Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia
*Československo*, *Česko-Slovensko*
Czechoslovakia Československo, Česko-Slovensko
1918–1992
	Flag since 1920 Eskudo ng armas noong 1990–1992
	Salawikain: Tseko: Pravda vítězí; ("Truth prevails"; 1918–1990); Latin: Veritas Vincit; ("Truth prevails"; 1990–1992)
	Awiting Pambansa: Kde domov můj at Nad Tatrou sa blýska
Kabisera	Praga (Praha)
Karaniwang wika	Tseko at Eslobako
Pamahalaan	Republika
Pangulo
• 1918–1935	Tomáš G. Masaryk (first)
• 1989–1992	Václav Havel (last)
Punong Ministro
• 1918–1919	Karel Kramář
• 1992	Jan Stráský
Kasaysayan
• Kalayaan magmula sa Austria–Hungarya	28 Oktubre 1918
• Pananakop ng Alemanya	1939
• Kalayaan	1945
• Paglansag ng Czechoslovakia	31 Disyembre 1992
Lawak
1921	140,446 km2 (54,227 mi kuw)
1993	127,900 km2 (49,400 mi kuw)
Populasyon
• 1921	13607385
• 1993	15600000
Salapi	Czechoslovak koruna
Kodigong pantelepono	42
Internet TLD	.cs
Pinalitan	Pumalit
	Austria–Hungarya
Republikang Czech
Slovakia
Zakarpattia Oblast#History
	Kasalukuyang kodigo ng ISO 3166-3: CSHH; Ang kodigong pantawag na 42 ay iniretiro noong Taglamig ng 1997. Ang saklaw ng numero ay pinaghati-hati, at muling inilaan para sa Czech Republic, Slovakia at Liechtenstein.

Ang Czechoslovakia o Czecho-Slovakia,^[1] Tseko at Eslobako: Československo, Česko-Slovensko^[2]) ay isang estadong soberano sa Gitnang Europa na nabuhay mula noong Oktubre 1918, na kung saan ay idineklara nito ang pagiging malaya sa Imperyong Austro-Hungarian, hanggang 1992. Mula noong 1939 hanggang 1945, ang estado ay hindi nakakuha ng de facto pagkabuhay, dahil sa dibisyong militar at pakikisali sa Nazi Germany, subalit ang pinatapong gobyerno ng Czechoslovak ay hindi man lang tumuloy sa panahong ito.. Noong 1945 ang silangang bahagi ng Carpathian Ruthenia ay nakuha ng Unyong Sobyet. Noong 1 Enero 1993, ang Tseko-Slobakya ay payapang nahati sa Tsekya at Eslobakya.

Mga sanggunian

↑ "Treaty of Versailles". 1919. Nakuha noong 6 Abril 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ "Ján Kačala: Máme nový názov federatívnej republiky (The New Name of the Federal Republic), In: Kultúra Slova (official publication of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Ľudovít Štúr Institute of Linguistics) 6/1990 pp. 192-197" (PDF). Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 2011-08-19. Nakuha noong 2010-10-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

Talaaklatan

Heimann, Mary. Czechoslovakia: The State That Failed (2009). the best scholarly history in English, but with a negative tone stressing maltreatment of minorities.
Hermann, A. H. A History of the Czechs (1975)
Kalvoda, Josef. The Genesis of Czechoslovakia (1986)
Leff, Carol Skalnick. National Conflict in Czechoslovakia: The Making and Remaking of a State, 1918-87 (1988)
Mantey, Victor. A History of the Czechoslovak Republic (1973)
Myant, Martin. The Czechoslovak Economy, 1948-88 (1989)
Naimark, Norman, and Leonid Gibianskii, eds. The Establishment of Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe, 1944-1949 (1997) online edition
Paul, David. Czechoslovakia: Profile of a Socialist Republic at the Crossroads of Europe (1990)
Renner, Hans. A History of Czechoslovakia since 1945 (1989);
Seton-Watson, R. W. A History of the Czechs and Slovaks (1943)
Stone, Norman, and E. Strouhal, eds.Czechoslovakia: Crossroads and Crises, 1918-88 (1989)
Wheaton, Bernard; Zdenek Kavav. "The Velvet Revolution: Czechoslovakia, 1988-1991". (1992).
Wolchik, Sharon L. Czechoslovakia: Politics, Society, and Economics (1990)
online books and articles

[1] "Treaty of Versailles". 1919. Nakuha noong 6 Abril 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[KulturaSlova-2] "Ján Kačala: Máme nový názov federatívnej republiky (The New Name of the Federal Republic), In: Kultúra Slova (official publication of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Ľudovít Štúr Institute of Linguistics) 6/1990 pp. 192-197" (PDF). Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 2011-08-19. Nakuha noong 2010-10-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[1]

[2]