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Tagagamit:Haikou22/burador

< Tagagamit:Haikou22
Ang "Joaquín Guzmán" at "El Chapo" ay tumuturo na papunta rito. Para sa the former president of El Salvador, tingnan ang Joaquín Eufrasio Guzmán. Para sa other uses, tingnan ang El Chapo (disambiguation).

Padron:Pp-blp Padron:Family name explanation/core Padron:Use American English

Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán
KapanganakanJoaquín Archivaldo Guzmán Loera
(1957-04-04) 4 Abril 1957 (edad 67)
La Tuna, Badiraguato Municipality, Sinaloa, Mexico
HanapbuhayLeader of Sinaloa Cartel
Taas168 cm (5 tal 6 pul)
SinundanMiguel Ángel Félix Gallardo
KahaliliIsmael Zambada García
(Mga) PaghatolEngaging in a continuing criminal enterprise (21 U.S.C. § 848)
Conspiracy to manufacture and distribute cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, and marijuana
Conspiracy to import cocaine
Conspiracy to distribute cocaine
Distribution of cocaine (4 counts)
Using a firearm in furtherance of drug crimes (18 U.S.C. § 924)
Conspiracy to commit money laundering (18 U.S.C. § 1956)
Laki ng pabuyaMexico: $3.8 million[1]
United States: US$5 million[2]
Estado ng paghuli
  • 1st capture: 9 June 1993
  • 2nd capture: 22 February 2014
  • 3rd capture: 8 January 2016
PinaghuhuliAttorney General of Mexico, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and numerous sub-national entities.
Nakatakas
  • 1st escape: 19 January 2001
  • 2nd escape: 11 July 2015
NakakulongADX Florence near Florence, Colorado, US[3]


Joaquín Archivaldo Guzmán Loera (Kastila: [xoaˈkin aɾtʃiˈβaldo ɣuzˈman loˈeɾa]; born 4 April 1957),[4] commonly known as "El Chapo" ('Shorty' in Mexican Spanish, binibigkas na [el ˈtʃapo]) because of his 168 cm (5 tal 6 pul) stature, is a Mexican former drug lord and a former leader within the Sinaloa Cartel, an international crime syndicate. He is considered to have been one of the most powerful drug traffickers in the world.[5][6]

Guzmán was born in Sinaloa and raised in a poor farming family. He endured physical abuse at the hands of his father, and also entered the drug trade through his father, helping him grow marijuana for local dealers during his early adulthood. Guzmán began working with Héctor Luis Palma Salazar by the late 1970s, one of the nation's rising drug lords. He helped Salazar map routes to move drugs through Sinaloa and into the United States. He later supervised logistics for Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo, one of the nation's leading kingpins in the mid 1980s, but Guzmán founded his own cartel in 1988 after Gallardo's arrest.

Guzmán oversaw operations whereby mass cocaine, methamphetamine, marijuana,[7] and heroin were produced, smuggled into, and distributed throughout the United States and Europe, the world's largest users.[8][9] He achieved this by pioneering the use of distribution cells and long-range tunnels near borders,[2] which enabled him to export more drugs to the United States than any other trafficker in history.[10] Guzmán's leadership of the cartel also brought immense wealth and power; Forbes ranked him as one of the most powerful people in the world between 2009 and 2013,[11] while the Drug Enforcement Administration estimated that he matched the influence and wealth of Pablo Escobar.[12]

Guzmán was first captured in 1993 in Guatemala and was extradited and sentenced to 20 years in prison in Mexico for murder and drug trafficking.[2][13] He bribed prison guards and escaped from a federal maximum-security prison in 2001.[2] His status as a fugitive resulted in an $8.8 million combined reward from Mexico and the U.S. for information leading to his capture,[2] and he was arrested in Mexico in 2014.[10][14] He escaped prior to formal sentencing in 2015, through a tunnel dug by associates into his jail cell.[15] Mexican authorities recaptured him following a shoot-out in January 2016[16] and extradited him to the U.S. a year later. In 2019, he was found guilty of a number of criminal charges related to his leadership of the Sinaloa Cartel,[17] was sentenced to life imprisonment, and incarcerated in ADX Florence, Colorado, US.[18][19]

  1. ↑ "Mexico offers $3.8m reward in hunt for escaped drug lord". BBC News. 13 Hulyo 2015. Nakuha noong 14 Hulyo 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Narcotics Rewards Program: Joaquín Guzmán-Loera". U.S. Department of State. 2015. Nakuha noong 11 Pebrero 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. ↑ "Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator". Federal Bureau of Prisons. United States Department of Justice. Nakuha noong 17 Abril 2020. BOP Register Number: 89914-053{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. ↑ Beith, Malcolm (17 Hulyo 2015). "5 Things You Didn't Know About El Chapo". time.com. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 17 Hulyo 2015. Nakuha noong 12 Pebrero 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. ↑ McKay, Hollie (10 Nobyembre 2018). "Manipulation, fear, snitches, and a new cell: Behind the scenes as El Chapo goes to trial". Fox News (sa wikang Ingles). Nakuha noong 10 Pebrero 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  6. ↑ Otero, Silvia. "EU: "El Chapo" es el narco más poderoso del mundo". El Universal. Nakuha noong 11 Enero 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. ↑ "Where 7 Mexican drug cartels are active within the U.S." The Washington Post.
  8. ↑ "Justice". Fusion. Nakuha noong 12 Hulyo 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)[patay na link]
  9. ↑ "Powerful Sinaloa cartel's business unlikely to be slowed by arrest of boss 'El Chapo' Guzmán". Fox News. 20 Marso 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Partlow, Joshua; Miroff, Nick (5 Hulyo 2005). "World's top drug trafficker arrested in Mexico, U.S. official says". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Nakuha noong 22 Pebrero 2014.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  11. ↑ "Joaquin Guzman Loera". Forbes (sa wikang Ingles). Nakuha noong 13 Pebrero 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  12. ↑ Vardi, Nathan (15 Hunyo 2011). "Joaquin Guzmán Has Become The Biggest Drug Lord Ever". Forbes Magazine.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  13. ↑ Maling banggit (Hindi tamang <ref> tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalang online.wsj.com); $2
  14. ↑ "Drug lord 'El Chapo' Guzmán captured in Mexico". Fox News. 1 Disyembre 2006. Nakuha noong 24 Pebrero 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  15. ↑ "Mexican drug lord Joaquin 'El Chapo' Guzman escapes jail". BBC News. 12 Hulyo 2015. Nakuha noong 12 Hulyo 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  16. ↑ Ahmed, Azam. "El Chapo, Escaped Drug Lord, Has Been Recaptured, Mexican President Says". The New York Times. Nakuha noong 8 Enero 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  17. ↑ "Joaquin 'El Chapo' Guzman Being Extradited to the US". ABC News. Nakuha noong 19 Enero 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  18. ↑ "El Chapo sentenced to life in prison." BBC News 17 July 2019.
  19. ↑ "Mexican drug lord 'El Chapo' begins life term in Colorado 'Supermax' prison". Reuters. 21 Hulyo 2019. Nakuha noong 22 Hulyo 2019. "We can confirm that Joaquin Guzman is in the custody of the Federal Bureau of Prisons at United States Penitentiary (USP) Administrative Maximum (ADX) Florence, located in Florence, Colorado," the U.S. Bureau of Prisons said in a statement.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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