Monarkiya ng Thailand

Hari ng Thailand
Hari ng Thailand
พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย
	Titulado ng Hari
Nanunungkulan
	Vajiralongkorn (Rama X); since 13 Oktubre 2016
Detalye
Estilo	Kanyang Kamahalan
Unang monarko	Sri Indraditya ng Sukhothai
Itinatag	1238; 786 taon ang nakalipas
Tahanan	Grandeng Palasyo (ceremonial); Palasyong Dusit (tirahan);
Website	royaloffice

Ang monarkiya ng Thailand (na tinutukoy ang monarkiya bilang ang hari ng Thailand o sa kasaysayan, hari ng Siam; Thai: พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย) ay tumutukoy sa konstitusyunal na monarkiya ng Kaharian ng Thailand (dating Siam). Ang Hari ng Thailand ay ang puno ng estado at puno ng namumunong Makaharing Bahay ng Chakri.

Bagaman, nabuo ang kasalukuyang Dinastiyang Chakri noong 1782, tradisyunal na tinuturing ang pagkakaroon ng institusyon ng monarkiya sa Thailand na nagmula sa pagkakatatag ng Kaharian ng Sukhothai noong 1238, na may maikling paghinto mula sa pagkamatay ni Ekkathat hanggang sa pag-upo ni Taksin noong ika-18 dantaon. Nabago ang institusyon sa isang monarkiyang konstitusyunal noong 1932 pagkatapos ang walang dugong dumanak na Rebolusyong Siyames ng 1932. Ang Grandeng Palasyo sa Bangkok ang opisyal na tirahang pang-sermonya ng monarkiya, habang sa Palasyong Dusit ang pribadong tirahan nito. Kasalukuyang nakakuwarantenas ang hari at naninirahan sa Grandeng Otel ng Sonnenbichl sa Alemanya.

Kabilang sa titulo ng ng hari ng Thailand ang puno ng Estado, puno ng Makaharing Sandatahang Lakas ng Thailand, lingkod ng Budismo at tagapagtaguyod ng mga relihiyon.^[2]

Kasaysayan

Pinagmulan

Umunlad ang kasalukuyang konsepto ng pagkahari ng Thai sa loob ng 800 taon ng ganap na paghahari. Ang unang hari ng pinagkaisang Thailand ay ang tagapagtatag ng Kaharian ng Sukhothai, si Haring Sri Indraditya, noong 1238.^[3] Sinasabing binatay ang diwa ng sinaunang pagkahari na ito sa dalawang konsepto na hinango mula sa mga paniniwalang Hinduismo at Budistang Theravada. Batay ang unang konsepto sa kastang Bediko-Hindu ng "Kshatriya" (Thai: กษัตริย์), o mandirigmang-pinuno, kung saan hinango ng hari ang kapangyarihan niya mula sa lakas ng militar. Binatay naman ang pangalawa sa konsepto ng Budistang Theravada na "Dhammaraja" (Thai: ธรรมราชา), kung saan naipakilala ang Budismo sa Thailand noong ika-6 na siglo CE. Ang diwa ng Dhammaraja (o pagkahari sa ilalim ng Dharma) ay dapat mamuno ang hari sa kanyang bayan ayon sa Dharma at sa katuruan ni Buddha.

Bahagyang pinalitan ang kaisipang ito noong 1279, nang naluklok sa trono si Haring Ramkhamhaeng. Iniwan ni Ramkhamhaeng ang tradisyon at nilikha sa halip ang isang konsepto ng "pamumunong paternal" (Thai: พ่อปกครองลูก), kung saan namumuno ang hari sa kanyang bayan bilang isang ama na pinamamahalaanan ang kanyang mga anak.^[4]^[5] Pinalakas ang ideya na ito sa titulo at pangalan ng hari, tulad ng kung papaano sa ngayon, ang Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng (Thai: พ่อขุนรามคำแหง)^[6] na nangangahulugang 'Namumunong Amang Ramkhamhaeng'. Tumagal ito sa maikling panahon. Sa katapusan ng kaharian, bumalik muli ang dalawang naunang mga konsepto na sinisimbolo sa pamamagitan ng pagbabago sa istilo ng mga hari: napalitan ang "Pho" sa "Phaya" o Panginoon.

Kronolohiya ng mga monarko

Mga sanggunian

↑ Campbell, Charlie (n.d.). "Thais Face an Anxious Wait to See How Their New King Will Wield His Power". Time (sa wikang Ingles). Nakuha noong 2 Disyembre 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ The Secretariate of the House of Representatives (Nobyembre 2007). "Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E 2550" (PDF) (sa wikang Ingles). The Secretariat of the House of Representatives. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 31 Agosto 2012. Nakuha noong 7 Nobyembre 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Cœdès, G. (1921). "The Origins of the Sukhodaya Dynasty" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (sa wikang Ingles). Siam Heritage Trust. JSS Bol. 14.1b (dihital): imahe 1. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 20 Oktubre 2016. Nakuha noong 17 Marso 2013. The dynasty which reigned during a part of the XIIIth. and the first half of the XlVth. centuries at Sukhodaya and at Sajjanlaya, on the upper Menam Yom, is the first historical Siamese dynasty. It has a double claim to this title, both because its cradle was precisely in the country designated by foreigners as "Siam" (Khmer: Syain; Chinese : Sien, etc.), and because it is this dynasty which, by freeing the Thai principalities from the Cambodian yoke and by gradually extending its conquests as far as the Malay Peninsula, paved the way for the formation of the Kingdom of Siam properly so called.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ "Archived copy" (sa wikang Ingles). Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 26 Setyembre 2008. Nakuha noong 2008-09-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Prince Dhani Nivat, Kromamun Bidyadabh [sa Thai] (1947). "The Old Siamese conception of the Monarchy" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (sa wikang Ingles). Siamese Heritage Trust. JSS Bol. 36.2b (dihital): imahe 10 pahina 93. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 6 Mayo 2021. Nakuha noong 7 Marso 2013. Patriarchal Sukhothai Kingship ...The monarch was of course the people's leader in battle; but he was also in peace-time their father whose advice was sought and expected in all matters and whose judgment was accepted by all. He was moreover accessible to his people, for we are told by an old inscription that, in front of the royal palace of Sukhothai there used to be a gong hung up for people to go and beat upon whenever they wanted personal help and redress. The custom survived with slight modifications all through the centuries down to the change of regime in 1932.... {{cite journal}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Terwiel, Barend Jan (1983). "Ahom and the Study of Early Thai Society" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (sa wikang Ingles). Siamese Heritage Trust. JSS Bol. 71.0 (PDF): imahe 4. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 3 Nobiyembre 2013. Nakuha noong 7 Marso 2013. In older usage, khun was used for a ruler of a fortified town and its surrounding villages, together called a mueang; with the prefix pho (พ่อ "father") appears as Pho Khun. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (tulong)

[1] Campbell, Charlie (n.d.). "Thais Face an Anxious Wait to See How Their New King Will Wield His Power". Time (sa wikang Ingles). Nakuha noong 2 Disyembre 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[2] The Secretariate of the House of Representatives (Nobyembre 2007). "Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E 2550" (PDF) (sa wikang Ingles). The Secretariat of the House of Representatives. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 31 Agosto 2012. Nakuha noong 7 Nobyembre 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[JSS_014_1b_Coedes-3] Cœdès, G. (1921). "The Origins of the Sukhodaya Dynasty" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (sa wikang Ingles). Siam Heritage Trust. JSS Bol. 14.1b (dihital): imahe 1. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 20 Oktubre 2016. Nakuha noong 17 Marso 2013. The dynasty which reigned during a part of the XIIIth. and the first half of the XlVth. centuries at Sukhodaya and at Sajjanlaya, on the upper Menam Yom, is the first historical Siamese dynasty. It has a double claim to this title, both because its cradle was precisely in the country designated by foreigners as "Siam" (Khmer: Syain; Chinese : Sien, etc.), and because it is this dynasty which, by freeing the Thai principalities from the Cambodian yoke and by gradually extending its conquests as far as the Malay Peninsula, paved the way for the formation of the Kingdom of Siam properly so called.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[4] "Archived copy" (sa wikang Ingles). Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 26 Setyembre 2008. Nakuha noong 2008-09-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[JSS_036_2b_PrinceDhani_Old-5] Prince Dhani Nivat, Kromamun Bidyadabh [sa Thai] (1947). "The Old Siamese conception of the Monarchy" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (sa wikang Ingles). Siamese Heritage Trust. JSS Bol. 36.2b (dihital): imahe 10 pahina 93. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 6 Mayo 2021. Nakuha noong 7 Marso 2013. Patriarchal Sukhothai Kingship ...The monarch was of course the people's leader in battle; but he was also in peace-time their father whose advice was sought and expected in all matters and whose judgment was accepted by all. He was moreover accessible to his people, for we are told by an old inscription that, in front of the royal palace of Sukhothai there used to be a gong hung up for people to go and beat upon whenever they wanted personal help and redress. The custom survived with slight modifications all through the centuries down to the change of regime in 1932.... {{cite journal}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[JSS_071_0g-6] Terwiel, Barend Jan (1983). "Ahom and the Study of Early Thai Society" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society (sa wikang Ingles). Siamese Heritage Trust. JSS Bol. 71.0 (PDF): imahe 4. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 3 Nobiyembre 2013. Nakuha noong 7 Marso 2013. In older usage, khun was used for a ruler of a fortified town and its surrounding villages, together called a mueang; with the prefix pho (พ่อ "father") appears as Pho Khun. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (tulong)

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