Wikipedia

Agnostikong ateismo

Ang agnostikong ateismo o ateistikong agnostisismo ay isang pilosopikal na posisyon na sumasaklaw pareho sa ateismo at agnostisismo. Ang mga agnostikong ateista ay ateistiko dahil wala silang pinanghahawakang paniniwala sa mga pag-iral ng anumang diyos, at agnostiko dahil hinuha nila na ang pagkakaroon ng isang banal na entidad o mga entidad ay maaaring hindi nalalaman alinman sa saligan o sa kasalukuyang katotohanan.

Ang agnostikong ateista ay maaaring ihambing sa agnostikong teista, na naniniwala na ang isa o higit pang mga diyos ay umiiral ngunit sinasabing ang pag-iral o hindi pag-iral nito ay hindi alam o hindi malalaman. [1][2][3]

Kasaysayan

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Hindi relihiyoso na populasyon ayon sa bansa, 2010 [4]

Ang isa sa pinakamaagang kahulugan ng agnostic atheism ay ang mula sa teologo at pilosopo na si Robert Flint, sa kanyang Croall Lecture ng 1887–1888 (nai-publish noong 1903 sa ilalim ng pamagat na Agnosticism).

Ang ateista ay maaaring gayunpaman, at hindi madalas ay, isang agnostiko. Mayroong agnostikong ateismo o ateistikong agnostisismo, at ang kumbinasyon ng atheism sa agnosticism na maaaring pinangalanan ay hindi pangkaraniwan.[5]

Kung nabigo ang isang tao na makahanap ng anumang magandang dahilan upang maniwala na mayroong Diyos, natural at makatuwiran na hindi siya dapat maniwala na mayroong Diyos; at kung gayon, siya ay isang ateista... kung siya ay lalaon pa, at, pagkatapos ng pagsisiyasat sa kalikasan at abot ng kaalaman ng tao, na nagtatapos sa konklusyon na ang pag-iral ng Diyos ay walang kakayahang patunayan, itigil ang paniniwala dito sa ang batayan na hindi niya malalaman na ito ay totoo, siya ay isang agnostiko at isa ring ateista – isang agnostic-atheist – isang ateista dahil isang agnostiko... samantalang, kung gayon, mali ang pagtukoy na agnosticism at atheism, ito ay parehas na mali na paghiwalayin sila na parang ang isa ay eksklusibo sa isa. . .[6]

Noong 1885, ipinaliwanag ni Robert G. Ingersoll, na kilala bilang "The Great Agnostic", ang kanyang comparative view ng agnostisismo at ateismo tulad ng sumusunod:[7]

The Agnostic is an Atheist. The Atheist is an Agnostic. The Agnostic says, "I do not know, but I do not believe there is any God." The Atheist says the same.

Epistemological argumento

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Ang epistemolohiya, o agnostiko, ateismo ay nangangatwiran na ang mga tao ay hindi maaaring makilala ang isang Diyos o matukoy ang pagkakaroon ng isang Diyos. Ang pundasyon ng epistemological atheism ay agnostisismo, na may iba't ibang anyo. Sa pilosopiya ng immanence, ang pagka-diyos ay hindi mapaghihiwalay sa mundo mismo, kabilang ang isip ng isang tao, at ang kamalayan ng bawat tao ay naka-lock sa paksa. Ayon sa ganitong anyo ng agnostisismo, ang limitasyong ito sa pananaw ay humahadlang sa anumang layunin na hinuha mula sa paniniwala sa isang diyos hanggang sa mga pag-giit ng pagkakaroon nito.

Ang rasyonalistikong agnostisismo ng Kant at ng Enlightenment ay tumatanggap lamang ng kaalamang hinuhusgahan ng katuwiran ng tao; ang anyo ng ateismo na ito ay naniniwala na ang mga diyos ay hindi nawawari bilang isang bagay ng prinsipyo, at samakatuwid ay hindi maaaring malaman na umiiral. Ang eskeptisismo, batay sa mga ideya ni Hume, ay iginiit na ang katiyakan sa anumang bagay ay imposible, kaya hinding-hindi malalaman kung may diyos o wala. Gayunpaman, pinaniwalaan ni Hume na ang mga hindi mamamanmanang metapisiko na konsepto ay dapat di-tinatanggap bilang "sophistry at ilusyon". Ang paglalaan ng agnostisismo sa ateismo ay pinagtatalunan; maaari din itong ituring bilang isang independyente, pangunahing pananaw sa mundo.

Ang iba pang mga argumento para sa ateismo na maaaring mauri bilang epistemolohiya o ontolohiya, kabilang ang lohikal na positivism at ignosticism, ay iginigiit ang kawalang-kabuluhan o hindi pagkakaunawaan ng mga pangunahing termino gaya ng "Diyos" at mga pahayag tulad ng "Ang Diyos ay makapangyarihan sa lahat." Ang theological noncognitivism ay pinaniniwalaan na ang pahayag na "umiiral ang Diyos" ay hindi nagpapahayag ng isang panukala, ngunit ito ay walang katuturan o nagbibigay-malay na walang kahulugan. Ito ay pinagtatalunan sa parehong paraan kung ang mga naturang indibidwal ay maaaring maiuri sa ilang anyo ng ateismo o agnostisismo. Ang mga pilosopo na sina AJ Ayer at Theodore M. Drange ay tinatanggihan ang parehong mga kategorya, na nagsasabi na ang parehong mga kampo ay tinatanggap ang "Ang Diyos ay umiiral" bilang isang panukala; sa halip ay inilalagay nila ang noncognitivism sa sarili nitong kategorya. [8] [9]

Mga sanggunian

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  1. ↑ Harrison, Alexander James (1894). The Ascent of Faith: or, the Grounds of Certainty in Science and Religion. London: Hodder and Stroughton. p. 21. OCLC 7234849. OL 21834002M. Let Agnostic Theism stand for that kind of Agnosticism which admits a Divine existence; Agnostic Atheism for that kind of Agnosticism which thinks it does not.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. ↑ Smith, George H (1979). Atheism: The Case Against God. pp. 10–11. ISBN 9780879751241. Properly considered, agnosticism is not a third alternative to theism and atheism because it is concerned with a different aspect of religious belief. Theism and atheism refer to the presence or absence of belief in a god; agnosticism refers to the impossibility of knowledge with regard to a god or supernatural being. The term "agnostic" does not, in itself, indicate whether or not one believes in a god. Agnosticism can be either theistic or atheistic.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. ↑ Barker, Dan (2008). Godless: How an Evangelical Preacher Became One of America's Leading Atheists. New York: Ulysses Press. p. 96. ISBN 9781569756775. OL 24313839M. People are invariably surprised to hear me say I am both an atheist and an agnostic, as if this somehow weakens my certainty. I usually reply with a question like, "Well, are you a Republican or an American?" The two words serve different concepts and are not mutually exclusive. Agnosticism addresses knowledge; atheism addresses belief. The agnostic says, "I don't have a knowledge that God exists." The atheist says, "I don't have a belief that God exists." You can say both things at the same time. Some agnostics are atheistic and some are theistic.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. ↑ "Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project (sa wikang Ingles). 2015-04-02. Nakuha noong 2020-04-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. ↑ Flint, Robert (1903). Agnosticism: The Croall Lecture for 1887–88. William Blackwood and Sons. pp. 49–51. OL 7193167M.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  6. ↑ Flint, Robert (1903). Agnosticism: The Croall Lecture for 1887–88. William Blackwood and Sons. pp. 49–51. OL 7193167M.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. ↑ Jacoby, Susan (2013). The Great Agnostic. Yale University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-300-13725-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  8. ↑ Drange, Theodore M. (1998). "Atheism, Agnosticism, Noncognitivism". Internet Infidels, Secular Web Library. Retrieved 2007-APR-07.
  9. ↑ Ayer, A. J. (1946). Language, Truth and Logic. Dover. pp. 115–116. In a footnote, Ayer attributes this view to "Professor H. H. Price".

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