Pananaig ng batas

Ang pananaig ng batas^[2] (Ingles: rule of law) ay ang konseptong legal kung saan ang panuntunan ng batas ang nangingibabaw o nasusunod at di-dahil sa ito'y sadyang kapasiyahan o kagustuhan lamang ng opisyal ng pamahalaan. Pangunahing tinutukoy nito ang impluwensiya at awtoridad ng batas sa isang lipunan, partikular na bilang limitasyon na rin sa pag-aasal ng mga opisyal ng pamahalaan.^[3] Unang ginamit ang naturang parirala noong mga ika-16 na dantaon, at pinasikat noong ika-19 na dantaon ng isang Briton na jurist na si A. V. Dicey. Pamilyar na ang konsepto sa mga sinaunang pilosopo gaya ni Aristotle, na nagsulát na ang "Batas ang dapat mamahala".^[4]

Ipinahihiwatig ng pananaig ng batas na ang bawat mamamayan ay saklaw nito, pati na rin ang gumagawa ng batas. Sa ganitong dahilan, naitatangì ito sa isang awtokrasya, kolektibong pamumuno, diktadura, oligarkiya, na kung saan hindi karaniwang nasasaklaw ng batas ang mga namamahala (hindi nangangahulugan, ngunit tipikal lamang). Ang kawalan ng pananaig ng batas ay makikita sa mga demokrasya at diktadura, at maaaring mangyari dahil sa kapabayaan o kamangmangan sa batas, katiwalian, o kawalan ng mekanismo upang maituwid ang pang-aabuso sa pamamahala, gaya ng: isang malayang hukuman na may kultura ng pananaig-ng-batas; isang praktikal na karapatang magpetisyon upang ilahad ang mga karaingan; o halalan.

Mga sanggunian

↑ Cole, John et al. The Library of Congress, page 113 (W. W. Norton & Company 1997).
↑ "Panimula, 1987 Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas". Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2012-01-15. Nakuha noong 2014-09-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ (sa Ingles) The Oxford English Dictionary has defined "rule of law" this way:
The authority and influence of law in society, esp. when viewed as a constraint on individual and institutional behaviour; (hence) the principle whereby all members of a society (including those in government) are considered equally subject to publicly disclosed legal codes and processes.
See “Civil Affairs and Rule of Law”, Dudley Knox Library, Naval Postgraduate School (accessed October 18, 2013) (quoting the OED). The phrase "rule of law" is also sometimes used in other senses. See Garner, Bryan A. (Editor in Chief). Black's Law Dictionary, 9th Edition, p. 1448. (Thomson Reuters, 2009). ISBN 978-0-314-26578-4. The lead definition given by Black's is this: "A substantive legal principle", and the second definition is the "supremacy of regular as opposed to arbitrary power". Black's provides a total of five definitions of "rule of law".
↑ Aristotle, Politics 3.16

[1] Cole, John et al. The Library of Congress, page 113 (W. W. Norton & Company 1997).

[2] "Panimula, 1987 Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas". Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2012-01-15. Nakuha noong 2014-09-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[OED-3] (sa Ingles) The Oxford English Dictionary has defined "rule of law" this way:
The authority and influence of law in society, esp. when viewed as a constraint on individual and institutional behaviour; (hence) the principle whereby all members of a society (including those in government) are considered equally subject to publicly disclosed legal codes and processes.
See “Civil Affairs and Rule of Law”, Dudley Knox Library, Naval Postgraduate School (accessed October 18, 2013) (quoting the OED). The phrase "rule of law" is also sometimes used in other senses. See Garner, Bryan A. (Editor in Chief). Black's Law Dictionary, 9th Edition, p. 1448. (Thomson Reuters, 2009). ISBN 978-0-314-26578-4. The lead definition given by Black's is this: "A substantive legal principle", and the second definition is the "supremacy of regular as opposed to arbitrary power". Black's provides a total of five definitions of "rule of law".

[ari-4] Aristotle, Politics 3.16

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