Imperyong Timurida: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago

==Kalinangan==

[[File:Timur reconstruction01.jpg|thumb|Si Timur – Porenseng rekonstruksyon ng mukha ni M. Gerasimov, 1941]]

===Wika===

Noong panahong Timurida, sumanga ang lipunang Gitnang Asya, na may responsibilidad ng pamahalaan at ang pamamahala ay nahati sa militar at sibilyang kalagayan kasabay ng mga etnikong linya. Noong mga unang mga yugto, ekslusibong halos Turko-Mongol ang militar, habang eksklusibong Persyano ang sibilyan at administratibong elemento. Ang sinasalitang wika na binabahagi ng lahat ng Turko-Mongol sa buong lugar ay Chaghatay. Nakinig ang mga pampolitikang organisasyon sa kapatagang-nomadikong sistema ng pagtangkilik na ipinakilala ni [[Genghis Khan]].<ref>''The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor''. Sinalin, pinatnugot, at kinomentaryo ni W. M. Thackston (2002). Modern Library. (sa Ingles)</ref> Bagaman, [[wikang Persiyano|Persiyano]] ang pangunahing [[wika]] ng panahon na iyon, na katutubong wika ng mga Tājīk (Persyano) na bahagi ng lipunan at ang wika ng pag-aaral na kinuha sa pamamagitan ng literato o urbanong mga tao. Babad na si Timur sa kulturang Persyano<ref>Gérard Chaliand, ''Nomadic Empires: From Mongolia to the Danube'', translated by A. M. Berrett, Transaction Publishers, 2004. p. 75 (sa Ingles)</ref> at sa karamihan ng mga teritoryo, sinama niya ito, at Persyano ang pangunahing wika ng pamamahala at panitikang kalinangan. Samakatuwid, ang wika ng nanirahang "diwan" ay Persyano, at mga eskriba nito ay kailangang lubos na sanay sa kulturang Persyano, kahit ano man ang kanilang etnikong pinagmulan.<ref>Beatrice Forbes Manz. The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge University Press, 1999. p. 109: "In Temür's government, as in those of most nomad dynasties, it is impossible to find a clear distinction between civil and military affairs, or to identify the Persian bureaucracy solely civil, and the Turko-Mongolian solely with military government. It is in fact difficult to define the sphere of either side of the administration and we find Persians and Chaghatays sharing many tasks. (In discussiong the settled bureaucracy and the people who worked within it I use the word Persian in a cultural rather than ethnological sense. In almost all the territories which Temür incorporated into his realm Persian was the primary language of administration and literary culture. The language of the settled population and the chancery ("diwan") was Persian, and its scribes had to be thoroughly adept in Persian culture, whatever their ethnic origin.) Temür's Chaghatay emirs were often involved in civil and provincial administration and even in financial affairs, traditionally the province of Persian bureaucracy." (sa Ingles)</ref> Ang Persyano ang naging opisyal na estadong wika ng Imperyong Timurida<ref name="Muhakamat Al-Lughatain"/><ref name=Iranica2a>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Spuler |first=Bertold |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/central-asia-v |title=Central Asia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |accessdate=2008-04-02 |quote=[Part] v. In the Mongol and Timurid periods:&nbsp;... Like his father, Olōğ Beg was entirely integrated into the Persian Islamic cultural circles, and during his reign Persian predominated as the language of high culture, a status that it retained in the region of Samarqand until the Russian revolution 1917&nbsp;... Ḥoseyn Bāyqarā encouraged the development of Persian literature and literary talent in every way possible&nbsp;...|language=en }}</ref> at nagsilbi bilang wika ng pamamahala, [[kasaysayan]], panitikan at [[panulaan]].<ref name="EI - Manz">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Timurids |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher=Brill Publishers |year=2007 |quote=During the Timurid period, three languages, Persian, Turkish, and Arabic were in use. The major language of the period was Persian, the native language of the Tajik (Persian) component of society and the language of learning acquired by all literate and/or urban Turks. Persian served as the language of administration, history, belles lettres, and poetry.|author1=B. F. Manz |author2=W. M. Thackston |author3=D. J. Roxburgh |author4=L. Golombek |author5=L. Komaroff |author6=R. E. Darley-Doran |language=en}}</ref> Katutubo at "wika sa tahanan" ang Chaghatay sa pamilyang Timurida,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Timurids |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher=Brill Publishers |edition=Online |year=2007 |quote=What is now called Chaghatay Turkish, which was then called simply türki, was the native and 'home' language of the Timurids&nbsp;... |author1=B. F. Manz |author2=W. M. Thackston |author3=D. J. Roxburgh |author4=L. Golombek |author5=L. Komaroff |author6=R. E. Darley-Doran|language=en }}</ref> habang nagsilbi ang [[wikang Arabe|Arabe]] bilang wikang ''par excellence'' ng [[agham]], [[pilosopiya]], [[teologo]], at ang [[relihiyoso]]ng agham.<ref name="EI - Manz2">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Timurids |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher=Brill Publishers |edition=Online |year=2007 |quote=As it had been prior to the Timurids and continued to be after them, [[Arabic language|Arabic]] was the language par excellence of science, philosophy, theology and the religious sciences. Much of the astronomical work of Ulugh Beg and his co-workers&nbsp;... is in Arabic, although they also wrote in Persian. Theological works&nbsp;... are generally in Arabic. |author1=B. F. Manz |author2=W. M. Thackston |author3=D. J. Roxburgh |author4=L. Golombek |author5=L. Komaroff |author6=R. E. Darley-Doran |language=en}}</ref>