [[superpisyal]], [[konsumerista]], [[sensasyonalista]], at may katangian ng [[korupsiyon]] o [[kabulukan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.auburnpub.com/articles/2008/02/15/lake_life/lakelife05.txt |title=Teens for Jesus want wholesome pop culture |publisher=AuburnPub.com |date=2008-02-15 |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.truthxchange.com/article/spirit-wars-in-the-third-millennium/ |title=truthXchange Articles > Spirit Wars in the Third Millennium |publisher=Truthxchange.com |date= |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Darrell L. Bock and Daniel B. Wallace |url=http://www.rebeccasreads.com/Reviews/ReviewBockDethroningJesus.html |title=Rebecca's Reads - Darrell L. Bock & Daniel B. Wallace - Dethroning Jesus: Exposing Popular Culture's Quest to Unseat the Biblical Christ |publisher=Rebeccasreads.com |date= |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.calvin.edu/news/2000-01/eyes.htm |title=Calvin College: Calvin News |publisher=Calvin.edu |date=2001-03-15 |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cracked.com/article_16619_7-things-from-pop-culture-that-apparently-piss-jesus-off.html |title=7 Things From Pop Culture That Apparently Piss Jesus Off |publisher=Cracked.com |date= |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecampus.com/book/9780813344058 |title=Christotainment: Selling Jesus Through Popular Culture: Steinberg shirley R. : 9780813344058 : Book |publisher=eCampus.com |date=2009-02-21 |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tucker |first=Austin B. |url=http://www.preaching.com/resources/from_the_lectionary/11550972/ |title=Christian Living In A Pagan Culture |publisher=Preaching.com |date= |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishcalvinist.com/?p=1841 |title=Book Review- Jesus Made in America – Irish Calvinist |publisher=Irishcalvinist.com |date=2008-10-14 |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bateszi.animeuknews.net/2007/01/18/japans-increasingly-superficial-pop-culture/ |title=Japan’s increasingly superficial pop culture? | Bateszi Anime Blog |publisher=Bateszi.animeuknews.net |date=2007-01-18 |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref>
Ang katagang "kulturang popular" ay unang naimbento noong ika-19 daantaon o mas maaga pa<ref>Bagaman itinatala ito ng ''Oxford English Dictionary'' sa taong 1854, lumitaw ang kataga sa isang talumpati ni [[Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi]] noong 1818: {{cite book|title=The Address of Pestalozzi to the British Public|year=1818|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=i6BDAAAAcAAJ&lpg=PT10&ots=zoP9If56P5&d&pg=PT10#v=onepage&q&f=false|quote=''I see that it is impossible to attain this end without founding the means of popular culture and instruction upon a basis which cannot be got at otherwise than in a profound examination of Man himself; without such an investigation and such a basis all is darkness.'' (Nakikita kong imposibleng makamit ang hangaring ito na hindi nagtatatag ng mga pamamaraan ng kalinangang tanyag at tagubilin sa isang batayan na hindi makukuha maliban na lamang sa isang nakakaantig na pagsisiyasat sa tao mismo; kung walang ganyang pag-uusisa at ganyang batayan, ang lahat ay kadiliman.)}}</ref> upang tumukoy sa edukasyon at pangkalahatang "kakalinangan" o "kakulturahan" ng mga taong nasa [[mas mababang antas ng lipunan]]. Lumitaw rin ito isang talumpating ipinahayag sa [[Birmingham Town Hall|Bulwagang Pambayan ng Birmingham]] sa [[Inglatera]].<ref>Ayon kay Adam Siljeström, ''The educational institutions of the United States, their character and organization'', J. Chapman, 1853, p. 243: ''"Influence of European emigration on the state of civilization in the United States: Statistics of popular culture in America". [[John Morley]] presented an address ''On Popular Culture'' at the town hall of Birmingham in 1876, dealing with the education of the lower classes.''</ref> Ang kataga ay nagsimulang kuhanin at ariin ang kahulugan na bilang isang kalinangan ng mga taong nasa mababang antas ng lipunan na nakahiwalay mula sa (at paminsan-minsang laban sa) tinataguriang "tunay na edukasyon" hanggang sa pagsapit ng hulihan ng daantaong iyon,<ref>"Learning is dishonored when she stoops to attract," cited in a section "Popular Culture and True Education" in University extension, Issue 4, The American society for the extension of university teaching, 1894.</ref> isang paggamit na naging naitatag ng [[interbellum|kapanahunang nasa pagitan ng mga digmaan]].<ref>
e.g. "the making of popular culture plays [in post-revolutionary Russian theater]", Huntly Carter, ''The new spirit in the Russian theatre, 1917-28: And a sketch of the Russian kinema and radio, 1919-28, showing the new communal relationship between the three'', Ayer Publishing, 1929, p. 166.</ref> Ang pangkasalukuyang kahulugan ng kataga, isang kulturang para sa pagkonsumo ng masa o madla, iyong natatanging nagsimula sa [[Estados Unidos]], ay nailunsad at tumatag sa pagwawakas ng [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]].<ref>"one look at the sheer mass and volume of what we euphemistically call our popular culture suffices", from Winthrop Sargeant, 'In Defense of the High-Brow', an article from ''LIFE'' magazine, 11 Abril 1949, p. 102.</ref> Sa gawi sa wikang Ingles, ang ''popular culture'' ay pinaiiksi bilang ''pop culture'' o "kulturang pop" at "kalinangang pop", at ang naunang paggamit ay maipepetsang nasa dekada 1960.<ref>Gloria Steinem, 'Outs of pop culture', ''LIFE'' magazine, 20 Agosto 1965, p. 73.</ref>
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==Definitions==
There are multiple competing definitions of popular culture. [[John Storey (author)|John Storey]], in ''Cultural Theory and Popular Culture'', discusses six definitions. The [[quantitative property|quantitative]] definition of culture has the problem that much "[[high culture]]" (e.g. [[television]] dramatizations of [[Jane Austen]]) is widely favoured. "Pop culture" is also defined as the culture that is "left over" when we have decided what high culture is. However, many works straddle or cross the boundaries, e.g. [[Shakespeare]] and [[Charles Dickens]].
A third definition equates pop culture with [[Common People|Mass]] Culture. This is seen as a commercial culture, mass produced for mass consumption. From a Western European perspective, this may be compared to American culture. Alternatively, "pop culture" can be defined as an "authentic" culture of the people, but this can be problematic because there are many ways of defining the "people". Storey argues that there is a political dimension to popular culture; [[Neo-Gramscianism#Hegemony|neo-Gramscian hegemony]] theory "... sees popular culture as a site of struggle between the 'resistance' of subordinate groups in society and the forces of 'incorporation' operating in the interests of dominant groups in society." A [[postmodern]]ist approach to popular culture would "no longer recognize the distinction between high and popular culture".
Storey emphasizes that popular culture emerges from the urbanization of the industrial revolution, which identifies the term with the usual definitions of 'mass culture'. Studies of [[Shakespeare]] (by Weimann, Barber or Bristol, for example) locate much of the characteristic vitality of his drama in its participation in [[Renaissance]] popular culture, while contemporary practitioners like [[Dario Fo]] and [[John McGrath (playwright)|John McGrath]] use popular culture in its Gramscian sense that includes ancient folk traditions (the [[commedia dell'arte]] for example).<ref>Robert Weimann, ''Shakespeare and the Popular Tradition'' (1967)</ref><ref>Robert Shaughnessy, ''The Cambridge companion to Shakespeare and popular culture'' (2007) p. - Page 24</ref>
Popular culture changes constantly and occurs uniquely in place and [[time]]. It forms currents and eddies, and represents a complex of mutually interdependent perspectives and values that influence society and its institutions in various ways. For example, certain currents of pop culture may originate from, (or diverge into) a [[subculture]], representing perspectives with which the [[mainstream]] popular culture has only limited familiarity. Items of popular culture most typically appeal to a broad spectrum of the [[public]].
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==Mga sanggunian==
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