Halalang pampanguluhan sa Pilipinas, 2016
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Ginanap noong 9 Mayo 2016, ikalawang Lunes ng buwan ng Mayo[1] ang isang halalang pampanguluhan ng Pilipinas. Ihahalal sa araw na ito ang ika-16 Pangulo ng Pilipinas na hahalili kay Benigno Aquino III, na hindi na maaaring tumakbo muli sa naturang katungkulan alinsunod sa Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas ng 1987. Ito ang ikalimang halalang sa pagkapangulo at pangalawang pangulo sa ilalim ng 1987 Saligang Batas.
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| Turnout | 80.69% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Map showing the official results taken from provincial and city certificates of canvass. The inset shows Metro Manila. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Inihayag ng Komisyon sa Halalan ang mga opisyal na kandidato sa pagka-Pangulo at Pangalawang Pangulo noong 15 Pebrero 2016. Ito'y makaraang suyurin ang 130 kandidatura sa pagka-Pangulo at 19 naman sa pagka-Pangalawang Pangulo.[2][3] Ang mga pinayagan ng Komisyon na tumakbo sa pagka-Pangulo ay sina Jejomar Binay ng United Nationalist Alliance, Miriam Defensor Santiago ng People's Reform Party, Rodrigo Duterte ng PDP–Laban, Grace Poe na isang independiyente, Mar Roxas ng Partido Liberal, at Roy Señeres ng Partido ng Manggagawa at Magsasaka.
Bago pa naisapinal ang listahan, na nabinbin ng dalawang buwan,[4] nauna nang iniatras ni Roy Señeres ang kaniyang kandidatura noong 5 Pebrero dahil sa kaniyang lumalalang kalusugan, na humantong naman kaniyang pagpanaw noong 8 Pebrero.[5][6] Sa kabila nito, hindi tinanggal ng Komisyon ang pangalan ni Señeres sa opisyal na balota, nang simulan itong ilimbag noong 15 Pebrero, dahil pinapayagan umano ng Omnibus Election Code na magpalit pa ng kandidato ang partido hanggang sa kalagitnaan ng araw ng halalan.[3][7]
Ibinasura naman ng Komisyon ang lahat ng petisyon na idiskuwalipika si Rodrigo Duterte noong 3 Pebrero.[8] Sa kabilang banda, ibinasura ng Komisyon ang kandidatura ni Grace Poe noong 23 Disyembre 2015,[9] ngunit dahil nakadulog ang kampo ni Poe sa Kataas-taasang Hukuman na naglabas ng TRO,[10] nanatili si Poe sa balota. Noong 8 Marso 2016, kinatigan ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman ang petisyon ni Poe laban sa Komisyon, at pinayagang tumakbo sa pagkapangulo.[11]
Mga opisyal na kandidato
baguhinPangulo
baguhin| Kandidato | Partido | Kamakailang Katungkulan | Tirahan | Edad sa Halalan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
UNA | Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas |
Makati | 73 | |
 |
PRP | Senador | Lungsod Quezon | 70 | |
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PDP–Laban | Alkalde ng Lungsod ng Davao |
Lungsod Davao | 71 | |
 |
Independiyente | Senador | Lungsod Quezon | 47 | |
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Liberal | Kalihim ng Interyor at Pamahalaang Lokal |
Roxas, Capiz | 58 | |
Pangalawang Pangulo
baguhin| Kandidato | Partido | Kamakailang Katungkulan | Tirahan | Edad sa halalan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nacionalista | Senador | Taguig | 45 | ||
 |
Independiyente | Senador | Sorsogon, Sorsogon | 46 | |
 |
UNA | Senador | Marikina | 68 | |
 |
Nacionalista | Senador | Batac, Ilocos Norte | 58 | |
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Liberal | Kinatawan ng Ika-3 Distrito ng Camarines Sur |
Naga | 51 | |
 |
Nacionalista | Senador | Caloocan | 44 | |
Debate
baguhin| Opisina | Petsa | Kaibigan Medya | Lokasyon | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pangulo | 21 Pebrero 2016 | GMA Network at Philippine Daily Inquirer | Mindanao | Capitol University |
| 20 Marso 2016 | TV5, Philippine Star at BusinessWorld | Visayas | University of the Philippines Cebu College | |
| 24 Abril 2016 | ABS-CBN at Manila Bulletin | Luzon | University of Pangasinan | |
| Pangalawang Pangulo | 10 Abril 2016 | CNN Philippines, Rappler at Business Mirror | Metro Manila | University of Santo Tomas |
Ang debateng ito, Harapan ng Bise, ay gaganapin sa ABS-CBN.[12]
| Opisina | Petsa | Kaibigan Medya | Lokasyon | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pangalawang Pangulo | 17 Abril 2016 | ABS-CBN | Metro Manila | Lungsod Quezon | ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center |
Mga talaan ng opinyon
baguhinPangulo
baguhin
| Date(s) conducted | Pollster | Sample size |
Margin of error |
Binay (UNA) |
Defensor Santiago (PRP) |
Duterte (PDP-Laban) |
Poe (Ind.) |
Roxas (LP) |
Undecided None Other | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 8–10 | SWS[13] | 1,800 | ±2.0% | 31 | 3 | 20 | 24 | 21 | 2 | |
| Jan 19 | First round of oral arguments of Grace Poe's petition to the Supreme Court to overturn the disqualification against her candidacy | |||||||||
| Jan 24–28 | Pulse Asia[14] | 1,200 | ±3.0% | 23 | 4 | 20 | 30 | 20 | 3 | |
| Jan 27–Feb 4 | Standard[15] | 3,000 | ±1.8% | 22 | 2 | 20 | 29 | 22 | 4 | |
| Feb 5–7 | SWS[13] | 1,200 | ±3.0% | 29 | 4 | 24 | 24 | 18 | 2 | |
| Feb 8 | Presidential candidate Roy Señeres dies of cardiac arrest | |||||||||
| Feb 9 | Start of campaign period for candidates for president, vice president, senators and party-lists | |||||||||
| Feb 13 | DZRH–MBC[16][17] | 7,572 | ±1.13% | 23.2 | 3.9 | 26.4 | 27 | 19 | 2.3 | |
| Feb 21 | First presidential debate in Cagayan de Oro | |||||||||
| Feb 16–27 | Pulse Asia[18] | 5,200 | ±1.4% | 22 | 3 | 24 | 26 | 19 | 6 | |
| Feb 24–Mar 1 | Standard[19] | 3,000 | ±1.8% | 23 | 2 | 24 | 26 | 22 | 4 | |
| Mar 4–7 | SWS [20] | 1,800 | ±2.0% | 24 | 4 | 21 | 27 | 22 | 1 | |
| Mar 8 | In a 9-6 vote, the Supreme Court affirms Grace Poe's natural-born status and declares she is qualified to run based on her 10-year residency | |||||||||
| Mar 15–20 | Pulse Asia[21] | 4,000 | ±1.5% | 23 | 2 | 24 | 28 | 19 | 5 | |
| Mar 20 | Second presidential debate in Cebu City | |||||||||
| Mar 26–Apr 1 | Standard[22] | 3,000 | ±1.8% | 18 | 2 | 30 | 27 | 21 | 2 | |
| Apr 2 | MBC–DZRH[23] | 7,490 | ±1.13% | 15 | 3.5 | 36 | 28.2 | 15.2 | 1.8 | |
| Apr 9 | The Supreme Court declares that their vote on Grace Poe's natural-born status and 10-year residency is final and executory and she is eligible to become president | |||||||||
| Apr 11–16 | The Center[24] | 1,800 | ±2.5% | 23.25 | 2 | 26.75 | 26.25 | 20.75 | 1 | |
| Apr 17 | Rodrigo Duterte makes a joke about a murdered and raped Australian kidnap victim in a campaign rally | |||||||||
| Apr 13–18 | D' Strafford[25] | 2,800 | ±1.9% | 19.1 | 4.1 | 20.4 | 25.9 | 26.2 | 4.2 | |
| Apr 16–20 | Pulse Asia[26] | 1,800 | ±2.3% | 16 | 2 | 35 | 23 | 17 | 6 | |
| Apr 18–20 | SWS[27] | 1,800 | ±2.0% | 14 | 2 | 33 | 24 | 19 | 8 | |
| Apr 19–24 | Pulse Asia[28] | 4,000 | ±1.5% | 18 | 2 | 33 | 22 | 20 | 5 | |
| Apr 24 | Third presidential debate in Dagupan | |||||||||
| Apr 27 | Antonio Trillanes' expose on Rodrigo Duterte's alleged multimillion peso bank accounts and properties | |||||||||
| Apr 23–29 | The Center[29] | 1,800 | ±2.5% | 23 | 2 | 29 | 25 | 21 | — | |
| Apr 25–29 | D' Strafford[30] | 4,500 | ±1.2% | 16.6 | 2.7 | 25.4 | 23.6 | 27.8 | 3 | |
| Apr 26–29 | Pulse Asia[31] | 4,000 | ±1.5% | 17 | 2 | 33 | 21 | 22 | 5 | |
| Apr 28–30 | Argus [32] | 6,000 | ±1.9% | 19 | 4 | 31 | 27 | 19 | — | |
| Apr 27–May 1 | Standard[33] | 3,000 | ±1.8% | 15 | 2 | 32 | 25 | 22 | 4 | |
| May 1–3 | SWS[34] | 4,500 | ±1.0% | 13 | 2 | 33 | 22 | 20 | 10 | |
| May 1–5 | D' Strafford [35] | 4,500 | ±1.2% | 16.6 | 3 | 25.4 | 22.5 | 30.5 | 2 | |
| May 9 | Election day | |||||||||
Pangalawang Pangulo
baguhin
| Date(s) conducted | Pollster | Sample size |
Margin of error |
Cayetano (Ind.) |
Escudero (Ind.) |
Honasan (UNA) |
Marcos (Ind.) |
Robredo (LP) |
Trillanes (Ind.) |
Undecided None Other | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 8–10 | SWS[13] | 1,800 | ±2.0% | 14 | 28 | 8 | 25 | 17 | 3 | 4 | |
| Jan 24–28 | Pulse Asia[14] | 1,200 | ±3.0% | 14 | 33 | 5 | 23 | 18 | 4 | 3 | |
| Jan 27–Feb 4 | Standard [15] | 3,000 | ±1.8% | 15 | 31 | 5 | 25 | 20 | 4 | — | |
| Feb 5–7 | SWS[13] | 1,200 | ±3.0% | 16 | 26 | 6 | 26 | 19 | 5 | 2 | |
| Feb 9 | Start of campaign period for candidates for president, vice president, senators and party-lists | ||||||||||
| Feb 13 | DZRH–MBC[16] | 7,572 | ±1.13% | 14.8 | 26.8 | 5.5 | 25.1 | 18.8 | 6.2 | 2.7 | |
| Feb 16–27 | Pulse Asia[18] | 5,400 | ±1.4% | 13 | 26 | 5 | 26 | 19 | 6 | 6 | |
| Feb 24–Mar 1 | Standard[36] | 3,000 | ±1.8% | 11 | 30 | 4 | 24 | 20 | 7 | 5 | |
| Mar 4–7 | SWS [20] | 1,800 | ±2.0% | 11 | 28 | 5 | 26 | 24 | 6 | — | |
| Mar 15–20 | Pulse Asia[21] | 4,000 | ±1.5% | 14 | 25 | 5 | 25 | 21 | 4 | 5 | |
| Mar 26–Apr 1 | Standard[22] | 3,000 | ±1.8% | 15 | 28 | 3 | 25 | 21 | 5 | 4 | |
| Apr 2 | MBC–DZRH[23] | 7,490 | ±1.13% | 18.4 | 22.6 | 4.3 | 29.8 | 17.9 | 5.5 | 1.6 | |
| Apr 10 | First vice presidential debate in Manila | ||||||||||
| Apr 11–16 | The Center[24] | 1,800 | ±2.5% | 15 | 23 | 4 | 29 | 25 | 3 | 1 | |
| Apr 17 | Second vice presidential debate in Quezon City | ||||||||||
| Apr 13–18 | D' Strafford[25] | 2,800 | ±1.9% | 17 | 23 | 1 | 25 | 32 | 2 | — | |
| Apr 16–20 | Pulse Asia[26] | 1,800 | ±2.3% | 16 | 18 | 4 | 29 | 24 | 3 | 7 | |
| Apr 18–20 | SWS[27] | 1,800 | ±2.0% | 16 | 18 | 2 | 25 | 26 | 5 | 8 | |
| Apr 19–24 | Pulse Asia[28] | 4,000 | ±1.5% | 15 | 18 | 2 | 31 | 26 | 3 | 5 | |
| Apr 27 | Antonio Trillanes' expose on Rodrigo Duterte's alleged multimillion peso bank accounts and properties | ||||||||||
| Apr 23–29 | The Center[29] | 4,000 | ±2.5% | 15 | 18 | 5 | 31 | 25 | 3 | 3 | |
| Apr 25–29 | D' Strafford[30] | 4,500 | ±1.2% | 16 | 18 | 2 | 28 | 34 | 1 | 1 | |
| Apr 26–29 | Pulse Asia[31] | 4,000 | ±1.5% | 15 | 18 | 3 | 28 | 30 | 2 | 4 | |
| Apr 28–30 | Argus [32] | 6,000 | ±1.9% | 13 | 22 | 4 | 33 | 24 | 4 | — | |
| Apr 27–May 1 | Standard[37] | 3,000 | ±1.8% | 12 | 20 | 3 | 30 | 29 | 3 | 3 | |
| May 1–3 | SWS[38] | 4,500 | ±1.0% | 13 | 15 | 3 | 29 | 28 | 3 | 9 | |
| May 1–5 | D' Strafford [35] | 4,500 | ±1.2% | 17 | 18 | 1 | 25 | 35 | 3 | 2 | |
| May 9 | Election day | ||||||||||
Kinalabasan
baguhinNarito ang mga resulta ng Halalan para sa Pagkapangulo at Pagka-Pangalawang Pangulo sa Pilipinas. Ito ay ayon sa opisyal na bilang ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas.
Pangulo
baguhin
| Kandidato | Partido | Boto | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodrigo Duterte | Partido Demokratiko Pilipino–Lakas ng Bayan (Philippine Democratic Party–People's Power) | 16,601,997 | 39.01% | |
| Mar Roxas | Liberal Party | 9,978,175 | 23.45% | |
| Grace Poe | Independyente | 9,100,991 | 21.39% | |
| Jejomar Binay | United Nationalist Alliance | 5,416,140 | 12.73% | |
| Miriam Defensor Santiago | People's Reform Party | 1,455,532 | 3.42% | |
| Kabuuan | 42,552,835 | 100% | ||
| Mga balidong boto | 42,552,835 | 94.61% | ||
| Roy Señeres[p 1] | Partido ng Manggagawa at Magsasaka (Workers' and Peasants' Party) | 25,779 | 0.06% | |
| Kabuuang bilang ng mga pinawalang bisang boto | 2,426,316 | 5.39% | ||
| Votes cast | 44,979,151 | 81.5% | ||
| Rehistradong mga botante | 55,739,911 | 100% | ||
- ↑ Withdrew on February 5, 2016, and died three days later. All of his votes are to be considered as spoiled votes.
Pangalawang Pangulo
baguhin
| Kandidato | Partido | Boto | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leni Robredo | Liberal Party | 14,418,817 | 35.11% | |
| Bongbong Marcos | Independent [v 1] | 14,155,344 | 34.47% | |
| Alan Peter Cayetano | Independent [v 2] | 5,903,379 | 14.38% | |
| Francis Escudero | Independent | 4,931,962 | 12.01% | |
| Antonio Trillanes | Independent [v 3] | 868,501 | 2.11% | |
| Gringo Honasan | United Nationalist Alliance | 788,881 | 1.92% | |
| Total | 41,066,884 | 100% | ||
| Valid votes | 41,066,884 | 91.30% | ||
| Invalid votes | 3,912,267 | 8.70% | ||
| Votes cast | 44,979,151 | 81.5% | ||
| Registered voters | 55,739,911 | 100% | ||
- ↑ Member of Nacionalista Party, which does not field an official candidate; Miriam Defensor Santiago's (PRP) guest candidate for vice president
- ↑ Member of Nacionalista Party, which does not field an official candidate; Rodrigo Duterte's (PDP–Laban) guest candidate for vice president
- ↑ Member of Nacionalista Party, which does not field an official candidate; supported by Magdalo and endorsed Grace Poe as President
Hindi opisyal na Resulta
baguhin | Candidate | Party | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rodrigo Duterte | PDP-Laban | 15,970,018 | |
| Mar Roxas | Liberal | 9,700,382 | |
| Grace Poe | Independent | 8,935,733 | |
| Jejomar Binay | UNA | 5,318,249 | |
| Miriam Defensor Santiago | PRP | 1,424,520 | |
| Roy Señeres | PMM | 25,161 | |
| Turnout | 43,716,817 | ||
| Registered voters | 55,735,757 | ||
| Clustered precincts reporting | 90,635 of 94,276 | ||
| As of May 18, 2016, 7:45 PM Philippine Standard Time[39] | |||
| Candidate | Party | Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leni Robredo | Liberal | 14,023,093 | |
| Bongbong Marcos | Independent | 13,803,966 | |
| Alan Peter Cayetano | Independent | 5,679,102 | |
| Francis Escudero | Independent | 4,812,375 | |
| Antonio Trillanes | Independent | 844,157 | |
| Gringo Honasan | UNA | 760,409 | |
| Turnout | 43,716,817 | ||
| Registered voters | 55,735,757 | ||
| Clustered precincts reporting | 90,635 of 94,276 | ||
| As of May 18, 2016, 7:45 PM Philippine Standard Time[40] | |||
 Robredo |
 Marcos |
 Cayetano |
 Escudero |
Botong demograpiko
baguhinPangulo
baguhin| Demograpiko subgrupo | Duterte | Roxas | Poe | Binay | Defensor Santiago | % of total vote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total vote | 39 | 24 | 19 | 14 | 3 | 100 |
| Rehiyon | ||||||
| NCR | 44 | 14 | 21 | 14 | 7 | 11 |
| Rehiyong I | 26 | 13 | 34 | 19 | 8 | 5 |
| Rehiyong II | 18 | 12 | 21 | 46 | 3 | 3 |
| Rehiyong III | 34 | 17 | 31 | 15 | 4 | 11 |
| Rehiyong IV-A | 34 | 17 | 28 | 17 | 4 | 13 |
| Rehiyong IV-B | 22 | 35 | 28 | 13 | 1 | 3 |
| Rehiyong V | 14 | 36 | 36 | 12 | 2 | 6 |
| Komunidad | ||||||
| Urban | 44 | 28 | 13 | 15 | 44 | |
| Rural | 39 | 30 | 18 | 13 | 56 | |
| Kasarian | ||||||
| Lalake | 39 | 32 | 15 | 14 | 46 | |
| Babae | 43 | 27 | 17 | 13 | 54 | |
| Edukasyon | ||||||
| Mataas na paaralan | 34 | 26 | 22 | 16 | 2 | - |
| Kolehiyo | 49 | 20 | 13 | 10 | 7 | - |
| Relihiyon | ||||||
| Romano Katoliko | 41 | 31 | 16 | 12 | 80 | |
| Islam | 48 | 12 | 30 | 10 | 5 | |
| Iglesia Ni Cristo | 85 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 4 | |
| Aglipayan | 38 | 27 | 22 | 13 | 1 | |
| Iba | 24 | 34 | 16 | 26 | 10 | |
| Ethnic groups | ||||||
| Tagalog | 43 | 34 | 11 | 12 | 35 | |
| Cebuano | 39 | 31 | 14 | 16 | 26 | |
| Ilocano | 28 | 33 | 26 | 13 | 8 | |
Source: Exit polls conducted by Social Weather Stations[41]
Pangalawang Pangulo
baguhinSanggunian
baguhin- ↑ "Ang Konstitusyon ng Republika ng Pilipinas, 1987, Artikulo VII§4". GOVPH. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2016-05-05. Nakuha noong 2016-04-25.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(tulong); Unknown parameter|text=ignored (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Esmaquel, Paterno II (2015-10-16). "'Record-high' 130 bets run for Philippine president" (sa wikang Ingles). Rappler. Nakuha noong 2016-04-25.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Villa, Jet (2016-02-15). "Comelec releases official list of candidates" (sa wikang Ingles). InterAksyon.com. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2016-04-25. Nakuha noong 2016-04-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Gotinga, JC (2015-12-15). "Comelec postpones release of final list of candidates" (sa wikang Ingles). CNN Philippines. Nakuha noong 2016-04-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)[patay na link] - ↑ Gotinga, JC (2016-02-05). "Señeres withdraws from presidential race" (sa wikang Ingles). CNN Philippines. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2016-02-06. Nakuha noong 2016-04-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Roy Señeres dies of cardiac arrest" (sa wikang Ingles). CNN Philippines. 2016-02-08. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2016-02-09. Nakuha noong 2016-04-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Crisostomo, Sheila (2016-02-16). "Ballot printing starts" (sa wikang Ingles). Nakuha noong 2016-04-25.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Escarilla, Abbie (2016-02-03). "Comelec panel junks 4 Duterte disqualification cases for lack of merit" (sa wikang Ingles). NewsCentral.PH. Nakuha noong 2016-04-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)[patay na link] - ↑ Elemia, Camille (2015-12-24). "How Comelec commissioners voted on Grace Poe's case" (sa wikang Ingles). Rappler.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|acceessdate=ignored (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Francisco, Katerina (2016-03-08). "SC stops Comelec from cancelling Poe COC" (sa wikang Ingles). Rappler. Nakuha noong 2016-04-26.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Supreme Court allows Grace Poe to run for president" (sa wikang Ingles). Rappler. 2016-03-08. Nakuha noong 2016-04-26.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Bueza, Michael (18 Abril 2016). "43 minutes of TV ads in 2-hour ABS-CBN VP debate". Rappler. Nakuha noong 18 Abril 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Binay leads over Poe, Roxas and Duterte in Presidential race; Escudero and Marcos lead over Robredo and Cayetano in VP race; Sotto, Lacson, Recto and Pangilinan lead Senatorial race". www.sws.org.ph. Nakuha noong 2016-01-15.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Poe still ahead in tighter race". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Disyembre 21, 2015.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Poe keeps lead in Laylo survey". Standard. Pebrero 9, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Abril 27, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 6, 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 16.0 16.1 "DZRH News – Desisyon 2016: Poe, Chiz tops MBC second wave survey". DZRH. Pebrero 18, 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Poe leads, Binay gains in MBC poll". The Manila Times. Pebrero 18, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Mayo 4, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 6, 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 18.0 18.1 De Vera, Ellalyn (2016-03-09). "Pulse Asia survey: Binay, Poe remain the top contenders". Manila Bulletin. Nakuha noong Abril 2, 2016.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Panares, Joyce Pangco (2016-03-07). "Closer than ever". Manila Standard. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2016-03-07. Nakuha noong 7 Marso 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Poe takes the lead; Robredo closes in". Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2017-05-10. Nakuha noong 2016-04-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 21.0 21.1 Esguerra, Christian V. (Abril 1, 2016). "Poe regains solo lead in ABS-CBN Pulse Asia survey". ABS-CBN News. Nakuha noong Abril 1, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Duterte surges in Standard poll". Manila Standard. Abril 5, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Mayo 8, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 3, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Duterte tops MBC-DZRH latest survey". DZRH. Abril 5, 2016. Nakuha noong Abril 6, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 24.0 24.1 "It's still a 4-way fight: Duterte falls, Binay inches up". The Daily Tribune. Abril 23, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Abril 25, 2016. Nakuha noong Abril 23, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Roxas, Poe 'tied' at top spot – D' Strafford poll". Sun Star Cebu. Abril 20, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Abril 21, 2016. Nakuha noong Abril 21, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 26.0 26.1 "PULSE ASIA POLL: Duterte, Bongbong pad leads further". News5. Abril 26, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Abril 27, 2016. Nakuha noong Abril 26, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 27.0 27.1 "BusinessWorld-SWS April 2016 Survey: Duterte leads despite 'rape' joke; Leni, Bongbong tied in VP". News5. Abril 24, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Abril 25, 2016. Nakuha noong Abril 24, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Duterte, Marcos sustain leads in latest Pulse Asia survey". CNN Philippines. Abril 30, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Mayo 2, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 2, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Marcos widens lead in new survey". The Manila Times. Mayo 3, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Mayo 4, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 3, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Roxas leads pre-election survey". Manila Bulletin. Mayo 1, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 2, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Amid bank controversy, Duterte keeps survey lead". Rappler. Mayo 3, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 3, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Poe dikit uli kay Digong". Pilipino Star Ngayon. Mayo 6, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Duterte on top". Manila Standard. Mayo 5, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Mayo 5, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 5, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Duterte widens lead in final pre-election SWS survey". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Mayo 6, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 6, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 35.0 35.1 "Election 2016: May 2016". D' Strafford. Mayo 7, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Mayo 12, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Panares, Joyce Pangco (2016-03-08). "Chiz still leads VP race; Cayetano fading". Manila Standard. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2016-03-08. Nakuha noong 8 Marso 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Marcos still up, but Leni rallies". Manila Standard. Mayo 6, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Mayo 6, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 6, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Marcos, Robredo in 'statistical tie' in final SWS pre-election poll". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Mayo 6, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 6, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Presidential Race". PPCRV. Mayo 9, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Mayo 12, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 19, 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "Vice Presidential Race". PPCRV. Mayo 9, 2016. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Mayo 12, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 19, 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ "SWS EXIT POLL". Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 10 Abril 2017. Nakuha noong 20 Mayo 2013.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)