Dinastiyang Kayar
Ang dinastiyang Kayar ( pakinggan (tulong·impormasyon); Persa: سلسله قاجار Selsele-ye Qājār, Aseri: Qacarlar قاجارلر)[a] ay dating isang Iraniyanong[1] maharlikang dinastiya na may Turkong pinagmulan,[2][3][4][5] partikular mula sa liping Kayar, na namuno sa buong Iran mula 1789 hanggang 1925.[6][7] Kinuha ng pamilyang Kayar ang buong kontrol ng Iran noong 1794, na pinapatalsik si Lotf 'Ali Khan, ang huling Shah ng dinastiyang Zand, at muling giniit ang soberanyang Iraniyano sa malaking bahagi ng Kaukaso. Noong 1796, madaling sinakop ni Mohammad Khan Qajar ang Mashhad,[8] na winakasan ang dinastiyang Afsharid, at pormal na kinoronahan si Mohammad Khan bilang Shah pagkatapos ng kanyang pampahirap na kampanya laban sa mga Heorhiyanong nasasakupan.[9] Sa Kaukaso, permanenteng nawalan sa loob ng ika-19 na dantaon ang dinastiyang Kayar ng maraming mahahalagang lugar sa Iran[10] na napunta sa mga Ruso, na binubuo ng makabagong Heorhiya, Dagestan, Azerbaijan at Armenya.[11]
Bansa | Dakilang Estado ng Persya |
---|---|
Sambahayang pangninuno | Linyang Qoyunlu ng liping Kayar |
Mga pamagat | Shah ng Iran |
Tagapagtatag | Agha Mohammad Shah (1789–1797) |
Panghuling pinuno | Ahmad Shah (1909–1925) |
Pagtatatag | 1789 |
Pagkakatanggal sa katungkulan | 1925 |
Mga sangay na kadete | pamilyang Bahmani |
Mga Shah na Kayar ng Persya, 1789–1925
baguhinPangalan | Larawan | Titulo | Kapanganakan-Kamatayan | Unang panunungkulan | Huling panunungkulan | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mohammad Khan Qajar | Khan[12] Shah[12] |
1742–1797 | 1789[13] | 17 Hunyo 1797 | |
2 | Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar | Shahanshah[12] Khaqan[12] |
1772–1834 | 17 Hunyo 1797 | 23 Oktubre 1834 | |
3 | Mohammad Shah Qajar | Anak na Khaqan ni Khaqan[12] | 1808–1848 | 23 Oktubre 1834 | 5 Setyembre 1848 | |
4 | Naser al-Din Shah Qajar | Zell'ollah (Anino ng Diyos [sa daigdig])[12] Qebleh-ye 'ālam (Ikutan ng Sansinukob)[12] Islampanah (Kanlungan ng Islam) (sa Ingles)[12] |
1831–1896 | 5 Setyembre 1848 | 1 Mayo 1896 | |
5 | Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar | 1853–1907 | 1 Mayo 1896 | 3 Enero 1907 | ||
6 | Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar | 1872–1925 | 3 Enero 1907 | 16 Hulyo 1909 | ||
7 | Ahmad Shah Qajar | Sultan | 1898–1930 | 16 Hulyo 1909 | 31 Oktubre 1925 |
Mga pananda
baguhin- ↑ rinomanisado din bilang Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar atbp.
Mga sanggunian
baguhin- ↑ Abbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3 (sa Ingles)
- ↑ Cyrus Ghani. Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power, I. B. Tauris, 2000, ISBN 1-86064-629-8, p. 1 (sa Ingles)
- ↑ William Bayne Fisher. Cambridge History of Iran, Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 344, ISBN 0-521-20094-6 (sa Ingles)
- ↑ Dr. Parviz Kambin, A History of the Iranian Plateau: Rise and Fall of an Empire, Universe, 2011, p.36, online edition.
- ↑ Jamie Stokes and Anthony Gorman, Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, 2010, p.707, Online Edition: "The Safavid and Qajar dynasties, rulers in Iran from 1501 to 1722 and from 1795 to 1925 respectively, were Turkic in origin." (sa Ingles)
- ↑ Abbas Amanat, The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896, I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3; "In the 126 years between the fall of the Safavid state in 1722 and the accession of Nasir al-Din Shah, the Qajars evolved from a shepherd-warrior tribe with strongholds in northern Iran into a Persian dynasty." (sa Ingles)
- ↑ Choueiri, Youssef M., A companion to the history of the Middle East, (Blackwell Ltd., 2005), 231,516. (sa Ingles)
- ↑ H. Scheel; Jaschke, Gerhard; H. Braun; Spuler, Bertold; T Koszinowski; Bagley, Frank (1981). Muslim World (sa wikang Ingles). Brill Archive. pp. 65, 370. ISBN 978-90-04-06196-5. Nakuha noong 28 Setyembre 2012.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Michael Axworthy. Iran: Empire of the Mind: A History from Zoroaster to the Present Day, Penguin UK, 6 Nob. 2008. ISBN 0141903414 (sa Ingles)
- ↑ Fisher et al. 1991, p. 330.
- ↑ Timothy C. Dowling. Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond, pp 728-730 ABC-CLIO, 2 dec. 2014 ISBN 1598849484 (sa Ingles)
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 Amanat, Abbas (1997), Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831-1896, Comparative studies on Muslim societies (sa wikang Ingles), I. B. Tauris, p. 10, ISBN 9781860640971
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Perry, J. R. (1984). "ĀḠĀ MOḤAMMAD KHAN QĀJĀR". Sa Yarshater, Ehsan (pat.). Encyclopædia Iranica (sa wikang Ingles). Bol. I/6. pp. 602–605.
in Ramażān, 1210/ March, 1796, he was officially crowned shah of Iran.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)