Pandemya ng COVID-19
Ang pandemya ng COVID-19 ay isang pandemya ng COVID-19 dulot ng SARS-CoV-2. Unang naiulat ang birus sa Wuhan, Hubei, Tsina, noong Disyembre 2019.[3][4] Idineklara ng Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan ang pagsiklab bilang Kagipitan ng Pampublikong Kalusugang May Pandaigdigang Pakundangan (PHEIC) noong Enero 30, 2020, at bilang pandemya noong Marso 11, 2020.[5][6] Pagsapit ng Abril 16, 2021, naiulat ang higit sa 139 milyong kaso ng COVID-19 sa higit sa 192 bansa at teritoryo, na ikinamatay ng higit sa 2,990,000 katao. Higit sa 79,500,000 katao ang gumaling.[7]
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Sakit | COVID-19 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uri ng birus | SARS-CoV-2[a] | ||||||
Lokasyon | Buong mundo | ||||||
Unang kaso | Xiaogan, Hubei, Tsina [2] | ||||||
Pinagmulan | Wuhan, Hubei, Tsina 30°37′11″N 114°15′28″E / 30.61972°N 114.25778°E Enero 30, 2020-Mayo 5, 2023 | ||||||
Kumpirmadong kaso | 608,279,956 (milyon)[b] | ||||||
Pinaghihinalaang kaso‡ | 780, posibilidad 10% | ||||||
Gumaling | TBA | ||||||
Patay | 6,513,584 (milyong, natala) 15.8–27.2 milyon (tinataya) | ||||||
‡ Ang mga pinaghihinalaang kaso ay hindi pa nakumpirma sa ngayon dahil sa strain na ito na sinusubukan sa laboratoryo, bagaman may ilang ibang strain na hindi na pinaghihinalaan. |
Kabilang sa mga karaniwang sintomas ang lagnat, ubo, pagkapagod, pangangapos ng hininga, at pagkawala ng pangamoy.[8][13][14][15] Kinabibilangan ang mga komplikasyon ng pulmonya and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).[16] Ang karaniwang oras mula pagkalantad hanggang paglitaw ng sintomas ay halos limang araw, ngunit maaaring mula sa dalawa hanggang labing-apat na araw.[17][18] Kasalukuyang walang bakuna o partikular na gamot kontra sa birus.[8] Nakatuon ang pangunahing paggamot sa pamamahala ng sintomas at mapagsuportang terapewtika (o ang pag-ibsan ng paghirap ng pasyente).[19] Kabilang sa mga inirerekomendang hakbang sa pag-iwas sa sakit ang paghuhugas ng kamay, pagtakip sa bibig habang umuubo, pagpapanatili ng distansya sa ibang tao (partikular sa mga taong may sakit), pagsuot ng peysmask sa mga pampublikong lugar, at pagsubaybay at pagbubukod ng araw para sa mga taong pinaghihinalaang na nahawaan sila.[8][17][20] Tumugon ang mga awtoridad sa buong mundo sa pamamagitan ng pagtupad ng paghihigpit sa paglalakbay, mga lockdown, pagkontrol ng panganib sa mga pinagtatrabahuan, at pagsasara ng mga pasilidad. Nagpunyagi rin ang mga mararaming lugar para pataasin ang kapasidad ng pagsusuri at matunton ang mga kontak ng mga nahawaang tao. Nagdulot ang pandemya ng matinding pagkagambala sa pandaigdigang ekonomiya,[13] kabilang dito ang pinakamalaking pandaigdigang resesyon mula noong Matinding Depresyon.[21] Ito ay humantong sa pagpapaliban o pagkakansela ng mga kaganapan sa pakalasan, relihiyon, pulitika at kultura,[22] laganap na kakulangan ng suplay na pinalala ng pagtataranta sa pagbili,[23][24] at pagbaba ng mga emisyon ng mga pamparumi at greenhouse gas.[25][26] Ipinasara ang mga paaralan, unibersidad, at kolehiyo sa 177 bansa, na nakaapekto sa halos 98.6 porsiyento ng pandaigdigang populasyon ng mga mag-aaral.[27] Kumalat ang mga maling impormasyon tungkol sa birus online,[28] at nagkaroon ng mga pangyayari ng xenopobya at diskriminasyon laban sa mga Tsino at laban sa mga nakikita bilang Tsino, o sa mga nanggagaling sa mga lugar na may matataas na bilang ng impeksyon.[29][30][31]
Epidemiyolohiya
baguhinLokasyon[e] | Kaso[b] | Namatay[f] | Gumaling[g] | Sang. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
229 | 139,645,558 | 2,996,305 | 79,539,624 | [7] | |
Estados Unidos[h] | 1,537,830 | 90,694 | 290,542 | [39] | |
Rusya[i] | 290,678 | 2,722 | 70,209 | [40] | |
Brazil | 255,368 | 16,856 | 100,459 | [41][42] | |
Reyno Unido[j] | 246,406 | 34,796 | Walang datos | [44][45] | |
Espanya[k] | 231,606 | 27,709 | 150,376 | [46] | |
Italya | 223,885 | 31,610 | 120,205 | [47][48] | |
Alemanya[l] | 175,699 | 8,001 | 151,700 | [50][49] | |
Turkiya | 146,457 | 4,055 | 106,133 | [51] | |
Pransya[m] | 141,919 | 27,529 | 60,448 | [52] | |
Iran | 116,635 | 6,902 | 91,836 | [53] | |
Indya | 85,940 | 2,752 | 30,153 | [54] | |
Peru | 84,495 | 2,392 | 27,147 | [55][56] | |
Tsina[n] | 82,941 | 4,633 | 78,219 | [57] | |
Canada | 74,613 | 5,562 | 36,895 | [58] | |
Belhika[o] | 54,644 | 8,959 | 14,301 | [60] | |
Saudi Arabia | 49,176 | 292 | 21,869 | [61] | |
Olanda[p] | 43,681 | 5,643 | Walang datos | [63] | |
Mehiko | 45,032 | 4,767 | 30,451 | [64][65] | |
Tsile[q] | 39,542 | 394 | 16,614 | [72] | |
Pakistan | 38,799 | 834 | 10,880 | [73] | |
Ecuador | 31,467 | 3,594 | 3,433 | [74] | |
Suwisa | 30,514 | 1,595 | 27,200 | [75][76] | |
Qatar | 29,425 | 14 | 3,546 | [77] | |
Suwesya | 29,207 | 3,646 | 4,971 | [78][79] | |
Portugal | 28,583 | 1,190 | 3,328 | [80] | |
Belarus | 27,730 | 156 | 8,807 | [81] | |
Singapore | 27,356 | 21 | 7,248 | [82][83] | |
Irlanda | 23,956 | 1,518 | 19,470 | [84][85] | |
Nagkakaisang Arabong Emirato | 21,831 | 210 | 7,328 | [86] | |
Bangladesh | 20,065 | 298 | 3,882 | [87] | |
Poland | 18,016 | 907 | 6,918 | [78][88] | |
Ukranya[r] | 17,858 | 497 | 4,906 | [89] | |
Israel[s] | 16,589 | 266 | 12,587 | [90] | |
Indonesya | 16,496 | 1,076 | 3,803 | [91] | |
Rumanya | 16,437 | 1,056 | 9,370 | [92] | |
Hapon[t] | 16,253 | 729 | 10,809 | [93][94] | |
Austria | 16,135 | 628 | 14,471 | [95][96] | |
Colombia | 14,216 | 546 | 3,460 | [97] | |
Timog Aprika | 13,524 | 247 | 6,083 | [98] | |
Kuwait | 12,860 | 96 | 3,640 | [99][100] | |
Pilipinas | 12,305 | 817 | 2,561 | [101][102] | |
Republikang Dominikano | 11,739 | 424 | 3,3557 | [103] | |
Ehipto[u] | 11,228 | 592 | 3,363 | [104] | |
Timog Korea | 11,037 | 262 | 9,851 | [105] | |
Dinamarka[v] | 10,791 | 537 | 8,959 | [106] | |
Serbia[w] | 10,438 | 225 | 4,301 | [107] | |
Panama | 9,268 | 266 | 6,080 | [108] | |
Republika Tseka | 8,406 | 295 | 5,381 | [109] | |
Noruwega[x] | 8,219 | 232 | 7,114 | [112] | |
Arhentina[y] | 7,121 | 353 | 2,372 | [114] | |
Australya[z] | 7,038 | 98 | 6,337 | [115] | |
Malaysia | 6,872 | 113 | 5,512 | [116] | |
Moroko[aa] | 6,652 | 190 | 3,400 | [118] | |
Algeria | 6,629 | 536 | 3,271 | [119][120] | |
Bahrain | 6,583 | 12 | 2,640 | [121] | |
Afghanistan | 6,402 | 168 | 778 | [122] | |
Pinlandiya[ab] | 6,228 | 287 | 4,300 | [123] | |
Kazakhstan | 5,850 | 34 | 2,707 | [125] | |
Moldova[ac] | 5,745 | 202 | 2,280 | [126] | |
Ghana | 5,638 | 28 | 1,460 | [127] | |
Nigeria | 5,450 | 171 | 1,320 | [128] | |
Oman | 4,625 | 19 | 1,350 | [129] | |
Armenya | 4,283 | 55 | 1,791 | [130] | |
Luksemburgo | 3,923 | 104 | 3,682 | [131] | |
Bolivia | 3,577 | 164 | 434 | [132] | |
Unggarya | 3,473 | 448 | 1371 | [133] | |
Iraq | 3,193 | 117 | 2,089 |
[134] | |
Cameroon | 3,105 | 140 | 1,567 | [135] | |
Taylandiya | 3,025 | 56 | 2,854 | [136] | |
Aserbayan[ad] | 2,980 | 36 | 1,886 | [137] | |
Gresya | 2,810 | 162 | 1,464 | [138][139] | |
Uzbekistan | 2,691 | 11 | 2,158 | [140] | |
Puerto Rico | 2,542 | 122 | 850 | [141][39] | |
Guinea | 2,531 | 15 | 1,094 | [142] | |
Honduras | 2,460 | 134 | 264 | [143] | |
Senegal | 2,310 | 25 | 890 | [144] | |
Bosnia & Herzegovina | 2,236 | 128 | 1,336 | [145] | |
Kroasya | 2,222 | 95 | 1,869 | [146] | |
Bulgarya | 2,175 | 105 | 573 | [147] | |
Côte d'Ivoire | 2,017 | 24 | 942 | [148] | |
Sudan | 1,964 | 91 | 205 | [149] | |
Cuba[ae] | 1,840 | 79 | 1,425 | [150] | |
Islandiya | 1,802 | 10 | 1,782 | [151] | |
Estonya | 1,770 | 63 | 934 | [152] | |
Hilagang Masedonya | 1,740 | 97 | 1,251 | [153] | |
Guatemala | 1,643 | 30 | 135 | [154] | |
Litwanya | 1,534 | 55 | 988 | [155] | |
Eslobakya | 1,480 | 27 | 1,131 | [156] | |
Eslobenya | 1,465 | 103 | 270 | [157][158] | |
DR Congo[af] | 1,369 | 61 | 2129 | [159] | |
Djibouti | 1,309 | 4 | 935 | [160] | |
Somalia[ag] | 1,284 | 53 | 135 | [161] | |
El Salvador | 1,265 | 25 | 441 | [162] | |
Gabon | 1,209 | 10 | 219 | [163] | |
Bagong Silandiya[ah] | 1,148 | 21 | 1,428 | [164] | |
Tajikistan | 1,118 | 33 | 0 | [165] | |
Kyrgyzstan | 1,117 | 14 | 783 | [166] | |
USS Theodore Roosevelt[ai] | 1,102 | 1 | 53 | [167] | |
Charles de Gaulle[aj] | 1,081 | 0 | 0 | [168] | |
Hong Kong | 1,053 | 4 | 1,019 | [172] | |
Tunisia | 1,035 | 45 | 802 | [173] | |
Maldives | 1,031 | 4 | 46 | [174] | |
Latbiya | 997 | 19 | 662 | [78][175] | |
Kosovo | 944 | 29 | 690 | [176] | |
Sri Lanka | 935 | 9 | 477 | [177] | |
Albanya | 916 | 31 | 705 | [178] | |
Guinea-Bissau | 913 | 3 | 26 | [179] | |
Tsipre[ak] | 910 | 17 | 481 | [180] | |
Lebanon | 891 | 26 | 246 | [181] | |
Niger | 885 | 51 | 684 | [182] | |
Costa Rica | 843 | 8 | 542 | [183] | |
Mali | 806 | 46 | 455 | [184] | |
Kenya | 781 | 45 | 284 | [185] | |
Burkina Faso | 780 | 51 | 595 | [186] | |
Andorra | 761 | 49 | 604 | [187] | |
Paraguay | 759 | 11 | 193 | [188] | |
Uruguay[al] | 732 | 19 | 553 | [189] | |
Diamond Princess[t] | 712 | 14 | 653 | [93][190] | |
Heyorhiya[am] | 677 | 12 | 419 | [191] | |
Zambia | 668 | 7 | 152 | [192] | |
San Marino | 652 | 41 | 189 | [193] | |
Hordan | 596 | 9 | 401 | [194] | |
Gineang Ekwatoriyal | 594 | 7 | 22 | [195] | |
Malta | 532 | 6 | 458 | [196] | |
Jamaica | 511 | 9 | 121 | [197] | |
Tanzania | 509 | 21 | 183 | [198][199] | |
Venezuela | 459 | 10 | 229 | [200] | |
Sierra Leone | 447 | 27 | 97 | [201] | |
Taiwan[an] | 440 | 7 | 383 | [203] | |
Chad | 428 | 48 | 88 | [204] | |
Congo[ao] | 391 | 15 | 87 | [205] | |
Palestina | 375 | 2 | 315 | [206] | |
Benin | 339 | 2 | 83 | [207] | |
Isle of Man[ap] | 334 | 24 | 285 | [208] | |
Mawrisyo | 332 | 10 | 322 | [209] | |
Cape Verde | 326 | 2 | 67 | [210] | |
Montenegro | 324 | 9 | 311 | [211] | |
Biyetnam | 313 | 0 | 260 | [212] | |
Haiti | 310 | 20 | 19 | [213] | |
Luhansk PR[aq] | 308 | 2 | 53 | [214] | |
Republika ng Gitnang Aprika | 301 | 0 | 13 | [215][216] | |
Jersey | 297 | 27 | 226 | [217] | |
Etyopya | 287 | 5 | 112 | [218] | |
Rwanda | 287 | 0 | 177 | [219][220] | |
Nepal | 76 | 0 | 36 | [221][222] | |
Togo | 263 | 11 | 96 | [223] | |
Guernsey | 252 | 13 | 231 | [224] | |
Donetsk PR[aq] | 246 | 5 | 36 | [225] | |
Madagascar | 238 | 0 | 112 | [226] | |
São Tomé & Príncipe | 235 | 7 | 4 | [227][228] | |
Timog Sudan | 231 | 1 | 3 | [229] | |
Liberia | 219 | 20 | 108 | [230] | |
Uganda | 203 | 0 | 63 | [231][232] | |
Eswatini | 190 | 2 | 66 | [233] | |
Kapuluang Peroes | 187 | 0 | 187 | [234] | |
Myanmar | 182 | 6 | 89 | [235] | |
Guam[ai] | 154 | 5 | 128 | [39][236] | |
Costa Atlantica | 148 | 0 | 0 | [237] | |
Gibraltar | 147 | 0 | 144 | [238] | |
Brunei | 141 | 1 | 134 | [239][240] | |
Mongolia | 135 | 0 | 20 | [241] | |
Greg Mortimer[al] | 128 | 0 | Walang datos | [242] | |
Bermuda | 122 | 9 | 66 | [243] | |
Cambodia | 122 | 0 | 122 | [244] | |
Mozambique | 119 | 0 | 42 | [245] | |
Guyana | 116 | 10 | 43 | [246] | |
Trinidad & Tobago | 116 | 8 | 107 | [247] | |
Hilagang Tsipre[ar] | 108 | 4 | 104 | [248] | |
Yemen | 106 | 15 | 1 | [249] | |
Aruba | 101 | 3 | 93 | [250] | |
Bahamas | 96 | 11 | 41 | [251] | |
Monaco | 96 | 4 | 87 | [252] | |
Kapuluang Cayman | 94 | 1 | 55 | [253] | |
Barbados | 85 | 7 | 65 | [254] | |
Liechtenstein | 82 | 1 | 55 | [255][256] | |
Sint Maarten | 77 | 15 | 54 | [257] | |
Somaliland[as] | 70 | 0 | 15 | [258] | |
U.S. Virgin Islands | 69 | 6 | 61 | [259] | |
Libya | 64 | 3 | 28 | [260] | |
Polynesyang Pranses | 60 | 0 | 59 | [261] | |
Malawi | 63 | 3 | 24 | [262] | |
Syria[at] | 50 | 3 | 36 | [263] | |
Angola | 48 | 2 | 14 | [264] | |
Macau | 45 | 0 | 43 | [265] | |
Zimbabwe | 42 | 4 | 13 | [266][267] | |
Eritrea | 39 | 0 | 38 | [268] | |
Timog Osetya[au] | 30 | 0 | 0 | [269] | |
Mauritania | 29 | 3 | 7 | [270] | |
Nicaragua | 25 | 8 | 7 | [78][271] | |
Antigua at Barbuda | 24 | 3 | 11 | [272] | |
Silangang Timor | 24 | 0 | 21 | [273] | |
Botswana | 24 | 1 | 17 | [274][275] | |
Gambia | 23 | 1 | 12 | [276] | |
Grenada | 22 | 0 | 14 | [277] | |
Bhutan | 21 | 0 | 5 | [278] | |
Artsakh[av] | 20 | 0 | 8 | [269] | |
Laos | 19 | 0 | 14 | [279] | |
Hilagang Kapuluang Mariana | 19 | 2 | 12 | [280] | |
Belize | 18 | 2 | 16 | [281] | |
Fiji | 18 | 0 | 15 | [282] | |
New Caledonia | 18 | 0 | 18 | [283] | |
Santa Lucia | 18 | 0 | 18 | [284][285] | |
Abkhazia[aw] | 17 | 1 | 2 | [269] | |
Saint Vincent[ax] | 17 | 0 | 14 | [286][287] | |
Curaçao | 16 | 1 | 14 | [288] | |
Dominica | 16 | 0 | 15 | [289] | |
Namibia | 16 | 0 | 13 | [290] | |
Burundi | 15 | 1 | 7 | [291] | |
Saint Kitts & Nevis | 15 | 0 | 14 | [292] | |
Kapuluang Falkland | 13 | 0 | 13 | [293] | |
MS Zaandam[ay] | 13 | 4 | Walang datos | [296][297] | |
Coral Princess[az] | 12 | 2 | Walang datos | [299] | |
Kapuluang Turks & Caicos | 12 | 1 | 10 | [300] | |
Lungsod ng Vaticano | 12 | 0 | 2 | [301] | |
Comoros | 11 | 1 | 3 | [302] | |
Greenland | 11 | 0 | 11 | [303] | |
Montserrat | 11 | 1 | 10 | [304] | |
Seychelles | 11 | 0 | 7 | [305] | |
Suriname | 10 | 1 | 9 | [306] | |
Kapuluan ng Birheng Britaniko | 8 | 1 | 6 | [307] | |
HNLMS Dolfijn[ba] | 8 | 0 | Walang datos | [308] | |
Papua New Guinea | 8 | 0 | 8 | [311] | |
Anguilla | 3 | 0 | 3 | [312] | |
Bonaire | 2 | 0 | 2 | [313] | |
Saba | 2 | 0 | 2 | [314] | |
Sint Eustatius | 2 | 0 | 2 | [315] | |
Lesotho | 1 | 0 | 0 | [316] | |
Saint Pierre & Miquelon | 1 | 0 | 1 | [317] | |
Pagsapit ng 5 Disyembre 2024 (UTC) · Kasaysayan ng mga kaso: China, international | |||||
Notes
|
Sanligan
baguhinNoong Disyembre 31, 2019, isang kumpol ng kaso ng pulmonya sa hindi alam na kadahilanan sa Wuhan, Hubei ang naiulat ng mga awtoridad ng Tsina sa Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan,[318][319] at isang imbestigasyon ang nilunsad noong unang bahagi ng Enero 2020.[320] Noong Enero 30, idineklara ng WHO declared ang pagsiklab bilang Kagipitan ng Pampublikong Kalusugang May Pandaigdigang Pakundangan (PHEIC)—7,818 kaso ang nakumpirma sa buong mundo, at apektado ang 19 bansa sa limang rehiyon ng WHO.[321][322]
Nakabisita ang iilan sa mga unang kaso sa Bultuhang Palengke ng Pagkaing-dagat sa Huanan[323] at kung gayon ipinapalagay na ang birus ay nanggaling sa hayop.[324] Ang birus na nagdulot sa pagsiklab ay ang SARS-CoV-2 isang bagong birus na may kaugnayan sa mga coronavirus ng paniki,[325] mga coronavirus ng pangolin,[326][327] at SARS-CoV.[328] Ang pinagkasunduan ng mga siyentipiko ay nagmula sa kalikasan ang COVID-19.[329][330] Marahil naipasa ang impeksyon mula sa paniki patungo sa mga tao, lalo na ang mga taong nagpoproseso ng mga patay na painiki at guano sa paggawa ng mga tradisyonal na gamot-Tsino.[331]
Mahahanap ang pinakaunang taong may mga sintomas noong pang Disyembre 1, 2019, isang tao na walang koneksyon sa mga kalaunang kumpol sa palengke.[332][333] Sa mga unang kumpol na mga kaso na naiulat noong Disyembre 2019, dalawang-ikatlo ang natagpuang may kinalaman sa palengke.[334][335][336] Noong ika-13 ng Marso 2020, iminungkahi ng isang di-natiyak na ulat mula sa South China Morning Post ang isang kaso na natutunton pabalik sa ika-17 ng Nobyembre 2019 (isang 55 edad mula sa Hubei) na maaaring naging unang taong nahawaan.[337][338]
Itinuring ng WHO ang pagkalat ng COVID-19 bilang pandemya noong 11 Marso 2020.[339] Naiulat ng Italya, Iran, Timog Korea, at Hapon ang pagbugso ng kaso. Agad-agad nilagpasan ang kabuuang bilang ng kaso sa Tsina ng kabuuang bilang sa labas ng Tsina.[340]
Kaso
baguhinTumutukoy ang kaso sa bilang ng mga taong nasubok na para sa COVID-19, at nakumpirmang positibo itong resulta ayon sa mga opisyal na protokol.[341] Pagsapit ng ika-24 ng Mayo, ang mga bansang naglalathala ng kanilang datos sa pagsusubok ay karaniwang nagsagawa ng pagsubok katumbas ng 2.6 porsiyento ng kanilang populasyon, habang walang bansang nakasubok ng mga sampol katumbas ng higit sa 17.3 porsiyento ng kanyang populasyon.[342] Noong una, karamihan ng mga bansa ang nagkaroon ng mga opisyal na patakaran na hindi magsubok ng mga taong may banayad na sintomas lamang.[343][344] Tinatantiya ng isang pagsusuri ng unang yugto ng pagsiklab hanggang ika-23 ng Enero na hindi pa natuklasan ang 86 porsiyento ng mga nahawaan ng COVID-19, at mga ganitong di-dokumentadong impeksyon ang pinagmulan ng 79 porsiyento ng mga dokumentadong kaso.[345] Tinatantya ng iilan pang mga pagsusuri sa pamamagitan ng iba't ibang paraan na ang mga bilang ng nahawaan sa mararaming bansa ay malamang na mas malaki kaysa sa mga naiulat na kaso.[346][347]
Noong ika-9 ng Abril 2020, natuklasan ng mga paunang resulta na ang 15 porsiyento ng mga nasubok sa Gangelt, ang sentro ng pangunahing kumpulan ng impeksyon sa Alemanya, ay nagpositibo sa mga antibody.[348] Natuklasan din ng pagsusuri para sa COVID-19 sa mga babaeng buntis sa Lungsod ng New York at mga nagbibigay ng dugo sa Olanda na maaaring nagpapahiwatig ang mga tulin ng mga positibong pagsusuri sa mga antibody ng mas maraming nahawaan kaysa sa naiulat.[349][350] Gayunpaman, maaaring hindi mapagkakatiwalaan ang mga ganitong surbey ng antibody dahil sa pagkiling sa pagpili (selection bias) sa mga nagboboluntaryo sa mga pagsubok, at dahil sa mga maling positibo. Napabalita ang iilang resulta (tulad ng pagsusuri ng Gangelt) nang hindi muna dumaan sa pagsusuri (peer review).[351]
Nagpapahiwatig ang pagsusuri ayon sa edad sa Tsina na medyo kaunti lamang ang mga kasong nasa gulang 20 pababa.[352] Hindi malinaw kung ito ay dahil mas malamang na hindi nahahawaan ang mga kabataan, o mas malamang na hindi nagkakaroon ng mga malubhang sintomas at nagpapatingin sa doktor at nagpapasuri.[353] Natuklasan ng isang retrospektibong cohort study sa Tsina na pantay-pantay ang posibilidad na mahawaan ang mga kabataan at matatanda.[354] Ang mga bansang nagsusuri nang mas marami, kaugnay sa bilang ng mga namatay, ay may mas batang pamamahagi ng edad, kaugnay sa mas malawak na populasyon.[355]
Ang mga paunang pagtatantya ng pangunahing bilang ng pagpaparami (R0) para sa COVID-19 noong Enero ay nasa pagitan ng 1.4 and 2.5,[356] ngunit naghinuha ang isang kasunod na pagsusuri na maaaring ito ay halos 5.7 (na may 95 porsiyentong interbal ng kompiyansa mula 3.8 hanggang 8.9).[357] Maaaring magkaiba-iba ang R0 sa bawat populasyon at hindi dapat ikinalilito sa mabisang bilang ng pagpaparami (karaniwang tinatawag na R), na nagsasaalang-alang ng mga epekto tulad ng panlipunang pagdidistansiya at pangkalahatang imyunidad. Pagsapit ng kalagitnaan ng Mayo 2020, ang mabisang R ay malapit sa o mas mababa sa 1.0 sa mararaming bansa, na nangangahulugan na ang pagkalat ng sakit sa mga lugar na iyon ay ganoon pa rin o nababawasan.[358]
-
Kabuuang kumpirmadong kaso ng COVID-19 kada milyong katao[359]
-
Epidemic curve (epidemic curve) ng COVID-19 ayon sa petsa ng pag-ulat
-
Semi-log plot ng pang-araw-araw na bagong kaso ng COVID-19 (katamtaman ng 7 araw) sa buong mundo at limang pangunahing bansa (balasak kabilang ang mga namatay)
-
Semi-log plot ng mga kaso sa mga ilang bansa na may matataas na tulin ng paglago (pagkatapos ng Tsina) na pagtataya ng susunod na tatlong araw ayon sa mga pauliting tulin ng paglago (exponential growth rate)
-
7 araw na rolling average ng pang-araw-araw na nakumpirmang kaso kada milyon sa bawat bansa[361]
-
Linear plot ng pandaigdigang kaso, gumaling, at namatay sa COVID-19[362]
-
Kabuuang kaso ng COVID-19 kada 100 000 populasyon mula sa mga napiling bansa[363]
Kamatayan
baguhinGumagaling ang karamihan ng mga nahahawaan ng COVID-19. Para sa mga hindi gumagaling, ang oras mula paglitaw ng sintomas at kamatayan ay karaniwang nasa pagitan ng 6 hanggang 41 araw, kadalasan ay 14 araw.[364] Pagsapit ng Abril 16, 2021, naiugnay ang kamatayan ng halos 2,990,000[7] sa COVID-19. Sa Tsina, pagsapit ng ika-5 ng Pebrero, halos 80 porsiyento ng kamatayan ay naitala sa mga nakatatanda sa 60, at 75 porsiyento nito ay nagkaroon ng datihang kondisyon sa kalusugan na kinabibilangan ng mga sakit sa puso at diabetes.[365]
Ang unang kumpirmadong nangamatay ay nasa Wuhan noong ika-9 ng Enero 2020.[366] Ang unang nangamatay sa labas ng Tsina ay naganap noong ika-1 ng Pebrero sa Pilipinas,[367] at ang unang nangamatay sa labas ng Asya ay nasa Pransiya noong ika-14 ng Pebrero.[368]
Karaniwang tumutukoy ang opisyal na nasawi sa COVID-19 sa mga taong namatay pagkatapos magpositibo ayon sa mga protokol. Maaaring balewalain nito ang mga taong namatay nang hindi nasubok, hal. sa bahay o nasa nursing home.[369] Sa kabaligtaran, maaaring humantong sa labis na pagbibilang ang mga kamatayan ng mga taong may mga pinakasaligang kondisyon.[370] Ipinapahiwatig ng paghahambing ng estadistika ng kamatayan sa lahat ng kadahilanan kumpara sa pana-panahong balasak ang labis na mortalidad sa mararaming bansa.[371][372] Sa mga pinakaapektadong lugar, napakahigit ang taas ng mortalidad kumpara sa balasak. Sa Lungsod ng New York, apat na beses ang kahigitang taas ng kamatayan kaysa sa balasak, dalawang beses sa Paris, at sa mararaming bansa sa Europa, 20 hanggang 30 porsiyentong mas mataas ang kamatayan sa katamtaman kumpara sa karaniwan.[371] Maaaring kabilang sa labis na mortalidad ang mga nangamatay dahil sa natambakang sistemang pangkalusugan at pagbabawal sa patiunang siruhiya.[373]
Ipinansusukat ang iilang paraan sa mortalidad.[374] Nag-iiba ang mga bilang sa bawat rehiyon at sa paglipas ng panahon, at naiimpluwensyahan ng dami ng nasusubukan, kalidad ng sistemang pangkalusugan, mapagpipiliang paggamot, bisa at bilis ng tugon ng pamahalaan,[375][376][377] panahon mula noong unang pagsiklab, at katangian ng populasyon, tulad ng edad, kasarian, at pangkalahatang kalusugan.[378] Isinasama ng ilang bansa (tulad ng Belhika) ang mga nangamatay na pinaghihinalaang kaso ng COVID-19, nasubukan man o hindi, na nagreresulta sa mas mataas na bilang kumpara sa mga bansang nagsasama lamang nga mga kasong nakumpirma ng pagsubok.[379]
Ipinaaaninag ng tagay ng kamatayan sa kaso ang bilang ng mga nangamtay sa COVID-19 na hinati ng mga bilang ng narikonosiang kaso sa loob ng ibinigay na pagitan sa panahon. Ayon sa estadistika ng Unibersidad ng Johns Hopkins, ang pandaigdigang tagway kamatayan sa kaso ay 2.1 porsiyento (2,996,305 deaths for 139,645,558 cases) pagsapit ng Abril 16, 2021.[7] Nag-iiba-iba ang bilang sa bawat rehiyon.[380]
Mga palatandaan at sintomas
baguhinSintomas[381] | % |
---|---|
Lagnat | 87.9% |
Tuyong ubo | 67.7% |
Pagkapagod | 38.1% |
Pagkakaroon ng plema | 33.4% |
Nahihirapang huminga | 18.6% |
Sakit ng kalamnan o sakit sa kasu-kasuan | 14.8% |
Namamagang lalamunan | 13.9% |
Sakit ng ulo | 13.6% |
Panginginig | 11.4% |
Pagduduwal o pagsusuka | 5.0% |
Baradong ilong | 4.8% |
Pagdudumi | 3.7% |
Haemoptysis o pag-ubo na may kasamang dugo | 0.9% |
Baradong conjunctiva sa mata | 0.8% |
Hindi partikular ang mga sintomas ng COVID-19 at iyong mga nahawaan ay walang sintomas o nagkaroon ng sintomas ng parang sa trangkaso tulad ng lagnat, ubo, pagkapagod, hirap sa paghinga, o sakit ng kalamnan. Makikita sa katuwang na talaan sa kanan ang mga karaniwang senyas at sintomas ng sakit at kung gaano ito kalaganap.[381]
Maaring magdulot ang patuloy ng pagkakaroon ng sakit ang malubhang pulmonya, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, septic shock at kamatayan. Maaring walang sintomas ang ilang nahawaan, na nagpositibo ang resulta ng pagsubok sa pagkahawa subalit walang klinikal na sintomas, kaya pinayuhan ng mga mananaliksik ang mga taong malapitang sumasama sa ibang taong may tiyak na pagkahawa, na sumailalim sa masinsinang pagsusuri at pagmamatyag upang maalis ang pagdududa ng pagkahawa.[334][382][383][384]
Ang karaniwang panahon ng inkubasyon (ang panahon sa pagitan ng pagkahawa at simula ng sintomas) ay pumapatak mula isa hanggang labing-apat na araw; pinakakaraniwan ang limang araw.[385][386] Sa isang kaso, nagkaroon ng panahon ng inkubasyon ng 27 araw.[387]
Pagsasaliksik ukol sa COVID-19
baguhinIsang pasyenteng 38 taong gulang na babae na si Mattia Maestri ang mayroong issue sa kanyang respiratory na noon ay na admit sa ospital ng Milan na kung saan ang pasyante ay mula sa bayan ng Codogno, Ang bansang Italya ay mayroong apat na tipo, ukol sa pinagmulan ng COVID-19, Dalawa sa mga tsino ang nagkaroon ng kaso ng COVID-19 mula sa Roma na umuwi sa Tsina.[388]
Tingnan rin
baguhinSinundan: 2019 Philippines measles outbreak |
Virus cases Coronavirus 2019 |
Susunod: 2020 Hantavirus outbreak |
Mga sanggunian
baguhin- ↑ Maling banggit (Hindi tamang
<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangWHO name
); $2 - ↑ Maling banggit (Hindi tamang
<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangauto
); $2 - ↑ "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak". who.int (sa wikang Ingles). Nakuha noong 8 Marso 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus declared global health emergency" (sa wikang Ingles). BBC News. 31 Enero 2020. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 13 Pebrero 2020. Nakuha noong 13 Pebrero 2020.
- ↑ "Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)". World Health Organization (WHO). 30 Enero 2020. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 31 Enero 2020. Nakuha noong 30 Enero 2020.
- ↑ "WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19—11 Marso 2020". World Health Organization. 11 Marso 2020. Nakuha noong 11 Marso 2020.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU)". ArcGIS. Johns Hopkins University. Nakuha noong Abril 12, 2021.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 "Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)". World Health Organization (WHO). 17 April 2020. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 14 May 2020. Nakuha noong 14 May 2020. Maling banggit (Invalid na
<ref>
tag; maraming beses na binigyang-kahulugan ang pangalang "WHO2020QA" na may iba't ibang nilalaman); $2 - ↑ "How COVID-19 Spreads". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2 April 2020. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong April 3, 2020. Nakuha noong April 3, 2020.
- ↑ Bourouiba L (March 2020). "Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19". JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4756. PMID 32215590.
- ↑ "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—Transmission". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (sa wikang American English). 17 March 2020. Nakuha noong 23 March 2020.
- ↑ "Q & A on COVID-19". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Nakuha noong 30 April 2020.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Here Comes the Coronavirus Pandemic: Now, after many fire drills, the world may be facing a real fire". Editorial. The New York Times. 29 Pebrero 2020. Nakuha noong 1 Marso 2020.
- ↑ Hopkins, Claire. "Loss of sense of smell as marker of COVID-19 infection" (PDF). Ear, Nose and Throat surgery body of United Kingdom. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 27 Mayo 2020. Nakuha noong 28 Marso 2020.
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ignored (|name-list-style=
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- ↑ "Interim Clinical Guidance for Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 4 Abril 2020. Nakuha noong 11 Abril 2020.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) | CDC". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (sa wikang Ingles). 10 Pebrero 2020. Nakuha noong 11 Pebrero 2020.
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- ↑ "Caring for Yourself at Home". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 11 Pebrero 2020. Nakuha noong 23 Marso 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (sa wikang American English). 11 Pebrero 2020. Nakuha noong 9 Marso 2020.
- ↑ "The Great Lockdown: Worst Economic Downturn Since the Great Depression". IMF Blog. Nakuha noong 23 Abril 2020.
- ↑ "A List of What's Been Canceled Because of the Coronavirus". The New York Times. 1 Abril 2020. Nakuha noong 11 Abril 2020.
- ↑ Scipioni, Jade (18 Marso 2020). "Why there will soon be tons of toilet paper, and what food may be scarce, according to supply chain experts". CNBC. Nakuha noong 19 Marso 2020.
- ↑ "The Coronavirus Outbreak Could Disrupt the U.S. Drug Supply". Council on Foreign Relations. Nakuha noong 19 Marso 2020.
- ↑ Watts, Jonathan; Kommenda, Niko (23 Marso 2020). "Coronavirus pandemic leading to huge drop in air pollution". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Nakuha noong 8 Abril 2020.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ "Analysis: Coronavirus temporarily reduced China's CO2 emissions by a quarter". Carbon Brief. 19 Pebrero 2020. Nakuha noong 8 Abril 2020.
- ↑ "COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response". UNESCO (sa wikang English). 2020-03-04. Nakuha noong 2020-04-12.
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: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Clamp, Rachel (5 Marso 2020). "Coronavirus and the Black Death: spread of misinformation and xenophobia shows we haven't learned from our past". The Conversation. Nakuha noong 14 Marso 2020.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ Sui, Celine. "China's Racism Is Wrecking Its Success in Africa".
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ Tavernise, Sabrina; Oppel Jr, Richard A. (23 Marso 2020). "Spit On, Yelled At, Attacked: Chinese-Americans Fear for Their Safety". The New York Times. Nakuha noong 23 Marso 2020.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ Kuo, Lily; Davidson, Helen (29 Marso 2020). "'They see my blue eyes then jump back'—China sees a new wave of xenophobia". The Guardian.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ Lau H, Khosrawipour V, Kocbach P, Mikolajczyk A, Ichii H, Schubert J, atbp. (March 2020). "Internationally lost COVID-19 cases". Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection [Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi]. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.013. PMC 7102572. PMID 32205091.
- ↑ "Cases in U.S." CDC. 7 May 2020.
- ↑ CDC (2020-04-23). "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the U.S." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (sa wikang American English). Nakuha noong 2020-04-24.
- ↑ CDC (2020-02-11). "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (sa wikang American English). Nakuha noong 2020-04-24.
- ↑ CDC (2020-02-11). "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (sa wikang American English). Nakuha noong 2020-04-24.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 Borunda, Daniel. "Coronavirus: Fort Bliss stops releasing numbers of COVID-19 cases after Pentagon order". El Paso Times (sa wikang English). Nakuha noong 2020-04-04.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ "Naval Station Guantanamo Bay Announces Positive COVID-19 Case". www.navy.mil (sa wikang English). Naval Station Guantanamo Bay, Cuba Public Affairs. Nakuha noong 2020-04-03.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 "COVID-19/Coronavirus Real Time Updates With Credible Sources in US and Canada | 1Point3Acres". coronavirus.1point3acres.com. Nakuha noong 18 May 2020.
- ↑ Оперативные данные. По состоянию на 18 мая 10:35. Стопкоронавирус.рф (sa wikang Russian). 18 May 2020. Nakuha noong 18 May 2020.
- ↑ "Painel Coronavírus" (sa wikang Portuguese). Ministry of Health (Brazil). Nakuha noong 18 Mayo 2020.
- ↑ "Casos de coronavírus e número de mortes no Brasil em 15 de maio". G1 (sa wikang Brazilian Portuguese). 18 Mayo 2020. Nakuha noong 18 Mayo 2020.
- ↑ "Historic data". Public Health England. Nakuha noong 4 April 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the UK". coronavirus.data.gov.uk. Nakuha noong 18 Mayo 2020.
- ↑ "Number of coronavirus (COVID-19) cases and risk in the UK". www.gov.uk. Nakuha noong 18 Mayo 2020.
- ↑ "El mapa del coronavirus en España: 27.709 muertos y más de 231.600 contagiados". RTVE (sa wikang Spanish). 18 Mayo 2020. Nakuha noong 18 Mayo 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "COVID-19 ITALIA" [COVID-19 ITALY]. opendatadpc.maps.arcgis.com (sa wikang Italian). Protezione Civile. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Ministero della Salute – Nuovo coronavirus". www.salute.gov.it (sa wikang Italian). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 "Wie sich das Coronavirus in Ihrer Region ausbreitet" [How the coronavirus affects your region] (sa wikang German). Zeit Online. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 "Corona-Karte Deutschland: COVID-19 live in allen Landkreisen und Bundesländern". Tagesspiegel (sa wikang German). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı Günlük Koronavirüs Tablosu, Turkey Ministry of Health Daily Coronavirus Table". covid19.saglik.gov.tr (sa wikang Turkish). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 "info coronavirus covid-19". Gouvernment.fr (sa wikang French). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "COVID-19 takes lives of 48 others in Iran: Official". IRNA English (sa wikang English). 15 May 2020. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Home – Ministry of Health and Family Welfare – GOI". mohfw.gov.in (sa wikang English). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Ministry of Health (Peru). "Sala Situactional COVID-19 Perú" (sa wikang Spanish). Nakuha noong 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Minsa: Casos confirmados por coronavirus COVID-19 ascienden a 84 495 en el Perú ( Comunicado N° 101)" (sa wikang Spanish). Plataforma digital única del Estado Peruano. 15 May 2020. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ 截至5月15日24时新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情最新情况 (sa wikang Chinese (China)). National Health Commission. 16 May 2020. Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
- ↑ "Tracking every case of COVID-19 in Canada". CTV News. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Nieuw gemor over Belgische rapportering coronadoden". De Tijd. 16 April 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus COVID-19". info-coronavirus.be (sa wikang Dutch). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "COVID 19 Dashboard: Saudi Arabia" (sa wikang Arabic). Ministry of Health (Saudi Arabia). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus in the Netherlands: the questions you want answered". Dutch News. Nakuha noong 2020-03-30.
- ↑ "Actuele informatie over het nieuwe coronavirus (COVID-19)" (sa wikang Olandes). RIVM. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Covid-19 Mexico" (sa wikang Spanish). Instituciones del Gobierno de México. Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
- ↑ "Datos Abiertos - Dirección General de Epidemiología" (sa wikang Spanish). Secretaría de Salud, Gobierno de México.
- ↑ "Mañalich explicó nueva forma de contar contagios: hasta hoy no se sumaban asintomáticos y ahora ya son 115.135". Cooperativa.cl (sa wikang Spanish). 29 April 2020. Nakuha noong 29 April 2020.
- ↑ "Minsal: Coronavirus en Chile ya suma 10.507 contagios y 139 fallecidos". Cooperativa (sa wikang Spanish). 20 April 2020. Nakuha noong 20 April 2020.
- ↑ "Chile contabiliza a los muertos como recuperados "porque ya no pueden contagiar"". La Vanguardia. 13 April 2020.
- ↑ Soo Kim (14 April 2020). "Chile counts those who have died of COVID-19 as recovered because they're "no longer contagious," the country's health minister says". Newsweek.
- ↑ "Here's Why Chile is Counting Its Coronavirus Deaths as 'Recovered'". in.news.yahoo.com.
- ↑ "Reporte Coronavirus" (PDF). Gobierno de Chile (sa wikang Spanish). 17 April 2020. Nakuha noong 17 April 2020.
- ↑ "Casos confirmados COVID-19". Gobierno de Chile (sa wikang Spanish). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "COVID-19 Health Advisory Platform by Ministry of National Health Services Regulations and Coordination". covid.gov.pk. Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Actualización de casos de coronavirus en Ecuador". Ministerio de Salud Pública. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Cas d'infection au Sars-CoV-2 en Suisse". Tribune de Genève (sa wikang French). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Current situation in Switzerland". Federal Office of Public Health. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Covid-19". Ministry of Public Health Qatar. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 78.3 "Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU)". ArcGIS. Johns Hopkins CSSE.
- ↑ "Antal fall av covid-19 i Sverige - data uppdateras 11:30 och siffrorna är tillgängliga 14:00". Public Health Agency of Sweden – Official statistics at arcgis (sa wikang Suweko). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.
Data updated daily at 11:30 [CEST]
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|laysource=
ignored (tulong); Unknown parameter|layurl=
ignored (tulong) - ↑ "Ponto de Situação Atual em Portugal" (sa wikang Portuguese). Portugal: Ministry of Health. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "В Беларуси 27 730 человек с COVID-19. Уже больше недели стабильный прирост по более 900 случаев в сутки". tut.by (sa wikang Russian). 15 May 2020. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "UPDATES ON COVID-19 (CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019) LOCAL SITUATION". Ministry of Health (Singapore). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "1,275 MORE CASES DISCHARGED; 793 NEW CASES OF COVID-19 INFECTION CONFIRMED". Ministry of Health (Singapore). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Latest updates on COVID-19 (Coronavirus)". Department of Health (Ireland). 15 May 2020.
- ↑ McNeice, Stephen (14 May 2020). "Coronavirus: 10 more deaths and 159 new cases in Republic". Newstalk.
- ↑ "UAE CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) UPDATES". UAE's national emergency crisis and disaster management authority. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "COVID-19 Status Bangladesh". iedcr.gov.bd. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ Ministerstwo Zdrowia [@MZ_GOV_PL] (15 May 2020). "Mamy 166 nowych i potwierdzonych przypadków zakażenia #koronawirus" (Tweet) (sa wikang Polish) – sa pamamagitan ni/ng Twitter.
- ↑ Оперативна інформація про поширення коронавірусної інфекції COVID-19. Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine (sa wikang Ukrainian). Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
- ↑ נגיף הקורונה - משרד הבריאות [Coronavirus - Ministry of Health] (sa wikang Hebreo). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "COVID-19". Ministry of Health (Indonesia). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Informare COVID -19, Grupul de Comunicare Strategică, 15 mai 2020, ora 13.00" (sa wikang Romanian). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ 93.0 93.1 国内感染者1万6253人 死者729人(クルーズ船除く)新型コロナ. nhk.or.jp (sa wikang Japanese). 16 May 2020.
- ↑ 新型コロナウイルス感染症の現在の状況と厚生労働省の対応について(令和2年5月11日版). Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan) (sa wikang Japanese). 11 May 2020.
- ↑ "Neuartiges Coronavirus (2019-nCov)" (sa wikang German). Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection. Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
- ↑ "Amtliches Dashboard COVID19 – öffentlich zugängliche Informationen" (sa wikang German). Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection. Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus en Colombia" (sa wikang Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Salud. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "COVID-19 Update". NICD (sa wikang English). 2020-05-14. Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.
- ↑ @KUWAIT_MOH (15 May 2020). تعلن #وزارة_الصحة عن تأكيد إصابة 885 حالة جديدة، وتسجيل 189 حالة شفاء، و 8 حالات وفاة جديدة بـ #فيروس_كورونا_المستجدّ COVID19 ، ليصبح إجمالي عدد الحالات 12860 حالة (Tweet) – sa pamamagitan ni/ng Twitter.
- ↑ "COVID 19 Updates .::. Home". corona.e.gov.kw. Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.
- ↑ "COVID-19 Tracker". Department of Health (Philippines). Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
- ↑ "COVID 19 PH Official Website". covid19.gov.ph. Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
- ↑ "Homepage". Dominican Today (sa wikang English). Nakuha noong 15 April 2020.
- ↑ الصحة: ارتفاع حالات الشفاء من مصابي فيروس كورونا إلى 2799 وخروجهم من مستشفيات العزل والحجر الصحيالصحة: ارتفاع عدد الحالات التي تحولت نتيجة تحاليلها من إيجابية إلى سلبية لفيروس كورونا إلى 3363 حالة. Facebook (sa wikang Arabic). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.
- ↑ MOHW. "Coronavirus Disease-19, Republic of Korea". ncov.mohw.go.kr (sa wikang English).
- ↑ "Tal og overvågning af COVID-19". Coronavirus/COVID-19 (sa wikang Danes). Sundhedsstyrelsen (Danish Health Authority). 15 May 2020. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "COVID-19". covid19.rs. Ministry of Health (Serbia). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Casos de Coronavirus COVID-19 en Panamá". Ministerio de Salud de la República de Panamá (sa wikang Spanish). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "COVID-19 | Onemocnění aktuálně od MZČR" (sa wikang Tseko). Ministry of Health (Czech Republic). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ Venli, Vegard (March 23, 2020). "20.200 personer registrert med korona-diagnose". NRK.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ Kristensen, Mette (March 24, 2020). "FHI: 23.000 kan være koronasmittet". NRK.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ Nilsen, Av Sondre; Skjetne, Oda Leraan; Sfrintzeris, Yasmin; Røset, Hanna Haug; Hunshamar, Carina; Fraser, Sofie; Løkkevik, Ole. "Live: Corona-viruset sprer seg i Norge og verden". VG Nett. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ Niebieskikwiat, Natasha (12 April 2020). "Coronavirus en Argentina: los casos de las Islas Malvinas se incluirán en el total nacional". Clarín (sa wikang Spanish).
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ "Mapa del coronavirus en Argentina en tiempo real". Página 12 (sa wikang Spanish). Nakuha noong 12 May 2020.
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{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ "Covid-19 (Maklumat Terkini)". Ministry of Health of Malaysia.
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: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ Ситуация с коронавирусом официально. coronavirus2020.kz (sa wikang Russian). Kazinform. Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
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- ↑ "Coronavirus: COVID-19". Government of Luxembourg. Nakuha noong 14 May 2020.
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- ↑ โรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโคโรนา 2019 (COVID-19). Department of Disease Control (Thailand) (sa wikang Thai). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Azərbaycanda cari vəziyyət" (sa wikang Azerbaijani). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ Κοροναϊός : Στους 162 οι νεκροί στην Ελλάδα – Κατέληξαν δύο γυναίκες στο ΝΙΜΤΣ. in.gr (sa wikang Greek). 2020-05-16. Nakuha noong 2020-05-16.
- ↑ covid19 Ελλάδα. Υπουργείο Υγείας (sa wikang Greek). 15 May 2020.
- ↑ Коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19) (sa wikang Russian). Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
- ↑ "RESULTADO DE PRUEBAS PARA COVID-19 EN PUERTO RICO" (sa wikang Spanish). Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
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- ↑ "Mapa y cifras en vivo del Coronavirus en Honduras". Diario La Prensa (sa wikang Spanish). Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
- ↑ "Coronavirus : Riposte à l'épidémie : Tableau Récapitulatif des dons"" (sa wikang French). Ministry of Health and Social Action (Senegal). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
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- ↑ "Službena stranica Vlade". Croatian Institute of Public Health. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
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- ↑ "Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique". www.facebook.com (sa wikang English). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.
- ↑ وزارة الصحَّة الإتحاديَّة. www.facebook.com (sa wikang English). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.
- ↑ "Infecciones por coronavirus – COVID-19". temas.sld.cu (sa wikang Spanish). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "COVID-19 á Íslandi – Tölfræði". www.covid.is (sa wikang Islandes). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Information about Coronavirus disease COVID-19". Estonian Health Board. Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
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- ↑ "Coronavirus" (sa wikang Spanish). Ministerio de Salud Pública (Guatemala). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ "Relevant information about Coronavirus (COVID-19)". Government of the Republic of Lithuania. 16 May 2020. Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
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- ↑ "Coronavirus disease COVID-19". Ministry of Health. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: mga may-akda (link) - ↑ "SITUACIÓN NACIONAL". Ministry of Health (El Salvador) (sa wikang Spanish). Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
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- ↑ "COVID-19 – current cases". Ministry of Health (New Zealand). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ ХАБАРИ ФАВРӢ! Дар Тоҷикистон шумораи гирифторон ба Covid-19 ба 1118 нафар расид. Khovar (sa wikang Tajik). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
- ↑ Информации (sa wikang Russian). Ministry of Health (Kyrgyz Republic). Nakuha noong 16 May 2020.
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- ↑ "Visualizador de casos coronavirus COVID-19 en Uruguay". Sistema Nacional de Emergencias (sa wikang Spanish). Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
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- ↑ "Sube a 459 el número de contagiados de COVID-19 en Venezuela". elpitazo.net (sa wikang Spanish). 15 May 2020. Nakuha noong 15 May 2020.
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{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVIS-19)". USVI Department of Health. Nakuha noong 14 May 2020.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Covid 19 National Information Dashboard". Ministry of Health and Population, Malawi.
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May 2020.
{{cite nilabas sa mamamhayag}}
: Check date values in:|access-date=
(tulong); line feed character in|access-date=
at position 3 (tulong) - ↑ "Two More COVID-19 Recoveries". health.gov.vc. Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.
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- ↑ nbcnews (2020-05-15). "COVID-19 UPDATE | Minister of Health, Dr Kalumbi Shangula said Namibia now has 13 recoveries and three active cases who are in satisfactory condition and continue to be monitored. The recovery is that of case seven. So far, 2 074 cases were tested.pic.twitter.com/Eep3fL00ma". @newsonnbc (sa wikang English). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.
- ↑ Burundi Government [@BurundiGov] (2 May 2020). "02/05/2020 #Burundi #MSPLS annonce dans un communiqué de presse que 3 des 10 anciens patients sous traitement sont guéris et sont autorisés à regagner leurs familles ce samedi 02 mai 2020; Il annonce également 4 nouveaux cas positifs au #COVIDー19 @dr_thaddee @dr_JeanBosco" (Tweet) (sa wikang French). Nakuha noong 2 May 2020 – sa pamamagitan ni/ng Twitter.
- ↑ "GOVERNMENT OF ST. KITTS AND NEVIS – COVID – 19 UPDATES". Nakuha noong 10 May 2020.
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- ↑ Hines, Morgan; Deerwester, Jayme. "Holland America ships caught in COVID-19 pandemic dock in Florida; here's how disembarkation will work". USA TODAY (sa wikang American English). Nakuha noong 2020-04-03.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
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suggested) (tulong) - ↑ "Statement Regarding Zaandam | Holland America Blog" (sa wikang American English). Nakuha noong 2020-04-01.
- ↑ "Deal is done: Cruise ship with sick passengers and sister ship will be allowed to dock in Florida". NBC News (sa wikang English). Nakuha noong 2020-04-02.
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{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ Dolven, Taylor (9 April 2020). "Barred from Miami hotels, 13 Coral Princess passengers will stay on ship for 14 more days".
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "TCI COVID-19 Dashboard". Ministry of Health, Agriculture, Sports and Human Services. Nakuha noong 13 May 2020.
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- ↑ "Coronavirus-ip nutaap siaruarnera malinnaaffigiuk" (sa wikang Danish at Kalaallisut).
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- ↑ Laurence, Daniel (21 April 2020). "Seychelles and COVID-19: 984 tests conducted; 4 remain under surveillance". Seychelles News Agency. Nakuha noong 24 April 2020.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ "COVID-19". COVID SURINAME (sa wikang Dutch). Nakuha noong 3 May 2020.
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<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangcharacteristicsZH
); $2 - ↑ Perlman, S. (Pebrero 2020). "Another Decade, Another Coronavirus". The New England Journal of Medicine (sa wikang Ingles). 382 (8): 760–762. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2001126. PMID 31978944.
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<ref>
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); $2 - ↑ Zhang T, Wu Q, Zhang Z (Abril 2020). "Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS‑CoV‑2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak". Current Biology. 30 (7): 1346–1351.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.022. PMC 7156161. PMID 32197085.
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<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangoriginal_report
); $2 - ↑ Maling banggit (Hindi tamang
<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangU09eH
); $2 - ↑ "WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 11 Marso 2020". World Health Organization. 20 Marso 2020. Nakuha noong 11 Marso 2020.
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{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ "Special Report: Italy and South Korea virus outbreaks reveal disparity in deaths and tactics". Reuters. 13 Marso 2020. Nakuha noong 30 Marso 2020.
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- ↑ Lau H, Khosrawipour V, Kocbach P, Mikolajczyk A, Ichii H, Schubert J, atbp. (Marso 2020). "Internationally lost COVID-19 cases". Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.013. PMC 7102572. PMID 32205091.
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{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ Sutton D, Fuchs K, D'Alton M, Goffman D (Abril 2020). "Universal Screening for SARS-CoV-2 in Women Admitted for Delivery". The New England Journal of Medicine. 0. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2009316. PMC 7175422. PMID 32283004.
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{{cite journal}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ "China: age distribution of novel coronavirus patients 2020". Statista. Nakuha noong 11 Abril 2020.
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{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ Bi, Qifang; Wu, Yongsheng; Mei, Shujiang; Ye, Chenfei; Zou, Xuan; Zhang, Zhen; Liu, Xiaojian; Wei, Lan; Truelove, Shaun A.; Zhang, Tong; Gao, Wei (27 Abril 2020). "Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 0. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30287-5. ISSN 1473-3099. PMC 7185944. PMID 32353347.
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{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ Maling banggit (Hindi tamang
<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangLOH8x
); $2 - ↑ Maling banggit (Hindi tamang
<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangwhosituationreports
); $2 - ↑ "Daily confirmed COVID-19 cases". Our World in Data. Nakuha noong 18 Mayo 2020.
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<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangpathogenesis
); $2 - ↑ Maling banggit (Hindi tamang
<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangAutoDW-22
); $2 - ↑ Maling banggit (Hindi tamang
<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangAutoDW-25
); $2 - ↑ Maling banggit (Hindi tamang
<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangNYT2020PhilDeath
); $2 - ↑ Maling banggit (Hindi tamang
<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangAutoDW-27
); $2 - ↑ "Italy's coronavirus deaths could be underestimated in data: Official". Reuters. 31 Marso 2020.
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{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ "Tracking covid-19 excess deaths across countries". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Nakuha noong 22 Abril 2020.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link) - ↑ Johnson, Miles (5 Abril 2020). "Fewer deaths in Veneto offer clues for fight against virus". www.ft.com (sa wikang British English). Nakuha noong 25 Mayo 2020.
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{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=
ignored (|name-list-style=
suggested) (tulong) - ↑ "Why Belgium's Death Rate Is So High: It Counts Lots Of Suspected COVID-19 Cases". NPR. Nakuha noong 25 Abril 2020.
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<ref>
tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalangWHO report 28 February 2020
); $2 - ↑ Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, atbp. (Pebrero 2020). "Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China". The New England Journal of Medicine (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. PMID 32109013.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19): How long is the incubation period for COVID-19?". WHO.int (sa wikang Ingles). World Health Organization. Nakuha noong 26 Pebrero 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Coronavirus incubation could be as long as 27 days, Chinese provincial government says" (sa wikang Ingles). Reuters. 22 Pebrero 2020.
- ↑ https://www.akoaypilipino.eu/balita/italya/covid19-may-apat-na-tipo-sa-italya
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