Tagagamit:Leeheonjin/burador
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Korean Reunification Thesaurus
남북 통일 유의어 사전 (南北統一類義語辭典)
북남통일 류의어사전 (北南統一類義語辭典)
Southern Term 표준어 標準語 |
Northern Term 문화어 文化語 |
Foreign Language Equivalent | Notes / Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
갹 | 거 | 醵 | Feast Contribution (?) |
거위 | 케사니 | Goose | |
골키퍼 | 문지기 | Goalkeeper | "문지기" (munjigi) in south will just mean "gatekeeper" or "doorkeeper" |
규율 | 규률 | Discipline, Rules, Order (規律) | |
나뭇잎 | 나무잎 | Leaf | Both are pronounced as "나문닙" (namunnip) though |
낙동강 | 락동강 | Nakdong River (洛東江) | |
낙원 | 락원 | Paradise (樂園) | |
낙하 | 락하 | Downfall (落下) | |
노동자 | 로동자 | Worker (勞動者) | |
노인 | 로인 | Elderly Person (老人) | This is neutral in the north, while it is pejorative in the south |
네덜란드 | 네데를란드 | The Netherlands (Nederland) | Both directly derived from Dutch |
냉면 | 랭면 | Cold Noodles (冷麵) | |
냉수 | 랭수 | Cold Water (冷水) | |
농구 | 롱구 | Basketball (籠球) | |
주스 | 단물 | Juice | "단물" (danmul) in the south means "sweet water" and "honeydew" |
덩크 슛 | 꽂아넣기 | Dunk Shoot | |
도시락 | 곽밥 | Lunch (box) | |
도쿄 | 도꾜 | Tokyo (東京) | Traditionally "동경", though the latter may also mean "East Longitude" (東經) or "Copper Mirror" (銅鏡) |
독일 | 도이췰란드 | Germany (Deutschland) | The southern name "독일" (dogil) is the Korean pronunciation of the former Japanese name "獨逸" (doitsu, now largely superseded by its Katakana form ドイツ). The compound coined by the Japanese was adapted into Korean, so its characters 獨逸 are not pronounced do+itsu as in Japanese, but dok+il = Dogil. Until the 1980s, southern primary textbooks adopted "도이칠란트" (do'ichillanteu) which approximates the German pronunciation [ˈdɔʏtʃ.lant] of Deutschland. The official northern name "도이췰란드" (toich'willandŭ) approximates the German pronunciation [ˈdɔʏtʃ.lant] of Deutschland. Traditionally "독일" had been used in the north until the 1990s. Use of the Chinese name "德國" (in its Korean pronunciation "덕국" [deokguk]) is attested for the early 20th century, though is now obsolete. |
라디오 | 라지오 | Radio (ラジオ) | |
러시아 | 로씨야 | Russia (Россия) | The southern term was derived from English, whereas the northern was from Russian |
루마니아 | 로므니아 | Romania (România) | The southern term was derived from the English obsolete spelling "Rumania" |
레일 | 레루 | Rail (レール) | |
마그마 | 돌물 | Magma | GLOSS: "돌" (stone), "물" (water) |
망치 | 마치 | Hammer | |
메조소프라노 | 녀성중음 | Mezzo Soprano (女性中音) | GLOSS: "녀성" (female), "중" (centre, middle), "음" (voice, sound) |
멕시코 | 메히꼬 | Mexico (México, Méjico) | |
몌별 | 메별 | Sad Separation (袂別) | Where a Hanja is written 몌 [mje] or 폐 [pʰje] in the South, this is written 메 [me], 페 [pʰe] in the North (but even in the South, these are pronounced 메 /me/, 페) /pʰe/. |
바르샤바 | 와르샤와 | Warsaw (Warszawa) | |
바리톤 | 남성중음 | Baritone (男性中音) | GLOSS: "남성" (male), "중" (centre, middle), "음" (voice, sound) |
방글라데시 | 방글라데슈 | Bangladesh | |
벚꽃 | 벗꽃 | Cherry Blossom | In the south, the spelling catches the word as the combination of "벚" (beot) and "꽃" (kkot), but in the north, this is no longer recognised and thus the word is written as pronounced as "벗꽃" (same as in the south) |
베이스 | 남성저음 | Bass(男性低音) | GLOSS: "남성" (male), "저" (low, beneath), "음" (voice, sound) |
베트남 | 윁남 | Vietnam (Việt Nam) | Traditionally "월남" (越南, wolnam) |
벨라루스 | 벨라루씨 | Belarus (Беларусь) | |
불가리아 | 벌가리아 | Bulgaria (Болгария) | The northern term was derived from Russian; the Bulgarian term though is "България" (Bŭlgariya) |
브뤼셀 | 브류쎌 | Brussels (Brussel) | |
블라디보스토크 | 울라지보스또끄 | Vladivostok (Владивосток) | |
비디오 | 비데오 | Video (ビデオ) | |
비디오 테이프 레코더 | 록화기 | Video Tape Recorder (VTR) | |
상추 | 부루 | Lettuce | |
샴푸 | 머리물비누 | Shampoo | GLOSS: "머리" (hair, head), "물" (water, liquid), "비누" (soap) |
세르비아 | 쓰르비아, 쎄르비아 | Serbia (Србија) | "쓰르비아" was derived from Serbian "Србија" (Srbija); "쎄르비아" from Russian "Сербия" (Serbiya) |
소비에트 연방 (소련) | 쏘베트련맹 (쏘련) | Soviet Union | The northern term "쏘베트" (ssobeteu) came from the Russian word "Совет" (Sovet) which literally means "council" "소련" and "쏘련" are both "蘇聯" in Hanja; "연방" (yeonbang) is "聯邦", and "련맹" (ryonmeng) is "聯盟" which both mean union or confederation |
소프라노 | 녀성고음 | Soprano (女性高音) | GLOSS: "녀성" (female), "고" (high), "음" (voice, sound) |
수레 | 달구지 | Wagon | |
스웨덴 | 스웨리예 | Sweden (Sverige) | |
스킨 로션 | 살결물 | Skin Lotion | GLOSS: "살결" (complexion, flesh), "물" (water, liquid) |
스타킹 | 살양말, 스토킹 | Stocking | "스타킹" (seutaking) is from American English; "스토킹" (sŭt'ok'ing) from British English |
스파게티 | 스빠게띠 | Spaghetti | |
스페인 | 에스빠냐 | Spain (España) | Existence of "서반아" (西班牙, seobana) uncertain |
시리아 | 수리아 | Syria (سوريا) | |
실리케이트 | 실리카트 | Silicate (Силикат) | |
아랍에미리트 | 아랍추장국 | United Arab Emirates | "酋長國" is the Hanja form of "추장국" (chujangguk) |
아이스크림 | 얼음보숭이, 얼음과자 | Ice Cream | GLOSS: "얼음" (ice), "과자" (confectionery[?]) |
아이티 | 아이띠 | Haiti (Haïti) | |
아파트 | 문화주택, 아빠트 | Apartment, Flat (文化住宅, アパート) | GLOSS: "문화" (culture), "주택" (housing, residential) |
알토, 콘트랄토 | 녀성저음 | Alto, Contralto (女性低音) | GLOSS: "녀성" (female), "저" (low, beneath), "음" (voice, sound) |
양강도 | 량강도 | Ryanggang Province (兩江道) | The official Romanisation (McCune-Reischauer) is "Ryanggang-do" since the province is currently under effective jurisdiction of the northern government; however, in the south, it is romanised (Revised Romanisation) as "Yanggang-do", and is regarded as part of North Hamgyong Province (함경북도, 咸鏡北道) though |
에너지 | 에네르기 | Energy (エネルギー) | |
여성 | 녀성 | Female (女性) | |
역량 | 력량 | Competence, Strength (力量) | |
여인숙 | 려인숙 | Travelers' Inn | |
역사 | 력사 | History (歷史) | |
연결 | 련결 | Connection, Link (聯結) | |
연습 | 련습 | Practice, Workout (練習) | |
연합 | 련합 | Coalition | |
연합 | 련합 | Coalition (聯合) | |
열차 | 렬차 | Train (列車) | |
예의 | 례의 | Courtesy, Etiquette, Manners | |
옥수수 | 강냉이 | Corn | "강냉이" (gangnaeng'i) is also heard in some southern dialects of Korean |
올바르다 | 옳바르다 | Upright | ol| part shows that the etymological origin is forgotten, and the word is written as pronounced as 올바르다 (olbaɾeuda); in the North, the first part is seen to come from 옳다 (olhda) and thus, the whole word is written 옳바르다 (pronounced the same as in the South) |
요리 | 료리 | Cuisine (料理) | |
우즈베키스탄 | 우즈베끼스딴 | Uzbekistan (Узбекистан) | |
울란바토르 | 울란바따르 | Ulan Bator (Улаанбаатар) | The northern term was derived from Mongolian "Улаанбаатар" (Ulaanbataar) |
원피스 | 달린옷 | One-Piece Dress | |
위 | 우 | On, Above | |
이발소 | 리발소 | Barber's Shop (理髮所) | |
이승 | 니승 | Nun, Priestess (尼僧) | |
이유 | 리유 | Reason (理由) | |
이집트 | 에짚트 | Egypt | Traditionally "애급" (埃及, aegeup) |
이탈리아 | 이딸리아 | Italy (Italia) | Existence of "의대리" (意大利, euidaeri) uncertain |
이혼 | 리혼 | Divorce (離婚) | |
일곱 | 닐곱 | Seven | |
젓가락 | 저가락 | Chopsticks | Both can either be pronounced as "젇까락" [tɕʌt̚k͈aɾak̚] or "저까락" [tɕʌk͈aɾak̚] |
체코슬로바키아 | 체스꼬슬로벤스꼬 | Czechoslovakia (Československo) | |
초등학교 | 소학교 | Elementary School(初等學校, 小學校) | |
친구 | 동무 | Friend (親舊, 同務) | The word "동무" (dongmu) that is used to mean "friend" in the North was originally a native Korean word used across the whole of Korea, but after the division of Korea, the north began to use it as a translation of the Russian term "Товарищ" (Tovarishch, "comrade" or "friend"), and since then, the word has come to mean "comrade" in the south as well and has fallen out of use there. |
카이로 | 까히라 | Cairo (القاهرة) | |
카타르 | 까타르 | Qatar (Катар) | "قطر" is the Arabic form |
캄보디아 | 캄보쟈 | Cambodia (Камбоджа) | |
컴퓨터 | 콤퓨터 | Computer | |
컵 | 고뿌 | Cup (コップ) | |
캐나다 | 카나다 | Canada (Канада) | The southern term was not derived from English, but from French (though uncertain of the claims) |
캐러멜 | 기름사탕 | Caramel | "기름사탕" (gireum satang) literally means "oil candy" |
캠페인 | 깜빠니아 | Campaign (Кампания) | |
코펜하겐 | 쾨뻰하븐 | Copenhagen (København) | |
쿠바 | 꾸바 | Cuba (Куба) | |
킬로 | 키로 | Kilo (キロ) | |
토고 | 또고 | Togo (Того) | |
테너 | 남성고음 | Tenor (男性高音) | GLOSS: "남성" (male), "고" (high), "음" (voice, sound) |
텔레비전 [채널] | 텔레비죤 [통로] | Television [Channel] | |
튀니지 | 뜌니지 | Tunisia (Tunisie) | |
트랙터 | 뜨락또르 | Tractor (Трактор) | |
페루 | 뻬루 | Peru (Perú) | |
폐쇄 | 페쇄 | Closure (閉鎖) | |
포르투갈 | 뽀르뚜갈 | Portugal | Existence of "포도아" (葡萄牙) uncertain |
폴란드 | 뽈스까 | Poland (Polska) | |
프라하 | 쁘라하 | Prague (Praha) | |
프리킥, 페널티킥 | 벌차기 | Free Kick, Penalty Kick | GLOSS: "벌" (punishment), "차기" (kick) |
피차 | 삐쨔 | Pizza | |
피타고라스의 정리 | 세평방정리 | Pythagorean Theorem | "세평방정리" (세平方定理, sepyeongbang jeongri) literally means "Three-square Theorem" |
한라산 | 한나산 | Mount Halla (漢拏山) | |
헝가리 | 마쟈르, | Hungary (Magyar) | The northern term "웽그리아" (wonggeuria) was derived from Russian "Венгрия" (Vengriya) |
호주, 오스트레일리아 | 오스트랄리아 | Australia | The Hanja form of "호주" (hoju) is "濠州"; however it is "豪州" (goushuu) in Kanji The southern term "오스트레일리아" was derived from the approximate Australian accent pronunciation of Australia [ɒˈstreɪliə]; the northern term, on the other hand is from Russian "Австралия" (Avstraliya) |
헤어드라이어 | 건발기 | Hair Dryer | |
핸들링 | 손다치기 | Handling | |
햄버거 | 고기겹빵 | Hamburger | GLOSS: "고기" (meat), "겹" (fold), "빵" (bread) |
햇빛 | 해빛 | Sunlight | The "sai siot" ('ㅅ' used for indicating sound change) is almost never written out in the north |
헬리콥터 | 직승기 | Helicopter (直升機) | "직승기" (jikseunggi) literally means "straight-rise machine" |
홋카이도 | 혹가이도 | Hokkaido (北海道) | Traditionally "북해도" (bukhaedo) |
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Pagkalahatang Deklarasyon ng Karapatang Pantao
baguhinKung saan ang pagkilala sa katutubong karangalan at sa pantay at di-maikakait na karapatan ng lahat ng mga miyembro ng pamilya ng tao ay siyang saligan ng kalayaan, katarungan at kapayapaan sa mundo,
Kung saan ang pagwawalang-bahala at paglalapastangan sa mga karapatan ng tao ay nagbunga ng mga gawang kawalang-kabihasnan na humamak sa budhi ng sangkatauhan, at ang pagdatal ng isang daigdig na kung saan ang mga tao ay magtatamasa ng kalayaan sa pagpapahayag at ng paniniwala at kalayaan mula sa takot at pagdaralita ay ipinahayag na pinakamataas na mithiin ng mga karaniwang tao,
Kung saan iyon ay mahalaga, kung ang tao ay di-pipiliting manghawakan bilang huling magagawa, sa paghihimagsik laban sa paniniil at pang-aapi, na ang mga karapatan ng tao'y mapangalagaan sa paghahari ng batas,
Kung saan mahalagang itaguyod ang pagpapaunlad ng mabuting pagsasamahan ng mga bansa,
Kung saan ang mga mamamayan ng Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa ay nagpatibay sa Karta ng kanilang pananalig sa mga pangunahing mga karapatan ng tao, sa karangalan at kahalagahan ng pagkatao at sa pantay-pantay na mga karapatan ng mga lalake at babae at napagpasiyahang itaguyod ang kaunlarang panlipunan at lalong mabubuting pamantayan ng buhay sa mas malawak na kalayaan,
Kung saan ang mga Kasaping Estado ay nangako sa kanilang sarili na tamuhin sa pakikipagtulungan sa mga Nagkakaisang Bansa, ang pagtataguyod ng pangkalahatang paggalang at pagtalima sa mga karapatan ng tao at mga pangunahing kalayaan,
Kung saan ang isang karaniwang-unawa ng mga karapatan at kalayaang ito ay ang pinakamalaking kahalagahan sa ganap na pagsasakatuparan ng pangakong ito,
Ngayon, sa makatuwid,
Ang Pangkalahatang Kapulungan
Postposisyon
baguhinAng mga postposisyon sa wikang Koreano ay mga hulapi o mga maiikling salita sa balarila ng Wikang Koreano na siyang sumusunod pagakatapos ng isang pangngalan o panghalip.
Mangyaring tingnan ang hangul sa bandang ilalim para sa opisyal na anyong ortograpiya.
Naunang Sintaktikong Elemento | Halimbawang Pangungusap | Salinwika |
---|---|---|
(n-)eun 은/는
|
Ginagamit bilang pampaksang kataga. Ang Eun (은) ay ginagamit pagkatapos ng katinig, Neun (는) naman kasunod sa patinig. | |
Mga pangngalan (paksa) | Naneun haksaengida. 나는 학생이다. |
Ako ay estudyante. |
Mga pangngalan (paksa) | Igeoseun yeonpirida. 이것은 연필이다. |
Ito ay lapis. |
Mga pangngalan (isina-panglahatang kaukulang palagyo) | Chitaneun ppareuda. 치타는 빠르다. |
Ang tsite ay mabilis. |
Mga pangngalan (paksa) | Jeoneun jjajangmyeon juseyo. 저는 짜장면 주세요. |
Naisko'po ng jajangmyeon. |
i/ga 이/가
|
Ginagamit bilang pang-tukoy na kataga o pampaksang kataga. Ang I (이) ay ginagamit pagkatapos ng katinig, Ga (가 naman kasunod sa patinig. | |
Mga pangngalan (kumakatawan) | Naega masyeotda. 내가 마셨다. |
Ako ay uminom. |
Mga pangngalan (tagapagtukoy) | Jeogeosi Han-gang-iya. 저것이 한강이야. |
Iyan ang Ilog Han. |
Mga pangngalan (tiyak na palagyo) | Chitaga neurida. 치타가 느리다. |
Ang tsiteng ito ay mabagal. |
do 도
|
Ginagamit bilang pandagdag na kataga. Kapag mayroong kaugnayan sa mga karagdagang katangian/paglalarawan ng kahalintulad na paksa, ang ttohan (또한) ang ginagamit. | |
Pangngalan | Geunyeodo gongbuhanda. 그녀도 공부한다. |
Nag-aaral din siya. |
Nouns (pandagdag/kasama) | Jeongnameun guninieotda. Geuneun ttohan jeongchigayeotda. 정남은 군인이었다. 그는 또한 정치가였다. |
Si Jeong-nam ay isang kawal. Isa ri siyang pulitiko. |
(r-)eul 을/를
|
Ginagamit bilang pang-kagamitang kataga. Ang Eul (을) ay ginagamit pagakatapos ng isang katinig, Reul 를 naman kasunod sa patinig, |