Cheka
Ang Cheka (ЧК - чрезвыча́йная коми́ссия chrezvychaynaya komissiya, Extraordinary Commission Pagbigkas sa Ruso: tɕɛ.ˈka) o Tseka, ay ang unang tagapagmana ng estadong pangseguridad ng Unyong Sobyet. Nabuo ito sa pamamagitan ng isang dekrito na inilabas noong 20 Disyembre 1917, ni Vladimir Lenin at pinamunuan ng isang aristocratong-naging-komunistang si Felix Dzerzhinsky.[1] Pagkatapos ng 1922, napadpad ang Cheka sa mga serye ng reorganisasyon sa pagiging katawan na kung saan ang mga miyembro ay patuloy na tinatawag na "Chekisty" (Chekists) hanggang dekada 1980.[2]
| Всероссийская чрезвычайная комиссия Vserossiyskaya chrezvychaynaya komissiya | |
 VCheKa emblem | |
| Buod ng Ahensya | |
|---|---|
| Pagkabuo | 1917 |
| Preceding agency |
|
| Binuwag | 1922(reorganized) |
| Superseding agency | |
| Uri | Sikretong Polisya |
| Punong himpilan | 2 iskinitang Gorokhovaya, Petrograd Parisukat ng Lubyanka, Moscow |
| Tagapagpaganap ng ahensiya | |
| Pinagmulan na ahensiya | .svg){kind=small} Council of the People's Commissars |
Mula sa pagkakatatag nito, ang Cheka ay nagsisilbing napakahalagang kamay ng militar at pangseguridad ng komunistang pamahalaan ng mga Bolshevik. Noong 1921, ang Mga Tropa para sa Panloob na Dipensa ng Republika (isang sangay ng Cheka) ay naging 200,000. Pinamunuan ng mga tropang ito ang mga kampong pantrabaho; pinapatakbo ang sistemang Gulag; at iba.[3]
Talababa
baguhin- ↑ The Impact of Stalin's Leadership in the USSR,1924-1941. Nelson Thornes. 2008. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-7487-8267-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Soviet Union / Glossary". Lcweb2.loc.gov. Nakuha noong 2011-07-27.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, Stéphane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard University Press, 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 0-674-07608-7
Pinagkuhanan
baguhin- Andrew, Christopher M. and Vasili Mitrokhin (1999) The Sword and the Shield : The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-00312-5.
- Applebaum, Anne (2003) Gulag: A History. Doubleday. ISBN 0-7679-0056-1
- Carr, E. H. (1958) The Origin and Status of the Cheka. Soviet Studies, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–11.
- Chamberlin, W. H. (1935) The Russian Revolution 1917–1921, 2 vols. London and New York. The Macmillan Company.
- Dziak, John. (1988) Chekisty: A History of the KGB. Lexington, Mass. Lexington Books.
- Figes, Orlando (1997) A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891-1924. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-670-85916-8.
- Leggett, George (1986) The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 0-19-822862-7
- Lincoln, Bruce W. (1999) Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80909-5
- Melgounov, Sergey Petrovich (1925) The Red Terror in Russia. London & Toronto: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd.
- Overy, Richard (2004) The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia. W. W. Norton & Company; 1st American edition. ISBN 0-393-02030-4
- Rummel, Rudolph Joseph (1990) Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1917. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56000-887-3
- Schapiro, Leonard B. (1984) The Russian Revolutions of 1917 : The Origins of Modern Communism. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-07154-6
- Volkogonov, Dmitri (1994) Lenin: A New Biography. Free Press. ISBN 0-02-933435-7
- Volkogonov, Dmitri (1998) Autopsy of an Empire: The Seven Leaders Who Built the Soviet Regime Free Press. ISBN 0-684-87112-2
Mga kawing panlabas
baguhin- The Cheka Naka-arkibo 2010-05-27 sa Wayback Machine. - Spartacus Schoolnet collection of primary source extracts relating to the Cheka
- Development of the Soviet system of punitive organs (sa Ruso)