Sa modernong biolohiyang molekular at henetika, ang genome ang kabuuan ng impormasyong pagmamana ng isang organismo. Ito ay kinokodigo sa DNA o para sa maraming mga uri ng virus, sa RNA. Ang genome ay kinabibilangan ng mga gene at hindi nagkokodigong DNA ng DNA/RNA.[1]

Isang larawan ng 46 mga kromosoma na bumubuo sa genome na diploid ng lalakeng tao. Ang kromosomang mitokondriyal ay hindi pinakita.

Sukat ng genome baguhin

Ang sukat ng genome ang kabuuang bilang ng baseng pares na DNA sa isang kopya ng genome na haploid. Ang sukat ng genome ay positibong korelado sa morpolohikong pagiging komplikado sa mga prokaryote at mas mababang mga eukaryote. Gayunpaman, pagkatapos ng mga molluska at lahat ng iba pang mas mataas na mga eukaryote sa itaas, ang korelasyong ito ay hindi na epektibo.[2][3] [4][5]

Uri ng organismo Organismo Sukat ng genome
(base pairs)
Komento
Virus Bacteriophage MS2 3,569 3.5kb Unang nasekwensiyang RNA-genome[6]
Virus SV40 5,224 5.2kb [7]
Virus Phage Φ-X174 5,386 5.4kb Unang nasekwensiyang DNA-genome[8]
Virus HIV 9,749 9.7kb [9]
Virus Phage λ 48,502 48kb
Virus Megavirus 1,259,197 1.3Mb Ang pinakamalaking alam na genome na pang-virus a
Bacterium Haemophilus influenzae 1,830,000 1.8Mb Unang genome ng isang nabubuhay na organismong nasekwensiya, Hulyo 1995[10]
Bacterium Carsonella ruddii 159,662 160kb Ang pinaka-malaiit na hindi-virus na genome.[11]
Bacterium Buchnera aphidicola 600,000 600kb
Bacterium Wigglesworthia glossinidia 700,000 700Kb
Bacterium Escherichia coli 4,600,000 4.6Mb [12]
Bacterium Solibacter usitatus (strain Ellin 6076) 9,970,000 10Mb Ang pinakamalaking alam na genome ng bakterya
Amoeboid Polychaos dubium ("Amoeba" dubia) 670,000,000,000 670Gb Ang pinakamalaking alam na genome.[13] (Disputed [14])
Halaman Arabidopsis thaliana 157,000,000 157Mb Unang genome ng halamang nasekwensiya, 2000[15]
Halaman Genlisea margaretae 63,400,000 63Mb Ang pinakamaliit na itinalang genome ng namumulaklak na halaman, 2006.[15]
Halaman Fritillaria assyrica 130,000,000,000 130Gb
Halaman Populus trichocarpa 480,000,000 480Mb Unang genome ng puno na nasekwensiya, Setyembre 2006
Halaman Paris japonica (Japanese-native, pale-petal) 150,000,000,000 150Gb Largest plant genome known
Moss Physcomitrella patens 480,000,000 480Mb Unang genome ng isang bryophyte na nasekwensiyang, Enero 2008.[16]
Lebadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae 12,100,000 12.1Mb Unang genome ng eukaryoteng nasekwensiyang,[17]
Fungus Aspergillus nidulans 30,000,000 30Mb
Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 100,300,000 100Mb Unang hayop na multiselular na nasekwensiya, Disyembre 1998 [18]
Nematoda Pratylenchus coffeae 20,000,000 20Mb Pinakamaliit na genome ng hayop na alam[19]
Insekto Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 130,000,000 130Mb [20]
Insekto Bombyx mori (silk moth) 530,000,000 530Mb
Insekto Apis mellifera (honey bee) 236,000,000 236Mb
Insekto Solenopsis invicta (fire ant) 480,000,000 480Mb [21]
Isda Tetraodon nigroviridis (type of puffer fish) 385,000,000 390Mb Pinakamaliit na alam na genome ng bertebrata
Mamalya Mus musculus 2,700,000,000 2.7Gb
Mamalya Homo sapiens 3,200,000,000 3.2Gb
Isda Protopterus aethiopicus (marbled lungfish) 130,000,000,000 130Gb Ang pinakamalaking alam na genome ng bertebrata

Tignan din baguhin

Mga sanggunian baguhin

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