Pandemya ng COVID-19

kasalukuyang nagaganap na pandemya dulot ng SARS-CoV-2

Ang pandemya ng COVID-19 ay isang pandemya ng COVID-19 dulot ng SARS-CoV-2. Unang naiulat ang birus sa Wuhan, Hubei, Tsina, noong Disyembre 2019.[3][4] Idineklara ng Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan ang pagsiklab bilang Kagipitan ng Pampublikong Kalusugang May Pandaigdigang Pakundangan (PHEIC) noong Enero 30, 2020, at bilang pandemya noong Marso 11, 2020.[5][6] Pagsapit ng Abril 16, 2021, naiulat ang higit sa 139 milyong kaso ng COVID-19 sa higit sa 192 bansa at teritoryo, na ikinamatay ng higit sa 2,990,000 katao. Higit sa 79,500,000 katao ang gumaling.[7]

Pandemya ng COVID-19
Mapa ng kumpirmadong kaso kada tao mula ika-25 ng Mayo 2020
  10+ kumpirmadong kaso kada 1,000
  3–10 kumpirmadong kaso kada 1,000
  1–3 kumpirmadong kaso kada 1,000
  0.3–1 kumpirmadong kaso kada 1,000
  0.1–0.3 kumpirmadong kaso kada 1,000
  >0–0.1 kumpirmadong kaso kada 1,000
  Walang kumpirmadong kaso o walang datos
Mapa ng kumpirmadong kaso
Map ng kabuuang kumpirmadong kaso mula ika-24 ng Mayo
  1,000,000+ kumpirmadong kaso
  100,000–999,999 kumpirmadong kaso
  10,000–99,999 kumpirmadong kaso
  1,000–9,999 kumpirmadong kaso
  100–999 kumpirmadong kaso
  1–99 kumpirmadong kaso
  Walang kumpirmadong kaso o walang datos
Mapa ng mga kumpirmadong namatay kada tao
Mapa ng kumpirmadong namatay kada tao mula ika-24 ng Mayo 2020
  100+ kumpirmadong namatay kada milyon
  10–100 kumpirmadong namatay kada milyon
  1–10 kumpirmadong namatay kada milyon
  0.1–1 kumpirmadong namatay kada milyon
  >0–0.1 kumpirmadong namatay kada milyon
  Walang kumpirmadong namatay o walang datos
A nurse caring for a patient with COVID-19 in an intensive care unit
Taiwanese 33rd Chemical Corps spraying disinfectant on a street in Taipei
Passengers at Linate Airport in Milan have their temperatures taken
Almost empty supermarket aisle in Melbourne, Australia
(Paikot sa kanan mula sa itaas)
  • Isang nars na nag-aalaga sa pasyente ng COVID-19 sa intensive care unit habang nakasakay sa isang Amerikanong ospital na barko
  • Ang outbreak task force ng pamahalaan ng Italya
  • Mga sasakyang pandisenpektante sa Taipei, Taiwan
  • Mga pagsisiyasat sa kalusugan sa Paliparan ng Linate, Milan, Italya
  • Paubos na suplay sa isang Australyanong supermerkado dahil sa matarantang pagbibili
SakitCOVID-19
Uri ng birusSARS-CoV-2[a]
LokasyonBuong mundo
Unang kasoXiaogan, Hubei, Tsina [2]
PinagmulanWuhan, Hubei, Tsina
30°37′11″N 114°15′28″E / 30.61972°N 114.25778°E / 30.61972; 114.25778
Enero 30, 2020-Mayo 5, 2023
Kumpirmadong kaso608,279,956 (milyon)[b]
Pinaghihinalaang kaso780, posibilidad 10%
GumalingTBA
Patay
6,513,584 (milyong, natala)
15.8–27.2 milyon (tinataya)
Ang mga pinaghihinalaang kaso ay hindi pa nakumpirma sa ngayon dahil sa strain na ito na sinusubukan sa laboratoryo, bagaman may ilang ibang strain na hindi na pinaghihinalaan.
Karaniwang naipapasa ang sakit sa mga ibang tao sa malapitang pakikitungo,[c] kadalasan sa pamamagitan ng mga maliit na patak kapag umuubo,[d] bumabahing, at nagsasalita.[8][11][12] Kadalasan, nahuhulog ang mga patak sa sahig o sa mga ibabaw sa halip na lumipad sa hangin sa malalayong distansiya.[8] Di-ganoong karaniwan, maaaring mahawaan ang isang tao kung hahawakan niya ang isang kontiminadong bagay at pagkatapos nito ay hahawakan niya ang kanyang mukha.[8][kailangan ng sanggunian] Pinakanakahahawa ito sa unang ikaltlong araw sa pagkatapos ng paglitaw ng sintomas, ngunit maaaring makahawa bago lumitaw ang mga sintomas, at mula sa mga taong walang sintomas.[8]

Kabilang sa mga karaniwang sintomas ang lagnat, ubo, pagkapagod, pangangapos ng hininga, at pagkawala ng pangamoy.[8][13][14][15] Kinabibilangan ang mga komplikasyon ng pulmonya and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).[16] Ang karaniwang oras mula pagkalantad hanggang paglitaw ng sintomas ay halos limang araw, ngunit maaaring mula sa dalawa hanggang labing-apat na araw.[17][18] Kasalukuyang walang bakuna o partikular na gamot kontra sa birus.[8] Nakatuon ang pangunahing paggamot sa pamamahala ng sintomas at mapagsuportang terapewtika (o ang pag-ibsan ng paghirap ng pasyente).[19] Kabilang sa mga inirerekomendang hakbang sa pag-iwas sa sakit ang paghuhugas ng kamay, pagtakip sa bibig habang umuubo, pagpapanatili ng distansya sa ibang tao (partikular sa mga taong may sakit), pagsuot ng peysmask sa mga pampublikong lugar, at pagsubaybay at pagbubukod ng araw para sa mga taong pinaghihinalaang na nahawaan sila.[8][17][20] Tumugon ang mga awtoridad sa buong mundo sa pamamagitan ng pagtupad ng paghihigpit sa paglalakbay, mga lockdown, pagkontrol ng panganib sa mga pinagtatrabahuan, at pagsasara ng mga pasilidad. Nagpunyagi rin ang mga mararaming lugar para pataasin ang kapasidad ng pagsusuri at matunton ang mga kontak ng mga nahawaang tao. Nagdulot ang pandemya ng matinding pagkagambala sa pandaigdigang ekonomiya,[13] kabilang dito ang pinakamalaking pandaigdigang resesyon mula noong Matinding Depresyon.[21] Ito ay humantong sa pagpapaliban o pagkakansela ng mga kaganapan sa pakalasan, relihiyon, pulitika at kultura,[22] laganap na kakulangan ng suplay na pinalala ng pagtataranta sa pagbili,[23][24] at pagbaba ng mga emisyon ng mga pamparumi at greenhouse gas.[25][26] Ipinasara ang mga paaralan, unibersidad, at kolehiyo sa 177 bansa, na nakaapekto sa halos 98.6 porsiyento ng pandaigdigang populasyon ng mga mag-aaral.[27] Kumalat ang mga maling impormasyon tungkol sa birus online,[28] at nagkaroon ng mga pangyayari ng xenopobya at diskriminasyon laban sa mga Tsino at laban sa mga nakikita bilang Tsino, o sa mga nanggagaling sa mga lugar na may matataas na bilang ng impeksyon.[29][30][31]

Buod sa bidyeo (iskrip) tungkol sa sakit na coronavirus

Epidemiyolohiya

baguhin
Pandemya ng COVID-19 ayon sa bansa at teritoryo
Lokasyon[e] Kaso[b] Namatay[f] Gumaling[g] Sang.
229 139,645,558 2,996,305 79,539,624 [7]
  Estados Unidos[h] 1,537,830 90,694 290,542 [39]
  Rusya[i] 290,678 2,722 70,209 [40]
  Brazil 255,368 16,856 100,459 [41][42]
  Reyno Unido[j] 246,406 34,796 Walang datos [44][45]
  Espanya[k] 231,606 27,709 150,376 [46]
  Italya 223,885 31,610 120,205 [47][48]
  Alemanya[l] 175,699 8,001 151,700 [50][49]
  Turkiya 146,457 4,055 106,133 [51]
  Pransya[m] 141,919 27,529 60,448 [52]
  Iran 116,635 6,902 91,836 [53]
  Indya 85,940 2,752 30,153 [54]
  Peru 84,495 2,392 27,147 [55][56]
  Tsina[n] 82,941 4,633 78,219 [57]
  Canada 74,613 5,562 36,895 [58]
  Belhika[o] 54,644 8,959 14,301 [60]
  Saudi Arabia 49,176 292 21,869 [61]
  Olanda[p] 43,681 5,643 Walang datos [63]
  Mehiko 45,032 4,767 30,451 [64][65]
  Tsile[q] 39,542 394 16,614 [72]
  Pakistan 38,799 834 10,880 [73]
  Ecuador 31,467 3,594 3,433 [74]
  Suwisa 30,514 1,595 27,200 [75][76]
  Qatar 29,425 14 3,546 [77]
  Suwesya 29,207 3,646 4,971 [78][79]
  Portugal 28,583 1,190 3,328 [80]
  Belarus 27,730 156 8,807 [81]
  Singapore 27,356 21 7,248 [82][83]
  Irlanda 23,956 1,518 19,470 [84][85]
  Nagkakaisang Arabong Emirato 21,831 210 7,328 [86]
  Bangladesh 20,065 298 3,882 [87]
  Poland 18,016 907 6,918 [78][88]
  Ukranya[r] 17,858 497 4,906 [89]
  Israel[s] 16,589 266 12,587 [90]
  Indonesya 16,496 1,076 3,803 [91]
  Rumanya 16,437 1,056 9,370 [92]
  Hapon[t] 16,253 729 10,809 [93][94]
  Austria 16,135 628 14,471 [95][96]
  Colombia 14,216 546 3,460 [97]
  Timog Aprika 13,524 247 6,083 [98]
  Kuwait 12,860 96 3,640 [99][100]
  Pilipinas 12,305 817 2,561 [101][102]
  Republikang Dominikano 11,739 424 3,3557 [103]
  Ehipto[u] 11,228 592 3,363 [104]
  Timog Korea 11,037 262 9,851 [105]
  Dinamarka[v] 10,791 537 8,959 [106]
  Serbia[w] 10,438 225 4,301 [107]
  Panama 9,268 266 6,080 [108]
  Republika Tseka 8,406 295 5,381 [109]
  Noruwega[x] 8,219 232 7,114 [112]
  Arhentina[y] 7,121 353 2,372 [114]
  Australya[z] 7,038 98 6,337 [115]
  Malaysia 6,872 113 5,512 [116]
  Moroko[aa] 6,652 190 3,400 [118]
  Algeria 6,629 536 3,271 [119][120]
  Bahrain 6,583 12 2,640 [121]
  Afghanistan 6,402 168 778 [122]
  Pinlandiya[ab] 6,228 287 4,300 [123]
  Kazakhstan 5,850 34 2,707 [125]
  Moldova[ac] 5,745 202 2,280 [126]
  Ghana 5,638 28 1,460 [127]
  Nigeria 5,450 171 1,320 [128]
  Oman 4,625 19 1,350 [129]
  Armenya 4,283 55 1,791 [130]
  Luksemburgo 3,923 104 3,682 [131]
  Bolivia 3,577 164 434 [132]
  Unggarya 3,473 448 1371 [133]
  Iraq 3,193 117 2,089
[134]
  Cameroon 3,105 140 1,567 [135]
  Taylandiya 3,025 56 2,854 [136]
  Aserbayan[ad] 2,980 36 1,886 [137]
  Gresya 2,810 162 1,464 [138][139]
  Uzbekistan 2,691 11 2,158 [140]
  Puerto Rico 2,542 122 850 [141][39]
  Guinea 2,531 15 1,094 [142]
Honduras 2,460 134 264 [143]
  Senegal 2,310 25 890 [144]
  Bosnia & Herzegovina 2,236 128 1,336 [145]
  Kroasya 2,222 95 1,869 [146]
  Bulgarya 2,175 105 573 [147]
  Côte d'Ivoire 2,017 24 942 [148]
  Sudan 1,964 91 205 [149]
  Cuba[ae] 1,840 79 1,425 [150]
  Islandiya 1,802 10 1,782 [151]
  Estonya 1,770 63 934 [152]
  Hilagang Masedonya 1,740 97 1,251 [153]
  Guatemala 1,643 30 135 [154]
  Litwanya 1,534 55 988 [155]
  Eslobakya 1,480 27 1,131 [156]
  Eslobenya 1,465 103 270 [157][158]
  DR Congo[af] 1,369 61 2129 [159]
  Djibouti 1,309 4 935 [160]
  Somalia[ag] 1,284 53 135 [161]
  El Salvador 1,265 25 441 [162]
  Gabon 1,209 10 219 [163]
  Bagong Silandiya[ah] 1,148 21 1,428 [164]
  Tajikistan 1,118 33 0 [165]
  Kyrgyzstan 1,117 14 783 [166]
  USS Theodore Roosevelt[ai] 1,102 1 53 [167]
  Charles de Gaulle[aj] 1,081 0 0 [168]
  Hong Kong 1,053 4 1,019 [172]
  Tunisia 1,035 45 802 [173]
  Maldives 1,031 4 46 [174]
  Latbiya 997 19 662 [78][175]
  Kosovo 944 29 690 [176]
  Sri Lanka 935 9 477 [177]
  Albanya 916 31 705 [178]
  Guinea-Bissau 913 3 26 [179]
  Tsipre[ak] 910 17 481 [180]
  Lebanon 891 26 246 [181]
  Niger 885 51 684 [182]
  Costa Rica 843 8 542 [183]
  Mali 806 46 455 [184]
  Kenya 781 45 284 [185]
  Burkina Faso 780 51 595 [186]
  Andorra 761 49 604 [187]
  Paraguay 759 11 193 [188]
  Uruguay[al] 732 19 553 [189]
  Diamond Princess[t] 712 14 653 [93][190]
  Heyorhiya[am] 677 12 419 [191]
  Zambia 668 7 152 [192]
  San Marino 652 41 189 [193]
  Hordan 596 9 401 [194]
  Gineang Ekwatoriyal 594 7 22 [195]
  Malta 532 6 458 [196]
  Jamaica 511 9 121 [197]
  Tanzania 509 21 183 [198][199]
  Venezuela 459 10 229 [200]
  Sierra Leone 447 27 97 [201]
  Taiwan[an] 440 7 383 [203]
  Chad 428 48 88 [204]
  Congo[ao] 391 15 87 [205]
  Palestina 375 2 315 [206]
  Benin 339 2 83 [207]
  Isle of Man[ap] 334 24 285 [208]
  Mawrisyo 332 10 322 [209]
  Cape Verde 326 2 67 [210]
  Montenegro 324 9 311 [211]
  Biyetnam 313 0 260 [212]
  Haiti 310 20 19 [213]
  Luhansk PR[aq] 308 2 53 [214]
  Republika ng Gitnang Aprika 301 0 13 [215][216]
  Jersey 297 27 226 [217]
  Etyopya 287 5 112 [218]
  Rwanda 287 0 177 [219][220]
  Nepal 76 0 36 [221][222]
  Togo 263 11 96 [223]
  Guernsey 252 13 231 [224]
  Donetsk PR[aq] 246 5 36 [225]
  Madagascar 238 0 112 [226]
  São Tomé & Príncipe 235 7 4 [227][228]
  Timog Sudan 231 1 3 [229]
  Liberia 219 20 108 [230]
  Uganda 203 0 63 [231][232]
  Eswatini 190 2 66 [233]
  Kapuluang Peroes 187 0 187 [234]
  Myanmar 182 6 89 [235]
  Guam[ai] 154 5 128 [39][236]
  Costa Atlantica 148 0 0 [237]
  Gibraltar 147 0 144 [238]
  Brunei 141 1 134 [239][240]
  Mongolia 135 0 20 [241]
  Greg Mortimer[al] 128 0 Walang datos [242]
  Bermuda 122 9 66 [243]
  Cambodia 122 0 122 [244]
  Mozambique 119 0 42 [245]
  Guyana 116 10 43 [246]
  Trinidad & Tobago 116 8 107 [247]
  Hilagang Tsipre[ar] 108 4 104 [248]
  Yemen 106 15 1 [249]
  Aruba 101 3 93 [250]
  Bahamas 96 11 41 [251]
  Monaco 96 4 87 [252]
  Kapuluang Cayman 94 1 55 [253]
  Barbados 85 7 65 [254]
  Liechtenstein 82 1 55 [255][256]
  Sint Maarten 77 15 54 [257]
  Somaliland[as] 70 0 15 [258]
  U.S. Virgin Islands 69 6 61 [259]
  Libya 64 3 28 [260]
  Polynesyang Pranses 60 0 59 [261]
  Malawi 63 3 24 [262]
  Syria[at] 50 3 36 [263]
  Angola 48 2 14 [264]
  Macau 45 0 43 [265]
  Zimbabwe 42 4 13 [266][267]
  Eritrea 39 0 38 [268]
  Timog Osetya[au] 30 0 0 [269]
  Mauritania 29 3 7 [270]
  Nicaragua 25 8 7 [78][271]
  Antigua at Barbuda 24 3 11 [272]
  Silangang Timor 24 0 21 [273]
  Botswana 24 1 17 [274][275]
  Gambia 23 1 12 [276]
  Grenada 22 0 14 [277]
  Bhutan 21 0 5 [278]
  Artsakh[av] 20 0 8 [269]
  Laos 19 0 14 [279]
  Hilagang Kapuluang Mariana 19 2 12 [280]
  Belize 18 2 16 [281]
  Fiji 18 0 15 [282]
  New Caledonia 18 0 18 [283]
  Santa Lucia 18 0 18 [284][285]
  Abkhazia[aw] 17 1 2 [269]
  Saint Vincent[ax] 17 0 14 [286][287]
  Curaçao 16 1 14 [288]
  Dominica 16 0 15 [289]
  Namibia 16 0 13 [290]
  Burundi 15 1 7 [291]
  Saint Kitts & Nevis 15 0 14 [292]
  Kapuluang Falkland 13 0 13 [293]
  MS Zaandam[ay] 13 4 Walang datos [296][297]
  Coral Princess[az] 12 2 Walang datos [299]
  Kapuluang Turks & Caicos 12 1 10 [300]
  Lungsod ng Vaticano 12 0 2 [301]
  Comoros 11 1 3 [302]
  Greenland 11 0 11 [303]
  Montserrat 11 1 10 [304]
  Seychelles 11 0 7 [305]
  Suriname 10 1 9 [306]
  Kapuluan ng Birheng Britaniko 8 1 6 [307]
  HNLMS Dolfijn[ba] 8 0 Walang datos [308]
  Papua New Guinea 8 0 8 [311]
  Anguilla 3 0 3 [312]
  Bonaire 2 0 2 [313]
  Saba 2 0 2 [314]
  Sint Eustatius 2 0 2 [315]
  Lesotho 1 0 0 [316]
  Saint Pierre & Miquelon 1 0 1 [317]
Pagsapit ng 5 Disyembre 2024 (UTC) · Kasaysayan ng mga kaso: China, international
Notes
  1. Bilang buod, ang artikulong ito ay tungkol sa pandemya ng coronavirus, na dulot ng sakit na COVID-19, na dulot ng birus na SARS‑CoV‑2.[1]
  2. 2.0 2.1 Ipinapakita ng bilang na ito ang kabuuang bilangng mga naitalang kumpirmadong kaso ng tao sa ngayon. Malamang na mas mataas ang aktwal na bilang ng mga impeksyon at kaso kaysa naiulat.[32]
    Maaaring magkaiba ang kabuuang bilang ng kaso at kabuuan na nailagay rito dahil sa dalas ng pagsapanahon ng mga halaga para sa bawat lokasyon.
    Iba-iba ang mga pamantayan sa pag-ulat at kapasidad na magsuri sa bawat bansa.
  3. Binibigyang-kahulugan ang malapitang pakikitungo bilang isang metro (~3.3 talampakan) ng WHO[8] at ~1.8 metro (6 talampakan) ng CDC.[9]
  4. Ang ubo na hindi natakpan ay maaaring maglakbay hanggang 8.2 metro (27 talampakan).[10]
  5. Mga bansa, teritoryo, at pandaigdigang sasaksyan kung saan narikonosi ang mga kaso. Maaaring iba-iba ang nasyonalidad ng nahawaan at ang pinagmulan ng impeksyon. Para sa mga ilang bansa, hinati ang mga kaso sa kani-kanilang teritoryo at naitala alinsunod dito.
  6. Maaaring magkaiba ang kabuuang bilang ng namatay at kabuuan na nailagay rito dahil sa dalas ng pagsapanahon ng mga halaga para sa bawat lokasyon. Iba-iba ang mga pamantayan sa pag-ulat sa bawat bansa.
  7. Mga naiulat na nakagaling. Maaaring hindi ito tugma sa mga aktuwal na bilang sa kasalukuyan at maaaring hindi naiulat ang lahat ng mga nakagaling. Maaaring magkaiba ang kabuuang bilang ng gumaling at kabuuan na nailagay rito dahil sa dalas ng pagsapanahon ng mga halaga para sa bawat lokasyon.
  8. Estados Unidos
    1. Kasama sa bilang ang mga kaso mula sa Grand Princess.
    2. Hindi kasama sa bilang ang mga di-ingkorporadong teritoryo ng Puerto Rico, Guam, Hilagang Kapuluang Mariana, at U.S. Virgin Islands, pawang nakalista nang magkahiwalay.
    3. Hindi lahat ng mga estado o teritoryo sa ibayong dagat ay nag-uulat ng datos ng gumaling.
    4. Kabilang sa mga kaso ang mga kasong narikonosi sa klinika ayon sa patnubay ng CDC.[33]
    5. Kabilang sa gumaling at namatay ang mga posibleng namatay at ang mga taong pinalaya mula sa kuwarentena ayon sa patnubay ng CDC.[34][35][36]
    6. Inilalabas lamang ang mga bilang mula sa Kagawaran ng Depensa ng Estados Unidos sa bawat sangay mula Abril 2020, nang walang pagkakaiba sa lokal at dayuhang pagkapuwesto, at maaaring maiulat sa mga lokal na awtoridad sa kalusugan.[37]
    7. Magkahiwalay na iniuulat ang mga kaso mula sa USS Theodore Roosevelt, kasalukuyang nakadaong sa Guam, sa mga pambansang bilang ngunit isinasama sa kabuuan ng Hukbong-dagat.
    8. Mayroon ding isang kasong naiulat mula sa Guantanamo Bay Naval Base na hindi kabilang sa anumang bilang ng mga ibang bansa o teritoryo.[38] Mula Abril 2020, ipinag-utos ng Kagawaran ng Depensa ng Estados Unidos ang lahat ng mga base, kasama ang Guantanamo Bay, to na hindi magsapubliko ng mga estadistika ng mga kaso.[37]
  9. Rusya
    1. Kasama ang mga kaso mula sa pinag-aagawang Crimea at Sevastopol.
    2. Hindi kasama ang mga kaso mula sa Diamond Princess, isang barkong pangliwaliw, na nakagrupo bilang "sa isang pandaigdigang sasakyan".
  10. Reyno Unido
    1. Hindi kasama ang lahat ng mga Britanikong Teritoryo sa Ibayong Dagat at mga dependensya ng korona.
    2. Pagsapit ng 23 Marso 2020, hindi inilalathala ng pamahalaan ng Reyno Unido ang bilang ng mga gumagaling. Huli itong naisapanahon noong 22 Marso kung kailan naiulat ang 135 gumaling na pasyente.[43]
  11. Espanya
    1. Hindi kasama ang mga kasong nakumpira sa serolohiya.
  12. Alemanya
    1. Hindi binibilang ng lahat ng mga awtoridad ng estado ang mga gumagaling.[49]
    2. Kasama sa gumagaling ang mga pagtatantya ng Suriang Robert Koch.[49][50]
  13. Pransya
    1. Kasama ang mga rehiyon ng Pranses sa ibayong dagat Saint Martin at Saint Barthélemy.
    2. Hindi kasama ang mga kolektibidad ng Bagong Caledonia, Polynesia ng Pransya at Saint Pierre at Miquelon.
    3. Kasama lamang sa mga gumaling ang mga naospital na kaso.[52]
    4. Kasama sa bilang para sa mga kumpirmadong kaso at kabuuang namatay ang mga datos mula sa mga ospital at nursing home (ESMS: établissements sociaux et médico-sociaux).[52]
  14. Tsina
    1. Hindi kasama ang 561 asintomatikong kasong sa ilalim ng medikal na pagsubaybay magmula noong 15 Mayo 2020 (2020 -05-15).
    2. Hindi inulat ang mga asintomatikong kaso bago ang 31 Marso 2020.
    3. Hindi kasama ang mga Natatanging Rehiyong Administratibo ng Hong Kong at Macau.
    4. Hindi kasama ang Taiwan.
  15. Belhika
    1. Kasama rin sa bilang ng mga namatay ang mga di-nasuring kaso at kaso sa mga bahay-pahingahan na marahil ikinamatay ang COVID-19, habang isinasama lamang ng karamihan ng mga bansa ang mga namatay na nasuring kaso sa mga ospital.[59]
  16. Olanda
    1. Nakalista nang magkahiwalay ang mga apat na nasasakupang bansa ng Kaharian ng Olanda (hal. ang bansang Olanda [sa hanay na ito sa talahanayan], Aruba, Curaçao, at Sint Maarten) at ang mga natatanging munisipalidad ng Karibeng Olanda (Bonaire, Saba at Sint Eustatius).
    2. Hindi binibilang ng RIVM, isang ahensya ng pamahalaan ng Olanda, responsable para sa nasasakupang bansang Olanda, ang kanyang bilang ng mga nakagagaling.[62]
  17. Chile
    1. Kasama ang natatanging teritoryo ng Pulo ng Easter.
    2. Noong ika-29 ng Abril 2020, nagsimula ang pagbibigay-alam ng pamahalaan ng Tsile sa bilang ng mga asintomatikong kumpirmadong kaso, nakahiwalay mula sa opisyal na bilang ng mga kumpirmadong kaso.[66] Since 30 April, all confirmed cases (no matter their symptoms) are included in the official number.
    3. Chilean authorities define a person as "recovered" after 14 days since the detection of the virus because "they are no longer contagious".[67] Initially, patients who have died of coronavirus were counted as recovered, following the same criteria, according to Health Minister Jaime Mañalich;[68][69][70] however, this was changed later and Chilean reports inform the number of recovered separated from the deceased.[71]
  18. Ukraine
    1. Excluding cases from the disputed Crimea and Sevastopol. Cases in these territories are included in the Russian total.
    2. Excluding cases from the unrecognized Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics.
  19. Israel
    1. Including cases from the disputed Golan Heights.
    2. Excluding cases from the State of Palestine.
  20. 20.0 20.1 Diamond Princess and Japan
    1. The British cruise ship Diamond Princess was in Japanese waters, and the Japanese administration was asked to manage its quarantine, with the passengers having not entered Japan. Therefore, this case is included in neither the Japanese nor British official counts. The World Health Organization classifies the cases as being located "on an international conveyance".
  21. Egypt
    1. Includes cases identified on the MS River Anuket.
  22. Denmark
    1. The autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland are listed separately.
  23. Serbia
    1. Excluding cases from the disputed Kosovo.
  24. Norway
    1. Estimation of the number of infected:
      • As of 23 March 2020, according to figures from just over 40 per cent of all GPs in Norway, 20,200 patients have been registered with the "corona code" R991. The figure includes both cases where the patient has been diagnosed with coronavirus infection through testing, and where the GP has used the "corona code" after assessing the patient's symptoms against the criteria by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.[110]
      • As of 24 March 2020, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health estimates that between 7,120 and 23,140 Norwegians are infected with the coronavirus.[111]
  25. Argentina
    1. Excluding confirmed cases on the claimed territory of the Falkland Islands. Since 11 April, the Argentine Ministry of Health includes them in their official reports.[113]
  26. Australia
    1. Excluding the cases from Diamond Princess cruise ship which are classified as "on an international conveyance". Ten cases, including one fatality recorded by the Australian government.
  27. Morocco
    1. Including cases in the disputed Western Sahara territory controlled by Morocco. There are no confirmed cases in the rest of Western Sahara.[117]
  28. Finland
    1. Including the autonomous region of the Åland Islands.
    2. The number of recoveries is an estimate based on reported cases which were reported at least two weeks ago and there is no other monitoring data on the course of the disease.[123] The exact number of recoveries is not known, as only a small proportion of patients have been hospitalized.[124]
  29. Moldova
    1. Including the disputed territory of Transnistria.
  30. Azerbaijan
    1. Excluding the self-declared state of Artsakh.
  31. Cuba
    1. Includes cases on the MS Braemar.
    2. Excluding cases from Guantanamo Bay, which is governed by the United States.
  32. DR Congo
  33. Somalia
    1. Excluding the de facto state of Somaliland.
  34. New Zealand
    1. Recovered figures include those from approximately 350 probable but unconfirmed cases.
  35. 35.0 35.1 Guam and USS Theodore Roosevelt
    1. Cases for the USS Theodore Roosevelt, currently docked at Guam, are reported separately.
  36. Charles de Gaulle
    1. Including cases on the escort frigate Chevalier Paul.
    2. Florence Parly, Minister of the Armed Forces, reported to the National Assembly's National Defense and Armed Forces Committee [fr] that 2010 sailors of the carrier battle group led by Charles de Gaulle had been tested, with 1081 tests returning positive so far.[168] Many of these cases were aboard Charles de Gaulle, some of the cases were reportedly aboard French frigate Chevalier Paul, and it is unclear if any other ships in the battle group had cases on board.[169][170][171]
  37. Cyprus
  38. 38.0 38.1 Greg Mortimer and Uruguay
    1. Although currently anchored off the coast of Uruguay, cases for the Greg Mortimer are currently reported separately. Six have been transferred inland for hospitalization.
  39. Georgia
    1. Excluding the de facto states of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
  40. Taiwan
    1. Including cases from the ROCS Pan Shi.[202]
  41. Congo
    1. Also known as the Republic of the Congo and not to be confused with the DR Congo.
  42. Isle of Man
    1. Recoveries are presumed. Defined as "An individual testing positive for coronavirus who completes the 14 day self-isolation period from the onset of symptoms who is at home on day 15, or an individual who is discharged from hospital following more severe symptoms."[208]
  43. 43.0 43.1 Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republic
    1. Note that these territories are distinct from the Ukraine-administered regions of the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts.
  44. Northern Cyprus
    1. Cases from this de facto state are not counted by Cyprus.
  45. Somaliland
    1. Cases from this de facto state are not counted by Somalia.
  46. Syria
    1. Excluding cases from the disputed Golan Heights.
  47. South Ossetia
    1. Cases from this de facto state are not counted by Georgia.
  48. Artsakh
    1. Cases from this de facto state are not counted by Azerbaijan.
  49. Abkhazia
    1. Cases from this de facto state are not counted by Georgia.
  50. Saint Vincent
    1. The sovereign state of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
  51. MS Zaandam
    1. Including cases from MS Rotterdam.
    2. The MS Rotterdam rendezvoused with the Zaandam on March 26 off the coast of Panama City to provide support and evacuate healthy passengers. Both have since docked in Florida.[294][295]
    3. MS Zaandam and Rotterdam's numbers are currently not counted in any national figures.
  52. Coral Princess
    1. The cruise ship Coral Princess has tested positive cases since early April 2020 and has since docked in Miami.[298]
    2. Coral Princess's numbers are currently not counted in any national figures.
  53. HNLMS Dolfijn
    1. All 8 cases currently associated with Dolfijn were reported while the submarine was at sea in the waters between Scotland and the Netherlands.[308]
    2. It is unclear whether the Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) is including these cases in their total count, but neither their daily update details nor their daily epidemiological situation reports appear to have mentioned the ship, with a breakdown of cases listing the twelve provinces of the country of the Netherlands (as opposed to the kingdom) accounting for all the cases in the total count.[309][310]
    3. As RIVM does not report recoveries, and militaries are generally less transparent than most government agencies due to operations security concerns, it is assumed that no official report on recoveries is forthcoming.

Sanligan

baguhin

Noong Disyembre 31, 2019, isang kumpol ng kaso ng pulmonya sa hindi alam na kadahilanan sa Wuhan, Hubei ang naiulat ng mga awtoridad ng Tsina sa Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan,[318][319] at isang imbestigasyon ang nilunsad noong unang bahagi ng Enero 2020.[320] Noong Enero 30, idineklara ng WHO declared ang pagsiklab bilang Kagipitan ng Pampublikong Kalusugang May Pandaigdigang Pakundangan (PHEIC)—7,818 kaso ang nakumpirma sa buong mundo, at apektado ang 19 bansa sa limang rehiyon ng WHO.[321][322]

Nakabisita ang iilan sa mga unang kaso sa Bultuhang Palengke ng Pagkaing-dagat sa Huanan[323] at kung gayon ipinapalagay na ang birus ay nanggaling sa hayop.[324] Ang birus na nagdulot sa pagsiklab ay ang SARS-CoV-2 isang bagong birus na may kaugnayan sa mga coronavirus ng paniki,[325] mga coronavirus ng pangolin,[326][327] at SARS-CoV.[328] Ang pinagkasunduan ng mga siyentipiko ay nagmula sa kalikasan ang COVID-19.[329][330] Marahil naipasa ang impeksyon mula sa paniki patungo sa mga tao, lalo na ang mga taong nagpoproseso ng mga patay na painiki at guano sa paggawa ng mga tradisyonal na gamot-Tsino.[331]

Mahahanap ang pinakaunang taong may mga sintomas noong pang Disyembre 1, 2019, isang tao na walang koneksyon sa mga kalaunang kumpol sa palengke.[332][333] Sa mga unang kumpol na mga kaso na naiulat noong Disyembre 2019, dalawang-ikatlo ang natagpuang may kinalaman sa palengke.[334][335][336] Noong ika-13 ng Marso 2020, iminungkahi ng isang di-natiyak na ulat mula sa South China Morning Post ang isang kaso na natutunton pabalik sa ika-17 ng Nobyembre 2019 (isang 55 edad mula sa Hubei) na maaaring naging unang taong nahawaan.[337][338]

Itinuring ng WHO ang pagkalat ng COVID-19 bilang pandemya noong 11 Marso 2020.[339] Naiulat ng Italya, Iran, Timog Korea, at Hapon ang pagbugso ng kaso. Agad-agad nilagpasan ang kabuuang bilang ng kaso sa Tsina ng kabuuang bilang sa labas ng Tsina.[340]

Tumutukoy ang kaso sa bilang ng mga taong nasubok na para sa COVID-19, at nakumpirmang positibo itong resulta ayon sa mga opisyal na protokol.[341] Pagsapit ng ika-24 ng Mayo, ang mga bansang naglalathala ng kanilang datos sa pagsusubok ay karaniwang nagsagawa ng pagsubok katumbas ng 2.6 porsiyento ng kanilang populasyon, habang walang bansang nakasubok ng mga sampol katumbas ng higit sa 17.3 porsiyento ng kanyang populasyon.[342] Noong una, karamihan ng mga bansa ang nagkaroon ng mga opisyal na patakaran na hindi magsubok ng mga taong may banayad na sintomas lamang.[343][344] Tinatantiya ng isang pagsusuri ng unang yugto ng pagsiklab hanggang ika-23 ng Enero na hindi pa natuklasan ang 86 porsiyento ng mga nahawaan ng COVID-19, at mga ganitong di-dokumentadong impeksyon ang pinagmulan ng 79 porsiyento ng mga dokumentadong kaso.[345] Tinatantya ng iilan pang mga pagsusuri sa pamamagitan ng iba't ibang paraan na ang mga bilang ng nahawaan sa mararaming bansa ay malamang na mas malaki kaysa sa mga naiulat na kaso.[346][347]

Noong ika-9 ng Abril 2020, natuklasan ng mga paunang resulta na ang 15 porsiyento ng mga nasubok sa Gangelt, ang sentro ng pangunahing kumpulan ng impeksyon sa Alemanya, ay nagpositibo sa mga antibody.[348] Natuklasan din ng pagsusuri para sa COVID-19 sa mga babaeng buntis sa Lungsod ng New York at mga nagbibigay ng dugo sa Olanda na maaaring nagpapahiwatig ang mga tulin ng mga positibong pagsusuri sa mga antibody ng mas maraming nahawaan kaysa sa naiulat.[349][350] Gayunpaman, maaaring hindi mapagkakatiwalaan ang mga ganitong surbey ng antibody dahil sa pagkiling sa pagpili (selection bias) sa mga nagboboluntaryo sa mga pagsubok, at dahil sa mga maling positibo. Napabalita ang iilang resulta (tulad ng pagsusuri ng Gangelt) nang hindi muna dumaan sa pagsusuri (peer review).[351]

Nagpapahiwatig ang pagsusuri ayon sa edad sa Tsina na medyo kaunti lamang ang mga kasong nasa gulang 20 pababa.[352] Hindi malinaw kung ito ay dahil mas malamang na hindi nahahawaan ang mga kabataan, o mas malamang na hindi nagkakaroon ng mga malubhang sintomas at nagpapatingin sa doktor at nagpapasuri.[353] Natuklasan ng isang retrospektibong cohort study sa Tsina na pantay-pantay ang posibilidad na mahawaan ang mga kabataan at matatanda.[354] Ang mga bansang nagsusuri nang mas marami, kaugnay sa bilang ng mga namatay, ay may mas batang pamamahagi ng edad, kaugnay sa mas malawak na populasyon.[355]

Ang mga paunang pagtatantya ng pangunahing bilang ng pagpaparami (R0) para sa COVID-19 noong Enero ay nasa pagitan ng 1.4 and 2.5,[356] ngunit naghinuha ang isang kasunod na pagsusuri na maaaring ito ay halos 5.7 (na may 95 porsiyentong interbal ng kompiyansa mula 3.8 hanggang 8.9).[357] Maaaring magkaiba-iba ang R0 sa bawat populasyon at hindi dapat ikinalilito sa mabisang bilang ng pagpaparami (karaniwang tinatawag na R), na nagsasaalang-alang ng mga epekto tulad ng panlipunang pagdidistansiya at pangkalahatang imyunidad. Pagsapit ng kalagitnaan ng Mayo 2020, ang mabisang R ay malapit sa o mas mababa sa 1.0 sa mararaming bansa, na nangangahulugan na ang pagkalat ng sakit sa mga lugar na iyon ay ganoon pa rin o nababawasan.[358]

Kamatayan

baguhin
 
Mga pumanaw sa isang 16 m (53 tal) "mobile morgue" sa labas ng isang ospital sa Hackensack, New Jersey, Estados Unidos noong ika-27 ng Abril 2020

Gumagaling ang karamihan ng mga nahahawaan ng COVID-19. Para sa mga hindi gumagaling, ang oras mula paglitaw ng sintomas at kamatayan ay karaniwang nasa pagitan ng  6 hanggang 41 araw, kadalasan ay 14 araw.[364] Pagsapit ng Abril 16, 2021, naiugnay ang kamatayan ng halos 2,990,000[7] sa COVID-19. Sa Tsina, pagsapit ng ika-5 ng Pebrero, halos 80 porsiyento ng kamatayan ay naitala sa mga nakatatanda sa 60, at 75 porsiyento nito ay nagkaroon ng datihang kondisyon sa kalusugan na kinabibilangan ng mga sakit sa puso at diabetes.[365]

Ang unang kumpirmadong nangamatay ay nasa Wuhan noong ika-9 ng Enero 2020.[366] Ang unang nangamatay sa labas ng Tsina ay naganap noong ika-1 ng Pebrero sa Pilipinas,[367] at ang unang nangamatay sa labas ng Asya ay nasa Pransiya noong ika-14 ng Pebrero.[368]

Karaniwang tumutukoy ang opisyal na nasawi sa COVID-19 sa mga taong namatay pagkatapos magpositibo ayon sa mga protokol. Maaaring balewalain nito ang mga taong namatay nang hindi nasubok, hal. sa bahay o nasa nursing home.[369] Sa kabaligtaran, maaaring humantong sa labis na pagbibilang ang mga kamatayan ng mga taong may mga pinakasaligang kondisyon.[370] Ipinapahiwatig ng paghahambing ng estadistika ng kamatayan sa lahat ng kadahilanan kumpara sa pana-panahong balasak ang labis na mortalidad sa mararaming bansa.[371][372] Sa mga pinakaapektadong lugar, napakahigit ang taas ng mortalidad kumpara sa balasak. Sa Lungsod ng New York, apat na beses ang kahigitang taas ng kamatayan kaysa sa balasak, dalawang beses sa Paris, at sa mararaming bansa sa Europa, 20 hanggang 30 porsiyentong mas mataas ang kamatayan sa katamtaman kumpara sa karaniwan.[371] Maaaring kabilang sa labis na mortalidad ang mga nangamatay dahil sa natambakang sistemang pangkalusugan at pagbabawal sa patiunang siruhiya.[373]

Ipinansusukat ang iilang paraan sa mortalidad.[374] Nag-iiba ang mga bilang sa bawat rehiyon at sa paglipas ng panahon, at naiimpluwensyahan ng dami ng nasusubukan, kalidad ng sistemang pangkalusugan, mapagpipiliang paggamot, bisa at bilis ng tugon ng pamahalaan,[375][376][377] panahon mula noong unang pagsiklab, at katangian ng populasyon, tulad ng edad, kasarian, at pangkalahatang kalusugan.[378] Isinasama ng ilang bansa (tulad ng Belhika) ang mga nangamatay na pinaghihinalaang kaso ng COVID-19, nasubukan man o hindi, na nagreresulta sa mas mataas na bilang kumpara sa mga bansang nagsasama lamang nga mga kasong nakumpirma ng pagsubok.[379]

Ipinaaaninag ng tagay ng kamatayan sa kaso ang bilang ng mga nangamtay sa COVID-19 na hinati ng mga bilang ng narikonosiang kaso sa loob ng ibinigay na pagitan sa panahon. Ayon sa estadistika ng Unibersidad ng Johns Hopkins, ang pandaigdigang tagway kamatayan sa kaso ay 2.1 porsiyento (2,996,305 deaths for 139,645,558 cases) pagsapit ng Abril 16, 2021.[7] Nag-iiba-iba ang bilang sa bawat rehiyon.[380]

Mga palatandaan at sintomas

baguhin
Sintomas[381] %
Lagnat 87.9%
Tuyong ubo 67.7%
Pagkapagod 38.1%
Pagkakaroon ng plema 33.4%
Nahihirapang huminga 18.6%
Sakit ng kalamnan o sakit sa kasu-kasuan 14.8%
Namamagang lalamunan 13.9%
Sakit ng ulo 13.6%
Panginginig 11.4%
Pagduduwal o pagsusuka 05.0%
Baradong ilong 04.8%
Pagdudumi 03.7%
Haemoptysis o pag-ubo na may kasamang dugo 00.9%
Baradong conjunctiva sa mata 00.8%
 
Mga sintomas ng COVID-19 symptoms

Hindi partikular ang mga sintomas ng COVID-19 at iyong mga nahawaan ay walang sintomas o nagkaroon ng sintomas ng parang sa trangkaso tulad ng lagnat, ubo, pagkapagod, hirap sa paghinga, o sakit ng kalamnan. Makikita sa katuwang na talaan sa kanan ang mga karaniwang senyas at sintomas ng sakit at kung gaano ito kalaganap.[381]

Maaring magdulot ang patuloy ng pagkakaroon ng sakit ang malubhang pulmonya, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, septic shock at kamatayan. Maaring walang sintomas ang ilang nahawaan, na nagpositibo ang resulta ng pagsubok sa pagkahawa subalit walang klinikal na sintomas, kaya pinayuhan ng mga mananaliksik ang mga taong malapitang sumasama sa ibang taong may tiyak na pagkahawa, na sumailalim sa masinsinang pagsusuri at pagmamatyag upang maalis ang pagdududa ng pagkahawa.[334][382][383][384]

Ang karaniwang panahon ng inkubasyon (ang panahon sa pagitan ng pagkahawa at simula ng sintomas) ay pumapatak mula isa hanggang labing-apat na araw; pinakakaraniwan ang limang araw.[385][386] Sa isang kaso, nagkaroon ng panahon ng inkubasyon ng 27 araw.[387]

Pagsasaliksik ukol sa COVID-19

baguhin

Isang pasyenteng 38 taong gulang na babae na si Mattia Maestri ang mayroong issue sa kanyang respiratory na noon ay na admit sa ospital ng Milan na kung saan ang pasyante ay mula sa bayan ng Codogno, Ang bansang Italya ay mayroong apat na tipo, ukol sa pinagmulan ng COVID-19, Dalawa sa mga tsino ang nagkaroon ng kaso ng COVID-19 mula sa Roma na umuwi sa Tsina.[388]

Tingnan rin

baguhin
Sinundan:
2019 Philippines measles outbreak
Virus cases
Coronavirus 2019
Susunod:
2020 Hantavirus outbreak

Mga sanggunian

baguhin
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  162. "SITUACIÓN NACIONAL". Ministry of Health (El Salvador) (sa wikang Kastila). Nakuha noong 16 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  163. "SITUATION ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIQUE AU GABON". COMITÉ DE PILOTAGE DU PLAN DE VEILLE (sa wikang Pranses). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  164. "COVID-19 – current cases". Ministry of Health (New Zealand). Nakuha noong 15 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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  166. Информации (sa wikang Ruso). Ministry of Health (Kyrgyz Republic). Nakuha noong 16 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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  172. "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in HK". Hong Kong: Department of Health. Nakuha noong 15 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  173. "Ministère de la santé وزارة الصحة". www.facebook.com (sa wikang Ingles). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  174. "Health Protection Agency Maldives - COVID-19 Statistics Dashboard". Nakuha noong 16 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  175. "Sākumlapa | Covid-19". covid19.gov.lv (sa wikang Latvian). 15 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  176. "Statistikat e fundit" (sa wikang Albanes). Nakuha noong 15 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  177. "Epidemiology Unit". Ministry of Health (Sri Lanka). Nakuha noong 15 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  178. "Coronavirus Albania | Statistika" (sa wikang Albanes). Agjencia Kombëtare e Shoqerisë së Informacionit. Nakuha noong 15 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  179. "INÍCIO". INFOCOVID-19 (sa wikang Portuges). Nakuha noong 2020-05-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  180. "Coronavirus: three new cases announced on Friday". Cyprus Mail (sa wikang Ingles). 15 Mayo 2020. Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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  182. "Évolution du Coronavirus au Niger en temps réel – Coronavirus, Covid19" (sa wikang Ingles). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  183. "Situacion Nacional Covid-19" (sa wikang Kastila). Ministerio de Salud (Costa Rica). Nakuha noong 15 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  184. "COMMUNIQUE N°74 DU MINISTERE DE LA SANTE ET DES AFFAIRES SOCIALES SUR LE SUIVI DES ACTIONS DE PREVENTION ET DE RIPOSTE FACE A LA MALADIE A CORONAVIRUS". www.sante.gov.ml (sa wikang Pranses). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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  186. "Ministère de la Santé - Burkina Faso". www.facebook.com (sa wikang Ingles). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  187. "Actualitat coronavirus". www.govern.ad (sa wikang Catalan). Govern d'Andorra. Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  188. "CONTADOR OFICIAL COVID-19 EN PARAGUAY" (sa wikang Kastila). Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare (Paraguay). Nakuha noong 15 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  189. "Visualizador de casos coronavirus COVID-19 en Uruguay". Sistema Nacional de Emergencias (sa wikang Kastila). Nakuha noong 15 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  190. "How lax rules, missed warnings led to Japan's second coronavirus cruise-ship hot spot". Reuters (sa wikang Ingles). 7 Mayo 2020. Nakuha noong 9 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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  195. "Covid 19 de Guinea Ecuatorial". AhoraEG (sa wikang Kastila). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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  197. "COVID-19". Ministry of Health & Wellness, Jamaica. Nakuha noong 16 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  198. "Covid-19: Tanzania updates will resume after improvements at national laboratory". THECITIZEN (sa wikang Pranses). Nakuha noong 8 Mayo 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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  204. "Ministère de la Santé Publique du Tchad". www.facebook.com (sa wikang Ingles). Nakuha noong 2020-05-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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  211. "Virus korona COVID 19" (sa wikang Montenegrin). Government of Montenegro. Nakuha noong 15 Mayo 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
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  Kahulugang pangtalahuluganan
  Mga araling-aklat
  Mga siping pambanggit
  Mga tekstong sanggunian
  Mga larawan at midya
  Mga salaysaying pambalita
  Mga sangguniang pampagkatuto