Mga Jebuseo

Ang Mga Jebuseo (Hebreo: יְבוּסִי‎, Moderno: Yevūsī, Tiberiano: Yəḇūsī ISO 259-3 Ybusi) ayon sa Aklat ni Josue at Aklat ni Samuel ng Lumang Tipan ay isang tribo ng mga Cananeo na tumira sa Herusalem na nakaraang tinawag na mga Jebus (Hebreo:Yəḇūs) bago ang pananakop ni Josue (Josue 11:3,12:10) at ni David(2 Samuel 5:6-10). Gayunpaman, ayon sa mga arkeologo at iskolar ng Bibliya, walang ebidensiya na ang tribong ito ay umiral sa kasaysayan at ang pananakop ni Josue ay hindi nangyari.

Pag-uugnay sa mga Jebus

Ang pag-uugnay ng mga Jebuz sa Herusalem^[1] ay sinalugnat ni Niels Peter Lemche. Ayon kay Lemche, ang bawat banggit ng Herusalem sa labas ng Bibliya ay tumutukoy rito bilang "Herusalem". Ang halimbawa nito ang Mga liham ng Amarna na ang ilan ay pinadala sa pinunon ng Herusalem na si Abdi-Heba na tumawa sa Herusalem na Urusalim (URU ú-ru-sa-lim) o Urušalim (URU ú-ru-ša₁₀-lim) (1330 BCE).^[2] Ayon din sa [[mga liham ng Amarna, ito ay tinawag Beth-Shalem o bahay ni Shalem.^[3]

Ang Sumero-Akkadiong pangalan ng Herusalem ay uru-salim,^[4] na pinakahulugang "pundasyon ng diyos na si Shalim mula sa Semitikong yry, na nangangahulugang "itatag" at Shalim na Diyos ng mga Cananeo ng pagsikat ng araw, mundong ilalim, kalusugan at kasakdalan.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Ayon kay Lemche:

Walang ebidensiya ng pag-iral ng Jebu o mga Jebuseo sa labas ng Lumang Tipan. Ang ilang mga iskolar ay tumuturing sa Jebu na ibang lugar sa Herusalem at iba ay nagsasabing ito ay isang uri ng pseudo-etnikong pangalan na walang anumang saligang historikal^[9]

Mga pag-aangkin

Ayon sa Palestinong si Yasser Arafat^[10] at Faisal Husseini^[11], ang mga Arabong Palestino ay nagmula o inapo ng mga Jebuseo upang pangatwiranan ang pag-aangkin na ang mga Palestinong Arabo na sila ang may pag-aari sa Herusalem at mas nauna sa mga Hudyong tumira rito.^[12] Gayunpaman, walang ebidensiyang historial, kultural, at henetiko na sumusuporta sa pag-aangking ito.^[13]Ayon sa iskolar na si Eric H. Cline, ang pangkalahatang pinag-aayunan ng mga historyan at arkeologo ay ang mga Palestino ay mas nauugnay sa mga Arabo ng Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Jordan at iba pang bansa.^[14]

Mga sanggunian

↑ (Joshua 15:8 Naka-arkibo 2016-03-04 sa Wayback Machine., 18:28 Naka-arkibo 2016-11-06 sa Wayback Machine.; Judges 19:10 Naka-arkibo 2016-11-12 sa Wayback Machine.)
↑ Urusalim e.g. in EA 289:014, Urušalim e.g. in EA 287:025. Transcription online at "The El Amarna Letters from Canaan". Tau.ac.il. Nakuha noong 11 Setyembre 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link); translation by Knudtzon 1915 (English in Percy Stuart Peache Handcock, Selections from the Tell El-Amarna letters (1920).
↑ See, e.g., Holman Bible Dictionary, op. cit. supra.
↑ See Victor P. Hamilton, The Book of Genesis, Chapters 1-17, p. 410 (1990). Hamilton also asserts that Sumerian uru is y^erû, meaning "city."
↑ Meir Ben-Dov, Historical Atlas of Jerusalem, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002, p. 23.
↑ Binz, Stephen J. (2005). Jerusalem, the Holy City. Connecticut, USA.: Twenty-Third Publications. p. 2. ISBN 9781585953653. Nakuha noong 17 Disyembre 2011. Jerusalem, the Holy City By Stephen J. Binz.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ See the Anchor Bible Dictionary for an extensive discussion with citations. "Archived copy". Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2014-02-21. Nakuha noong 2014-02-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ See Holman Bible Dictionary, http://www.studylight.org/dic/hbd/print.cgi?n=3384 ; National Geographic, http://education.nationalgeographic.com/media/file/Jerusalem_ED_Sheets.FasFacts.pdf Naka-arkibo 2014-02-21 sa Wayback Machine. ("As for the meaning of the name, it can be assumed to be a compound of the West Semitic elements "yrw" and "s[h]lm," probably to be interpreted as "Foundation of (the god) Shalem." Shalem is known from an Ugaritic mythological text as the god of twilight.").
↑ Lemche 2010, p. 161.
↑ Stefan Lovgren, "Jerusalem Strife Echoes Ancient History", National Geographic News, 29-10-2004
↑ Jeffrey Goldberg, Israel's Y2K Problem, The New York Times 03-10-1999
↑ Al-Mawsu'at Al-Filastinniya, vol. 2, p. 667 (As'ad Abdul Rahman ed. 1978) (Beirut: The Palestinian Encyclopedia Foundation). For additional references and citations, see David Wenkel, "Palestinians, Jebusites, and Evangelicals," Middle East Quarterly, Summer 2007, vol. 14, pp. 49–56.
↑ Wenkel, David (Hunyo 1, 2007). "Palestinians, Jebusites, and Evangelicals". Middle East Quarterly – sa pamamagitan ni/ng www.meforum.org.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Eric H. Cline, Jerusalem Besieged: From Ancient Canaan to Modern Israel (Univ. of Mich. Press, 2004), pp. 33–35, ISBN 0-472-11313-5.

[1] (Joshua 15:8 Naka-arkibo 2016-03-04 sa Wayback Machine., 18:28 Naka-arkibo 2016-11-06 sa Wayback Machine.; Judges 19:10 Naka-arkibo 2016-11-12 sa Wayback Machine.)

[2] Urusalim e.g. in EA 289:014, Urušalim e.g. in EA 287:025. Transcription online at "The El Amarna Letters from Canaan". Tau.ac.il. Nakuha noong 11 Setyembre 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link); translation by Knudtzon 1915 (English in Percy Stuart Peache Handcock, Selections from the Tell El-Amarna letters (1920).

[3] See, e.g., Holman Bible Dictionary, op. cit. supra.

[4] See Victor P. Hamilton, The Book of Genesis, Chapters 1-17, p. 410 (1990). Hamilton also asserts that Sumerian uru is y^erû, meaning "city."

[5] Meir Ben-Dov, Historical Atlas of Jerusalem, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002, p. 23.

[Stephen_J._Binz-6] Binz, Stephen J. (2005). Jerusalem, the Holy City. Connecticut, USA.: Twenty-Third Publications. p. 2. ISBN 9781585953653. Nakuha noong 17 Disyembre 2011. Jerusalem, the Holy City By Stephen J. Binz.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[7] See the Anchor Bible Dictionary for an extensive discussion with citations. "Archived copy". Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2014-02-21. Nakuha noong 2014-02-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[8] See Holman Bible Dictionary, http://www.studylight.org/dic/hbd/print.cgi?n=3384 ; National Geographic, http://education.nationalgeographic.com/media/file/Jerusalem_ED_Sheets.FasFacts.pdf Naka-arkibo 2014-02-21 sa Wayback Machine. ("As for the meaning of the name, it can be assumed to be a compound of the West Semitic elements "yrw" and "s[h]lm," probably to be interpreted as "Foundation of (the god) Shalem." Shalem is known from an Ugaritic mythological text as the god of twilight.").

[FOOTNOTELemche2010161-9] Lemche 2010, p. 161.

[National_Geographic_Jerusalem-10] Stefan Lovgren, "Jerusalem Strife Echoes Ancient History", National Geographic News, 29-10-2004

[11] Jeffrey Goldberg, Israel's Y2K Problem, The New York Times 03-10-1999

[12] Al-Mawsu'at Al-Filastinniya, vol. 2, p. 667 (As'ad Abdul Rahman ed. 1978) (Beirut: The Palestinian Encyclopedia Foundation). For additional references and citations, see David Wenkel, "Palestinians, Jebusites, and Evangelicals," Middle East Quarterly, Summer 2007, vol. 14, pp. 49–56.

[Wenkel-13] Wenkel, David (Hunyo 1, 2007). "Palestinians, Jebusites, and Evangelicals". Middle East Quarterly – sa pamamagitan ni/ng www.meforum.org.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[14] Eric H. Cline, Jerusalem Besieged: From Ancient Canaan to Modern Israel (Univ. of Mich. Press, 2004), pp. 33–35, ISBN 0-472-11313-5.

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