Mga Himagsikan ng 1989

Ang Mga Himagsikan ng 1989, kilala rin bilang Taglagas ng mga Bansa at Pagbagsak ng Komunismo, ay rebolusyonaryong serye ng mga kilusang mala-demokrasyang liberal na nagresulta sa pagbagsak ng karamihan sa Marxist–Leninistang pamahalaan sa Silangang Bloke at iba pang bahagi ng mundo. Minsan ang rebolusyonaryong alon na ito ay tinatawag ding Fall of Nations o ang Autumn of Nations, isang dula sa terminong Spring of Nations na minsan ay ginagamit upang ilarawan ang Mga Rebolusyon ng 1848 sa Europa. Maaaring nag-ambag ito sa tuluyang pagkawasak ng Soviet Union—ang pinakamalaking Marxist–Leninist na estado sa mundo—at ang pag-abandona sa mga rehimeng komunista sa maraming bahagi ng mundo, na ang ilan ay marahas na ibinagsak. Ang mga pangyayari, lalo na ang pagbagsak ng Unyong Sobyet, ay lubhang nagpabago sa balanse ng kapangyarihan, na nagmarka ng pagtatapos ng Digmaang Malamig at ang simula ng post-panahon ng Digmaang Malamig.

Mga Himagsikan ng 1989
Bahagi ng Digmaang Malamig
The fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989
Petsa	16 December 1986 – 28 June 1996 (9 taon, 6 buwan, 1 linggo at 5 araw) Main phase: 12 May 1988 – 26 December 1991 (3 taon, 7 buwan at 2 linggo)
Pook	Gitna at Silangang Europa: Albanya Bulgarya Hungriya Polonya Rumanya Silangang Alemanya Tsekoslobakya Unyong Sobyetiko Bahagya sa: Asya • Aprika • Amerikang Latino
Caused by	Political repression Totalitarismo Awtoritarismo Democratization Nasyonalismo Religious persecution Austerity Economic crises and consumerist pressure Anti-komunismo
Methods	(mostly civil disobedience) Reform Mass protests Civil unrest Riots War
Resulted in	End of most communist states End of the Cold War Spread of liberal democracy End of the Soviet Union as a superpower and its dissolution on 26 December 1991 Collapse of the one-party state regimes, democratic centralism, planned economy Socio-economic reforms in China, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, Comecon, and Eastern Bloc Formation of the Russian Federation and the independence of 15 states from the former Soviet Union Transfer of power to multi-party governments in Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Mongolia, and Albania Fall of old system of economy in other communist countries, transition from a state-run economic model to a private one in the former Eastern Bloc countries; dismantling of the command economies and privatization of state-owned enterprise; the spread of capitalist and free-market economy system after economic crises in former communist countries Establishment of a non-communist government in Cambodia Many communist parties and their politicians recast themselves into adherents of social democracy or democratic socialism The rise of populism and neutral forces German reunification Yemeni unification Dissolution of Czechoslovakia Breakup of Yugoslavia and start of the Yugoslav Wars Skepticism about communism all over the world associated with decreasing support for various communist and left-wing parties, especially in Europe and Asia, the collapse of communist-dominated governments in Afghanistan, Angola, Benin, Congo-Brazzaville, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Somalia, and South Yemen The spread of Western culture, capitalism to previously sealed-off communist countries, including Russia and Eastern Europe Expansion of Western media and Internet in former socialist and communist countries Failure of Soviet forces in Afghanistan and fall of communist Afghan state Emigration of Soviet and Eastern Bloc Jews to Israel Suppression of the Chinese democracy movement and the rise of China's anti-Western sentiments Start of the Special Period in Cuba Attenuation of the socio-economy of North Korea and abandonment of Marxism–Leninism in favor of Juche Weakening of communist movements and increase in criticism of Marxism More improvement in conflicts in international relations Rise of Islamic extremism Creation and expansion of the European Union Former Soviet Bloc countries in Eastern Europe join NATO The United States becomes the world's sole superpower Renewed tensions between the Western world and Russia in the 21st century