Plioseno

Pliocene
Pliocene
5.333 ± 0.08 – 2.58 ± 0.04 milyong taon ang nakakalipas PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Kronolohiya
←	Messinian salinity crisis
←	North American prairie expands
	Subdivision of the Neogene according to the ICS, as of 2021.; Vertical axis: millions of years ago.;
Etimolohiya
Pormal	Formal
Impormasyon sa paggamit
Celestial body	Daigdig
Paggamit panrehiyon	Global (ICS)
Ginamit na iskala ng panahon	ICS Time Scale
Kahulugan
Yunit kronolohikal	Epoch
Yunit stratigrapiko	Series
Pormal na time span	Formal
Kahulugan ng mababang hangganan	Base of the Thvera magnetic event (C3n.4n), which is only 96 ka (5 precession cycles) younger than the GSSP
Lower boundary GSSP	Heraclea Minoa section, Heraclea Minoa, Cattolica Eraclea, Sicily, Italy; 37°23′30″N 13°16′50″E / 37.3917°N 13.2806°E
GSSP ratified	2000
Upper boundary definition	Base of magnetic polarity chronozone C2r (Matuyama); Extinction of the Haptophytes Discoaster pentaradiatus and Discoaster surculus;
Upper boundary GSSP	Monte San Nicola Section, Gela, Sicily, Italy; 37°08′49″N 14°12′13″E / 37.1469°N 14.2035°E
GSSP ratified	2009 (as base of Quaternary and Pleistocene)

Ang Plioseno (Ingles: Pliocene ( /ˈplaɪ.əsiːn/; makaluma ay Pleiocene at may simbolong P_O^[6]) ang epoch sa iskala ng panahong heolohiko na sumasaklaw mula 5.332 milyon hanggang 2.588^[7] milyong mga taon bago ang kasalukuyan. Ito ang ikalawa at pinakabatang epoch ng Panahong Neoheno sa era na Cenozoic. Ang Plioseno ay sumusunod sa epoch na Mioseno at sinusundan ng epoch na Pleistoseno. Bago ang 2009 pagbabago ng iskala ng panahong heolohiko na naglalagan ng 4 buo ng pinaka kamakailang pangunahing mga pagyeyelo sa loob ng Pleistoseno, ang Plioseno ay binubuo rin ng yugtong Holoseno na tumagal mula 2.588 hanggang 1.805 milyong taon ang nakalilipas. Gaya ng ibang mga mas matandang panahong heolohiko, ang strata na naglalarawan ng simula at wakas nito ay mahusay na tukoy ngunit ang mga eksaktong petsa ng simula at wakas ay katamtamang hindi matiyak. Ang mga hangganang naglalarawan ng pagsisimula ng Plioseno ay hindi inilagay sa isang madaling matukoy na pandaigdigang pangyayari kundi sa mga hangganang pang-rehiyon sa pagitan ng katamtamang init na Mioseno at relatibong mas malamig na Pleistoseno. Ang itaas na hangganan ay inilagay sa simula ng mga pagyeyerlong Pleistoseno.

Mga sanggunian

↑ Krijgsman, W.; Garcés, M.; Langereis, C. G.; Daams, R.; Van Dam, J.; Van Der Meulen, A. J.; Agustí, J.; Cabrera, L. (1996). "A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 142 (3–4): 367–380. Bibcode:1996E&PSL.142..367K. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Retallack, G. J. (1997). "Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–390. doi:10.2307/3515337. JSTOR 3515337. Nakuha noong 2008-02-11.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ "ICS Timescale Chart" (PDF). www.stratigraphy.org.
↑ Van Couvering, John; Castradori, Davide; Cita, Maria; Hilgen, Frederik; Rio, Domenico (Setyembre 2000). "The base of the Zanclean Stage and of the Pliocene Series" (PDF). Episodes. 23 (3): 179–187. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i3/005.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Gibbard, Philip; Head, Martin (Setyembre 2010). "The newly-ratified definition of the Quaternary System/Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification" (PDF). Episodes. 33 (3): 152–158. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2010/v33i3/002. Nakuha noong 8 Disyembre 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ "Geologic Age Symbol Font (StratagemAge)" (PDF). USGS. 99-430. Nakuha noong 2011-06-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ See the 2009 version of the ICS geologic time scale

[Krijgsman1996-1] Krijgsman, W.; Garcés, M.; Langereis, C. G.; Daams, R.; Van Dam, J.; Van Der Meulen, A. J.; Agustí, J.; Cabrera, L. (1996). "A new chronology for the middle to late Miocene continental record in Spain". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 142 (3–4): 367–380. Bibcode:1996E&PSL.142..367K. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[Retallack1997-2] Retallack, G. J. (1997). "Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–390. doi:10.2307/3515337. JSTOR 3515337. Nakuha noong 2008-02-11.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[3] "ICS Timescale Chart" (PDF). www.stratigraphy.org.

[vancouvering_etal_2000-4] Van Couvering, John; Castradori, Davide; Cita, Maria; Hilgen, Frederik; Rio, Domenico (Setyembre 2000). "The base of the Zanclean Stage and of the Pliocene Series" (PDF). Episodes. 23 (3): 179–187. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2000/v23i3/005.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[5] Gibbard, Philip; Head, Martin (Setyembre 2010). "The newly-ratified definition of the Quaternary System/Period and redefinition of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch, and comparison of proposals advanced prior to formal ratification" (PDF). Episodes. 33 (3): 152–158. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2010/v33i3/002. Nakuha noong 8 Disyembre 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[6] "Geologic Age Symbol Font (StratagemAge)" (PDF). USGS. 99-430. Nakuha noong 2011-06-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[ICS2009-7] See the 2009 version of the ICS geologic time scale

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