Charm quark

Charm quark
Komposisyon	Elementaryong partikulo
Estadistika	Fermionic
Henerasyon	Ikalawa
Mga interaksiyon	Malakas na interaksiyon, Mahinang interaksiyon, Elektromagnetismo, Grabidad
Simbolo	c
Antipartikulo	Charm antiquark (c)
Nag-teorisa	Sheldon Glashow,; John Iliopoulos,; Luciano Maiani (1970)
Natuklasan	Burton Richter et al. (SLAC); (1974); Samuel Ting et al. (BNL); (1974)
Masa	1.29+0.05; −0.11 GeV/c2
Nabubulok sa	Strange quark (~95%), Down quark (~5%)
Elektrikong karga	+2⁄3 e
Kargang kulay	Yes
Ikot	1⁄2
Mahinang isospin	LH: +1⁄2, RH: 0
Mahinang hyperkarga	LH: +1⁄3, RH: +4⁄3

Ang charm quark o c quark (mula sa simbolong c) ang ikatlong pinaka-masibo sa lahat ng mga qurak na isang uri ng elementaryong partikulo. Ang mga charm quark ay matatagpuan sa mga hadron na mga subatomikong partikulo na gawa sa mga quark. Ang halimbawa ng mga hadron na naglalaman ng mga charm quark ay kinabibilangan ng J/ψ meson (J/ψ), D meson(D), charmed Sigma baryons (Σc), at ibang mga charmed na partikulo. Ito kasama ng kakaibang quark ay bahagi ng ikalawang henerasyon ng materya at may elektrikong karga na +²⁄₃ e at isang bare na masa na 1.29+0.05
−0.11 GeV/c².^[1] Tulad ng lahat ng mga quark, ang charm quark ay isang elementaryong fermion na may ikot-¹⁄₂ at dumaranas ng lahat ng apat na mga pundamental na interaksiyon: grabitasyon, elektromagnetismo, mahinang interaksiyon at malakas na interaksiyon. Ang antipartikulo ng charm quark ang charm antiquark (na minsang tinatawag na anticharm quark o simpleng anticharm) na iba lamang dito sa dahilang ang ilang mga katangian nito ay may katumbas na magnitudo ngunit kabaligtarang senyas.

Ang eksistensiya ng ikaapat na quark ay inispekula ng ilang mga may-akda noong mga 1964(halimbawa nina James Bjorken at Sheldon Glashow^[4]), but its prediction is usually credited to Sheldon Glashow, John Iliopoulos and Luciano Maiani in 1970 (see GIM mechanism).^[5] The first charmed particle (a particle containing a charm quark) to be discovered was the J/ψ meson. It was discovered by a team at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), led by Burton Richter,^[6] and one at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), led by Samuel Ting.^[7]

Ang 1974 pagkakatuklas ng J/ψ (at kaya ang charm quark) naghudyat ng mga sunod sunod na pagkakatuklas na kolektibong kilala na Nobyembreng Himagsikan.

Sanggunian

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 K. Nakamura et al. (Particle Data Group) (2011). "PDGLive Particle Summary 'Quarks (u, d, s, c, b, t, b', t', Free)'" (PDF). Particle Data Group. Nakuha noong 2011-08-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Carl Rod Nave. "Transformation of Quark Flavors by the Weak Interaction". Nakuha noong 2010-12-06. The c quark has about 5% probability of decaying into a d quark instead of an s quark.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ K. Nakamura; atbp. (2010). "Review of Particles Physics: The CKM Quark-Mixing Matrix" (PDF). J. Phys. G. 37 (75021): 150. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ B.J. Bjorken, S.L. Glashow (1964). "Elementary particles and SU(4)". Physics Letters. 11 (3): 255–257. Bibcode:1964PhL....11..255B. doi:10.1016/0031-9163(64)90433-0.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ S.L. Glashow, J. Iliopoulos, L. Maiani (1970). "Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry". Physical Review D. 2 (7): 1285–1292. Bibcode:1970PhRvD...2.1285G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.2.1285.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link)
↑ J.-E. Augustin; atbp. (1974). "Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in e⁺e⁻ Annihilation". Physical Review Letters. 33 (23): 1406. Bibcode:1974PhRvL..33.1406A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1406. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ J.J. Aubert; atbp. (1974). "Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J". Physical Review Letters. 33 (23): 1404. Bibcode:1974PhRvL..33.1404A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1404. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[PDG2011-1] 1.0 ^1.1 K. Nakamura et al. (Particle Data Group) (2011). "PDGLive Particle Summary 'Quarks (u, d, s, c, b, t, b', t', Free)'" (PDF). Particle Data Group. Nakuha noong 2011-08-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[hyperphysics-2] Carl Rod Nave. "Transformation of Quark Flavors by the Weak Interaction". Nakuha noong 2010-12-06. The c quark has about 5% probability of decaying into a d quark instead of an s quark.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[PDG2010_CKM-3] K. Nakamura; atbp. (2010). "Review of Particles Physics: The CKM Quark-Mixing Matrix" (PDF). J. Phys. G. 37 (75021): 150. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[4] B.J. Bjorken, S.L. Glashow (1964). "Elementary particles and SU(4)". Physics Letters. 11 (3): 255–257. Bibcode:1964PhL....11..255B. doi:10.1016/0031-9163(64)90433-0.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[5] S.L. Glashow, J. Iliopoulos, L. Maiani (1970). "Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry". Physical Review D. 2 (7): 1285–1292. Bibcode:1970PhRvD...2.1285G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.2.1285.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link)

[6] J.-E. Augustin; atbp. (1974). "Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in e⁺e⁻ Annihilation". Physical Review Letters. 33 (23): 1406. Bibcode:1974PhRvL..33.1406A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1406. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[7] J.J. Aubert; atbp. (1974). "Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J". Physical Review Letters. 33 (23): 1404. Bibcode:1974PhRvL..33.1404A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1404. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

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