Wikang Pastun

Ang wikang Pastun (Ingles na pagbigkas: /ˈpʌʃt/,[7][8][9] iba sa /ˈpæʃt/; [Note 1][Note 2] پښتو; Pax̌tō; ˈpəʂt̪oː), lumang pangalang wika ay Afghānī (افغانى)[12] o Paṭhānī,[13] ay isang Timog-Sentral Asya na wika ng Pastun. Ang mananalita ay tinawag din bilang Pashtun o Pukhtun at sa ilan ay Afghan o Pathan.[1] Ito ay isang wikang Silangang Iranian, na may pamilyang wika na Indo-European.

Pastun
پښتو
Pax̌tō
Pashto.svg
Ang salitang Pax̌tō ay nasusulat sa Alapabetong Pastun
Pagbigkasˈpəʂt̪oː], [ˈpʊxt̪oː
Sinasalitang katutubo saAfghanistan, Pakistan, at sa Pashtun diaspora
EtnisidadPashtun, Pathan, Afghan[1]
Mga katutubong
tagapagsalita
40–60 milyon (2007–2009)[2][3][4]
Pamilyang wika
Indo-European
  • Wikang Indo-Iranian
    • Wikang Iranian
      • Silangang Wikang Iranian
        • Pastun
Mga pamantayang anyo
Sentral na Pastun
Hilagang Pastun
Timog na Pastun
Mga wikain/diyalekto20 diyalekto
Sistema ng pagsulat
Opisyal na katayuan
Opisyal na wika sa Afghanistan[5]
Kinikilalang wikang pang-minoridad sa Pakistan
Provincial in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and Northern Balochistan
Kinokontrol ngAcademy of Sciences of Afghanistan
Pashto Academy, University of Peshawar[6]
Mga kodigong pangwika
ISO 639-1ps
ISO 639-2pus
ISO 639-3pusinclusive code
Individual codes:
pst – Sentral na Pastun
pbu – Hilagang Pastun
pbt – Timog na Pastun
wne – [[Wikang Wanetsi]]
Linggwaspera58-ABD-a

Mga notaBaguhin

  1. The only American pronunciation listed by Oxford Online Dictionaries, IPA: /ˈpæʃtoʊ/,[10] is so rare that it is not even mentioned by the American Heritage and Merriam-Webster dictionaries.
  2. Ilan ay inispell bilang "Pushtu" o "Pushto",[8][9] at ang pananalita ay magkapareho.[11] or differently.[8][9] The spelling "Pakhto" is so rare that it is not even mentioned by any major English dictionaries or even recognized by major English-Pashto dictionaries such as Thepashto.com, and it is specifically listed by Ethnologue.com only as an alternative name for Northern Pashto, not Southern or Central Pashto.

Mga sanggunianBaguhin

  1. 1.0 1.1 Claus, Peter J.; Diamond, Sarah; Ann Mills, Margaret (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. pa. 447. ISBN 9780415939195.
  2. Penzl, Herbert; Ismail Sloan (2009). A Grammar of Pashto a Descriptive Study of the Dialect of Kandahar, Afghanistan. Ishi Press International. pa. 210. ISBN 0-923891-72-2. Nakuha noong 2010-10-25. Sipi: Estimates of the number of Pashto speakers range from 40 million to 60 million...
  3. Nationalencyklopedin "Världens 100 största språk 2007" The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007 (39 million)
  4. Padron:ELL2
  5. Constitution of Afghanistan – Chapter 1 The State, Article 16 (Languages) and Article 20 (Anthem)
  6. Sebeok, Thomas Albert (1976). Current Trends in Linguistics: Index. Walter de Gruyter. pa. 705.
  7. "Dictionary and Thesaurus - Merriam-Webster". merriam-webster.com. Nakuha noong 18 July 2016.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Company, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing. "The American Heritage Dictionary entry: Pashto". ahdictionary.com. Nakuha noong 18 July 2016.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Pashto" Naka-arkibo 2016-05-30 sa Wayback Machine. in Oxford Online Dictionaries, UK English
  10. "Pashto" Naka-arkibo 2016-05-29 sa Wayback Machine. in Oxford Online Dictionaries, US English
  11. "Pashto - Definition, meaning & more - Collins Dictionary". collinsdictionary.com. Nakuha noong 18 July 2016.
  12. John Leyden, Esq. M.D.; William Erskine, Esq., mga pat. (1921). "Events Of The Year 910 (1525)". Baburnama. Packard Humanities Institute. pa. 5. Tinago mula sa orihinal noong 2012-11-14. Nakuha noong 2012-01-10. Sipi: To the south is Afghanistān. There are eleven or twelve different languages spoken in Kābul: Arabic, Persian, Tūrki, Moghuli, Hindi, Afghani, Pashāi, Parāchi, Geberi, Bereki, and Lamghāni.
  13. India. Office of the Registrar General (1961). Census of India, 1961: Gujarat. Manager of Publications. pa. 142, 166, 177.

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