Ang asupre, sangyawa o sulpura (Kastila: azufre, Ingles: sulfur) ay isang kemikal na elementong gumagamit sa bilang atomikong 16.[7] Ito ay karaniwang ginagamitan ng simbolong S. Ito ay isang karaniwang multibalente na hindi metal. Asupre, sa katutubong uri, ay matamlay na dilaw na crystal line solid. Sa kalikasan, karaniwan ito matatagpuang purong elemento at mga mineral na asuprido at asuprata. Isa itong esensyal na elemento para sa buhay at matatagpuan ito sa mga asidong amino: cysteine at methionine. Ginagamit itong pataba, pero karaniwan din ito sa pulbura, posporo, insecticide at fungicide. Ang elementong asupre na kristal ay kadalasang hinahanap ng mga nangongolekta ng mga mineral dahil sa matingkad nitong mga sukat na polihedron. Ito rin ay kilala sa pantanggal ng mga libag sa mga sabong may kahalong sulfur. Tinatawag din itong brimstone sa Inggles.

Sulfur, 16S
Sulfur
Alternative nameSulphur (British spelling)
Allotropestingnan ang mga alotropo ng asupre
AppearanceLemon yellow sintered microcrystals
Standard atomic weight Ar°(S)
  • [32.05932.076]
  • 32.06±0.02 (pinaikli)[1][2]
Sulfur sa talahanayang peryodiko
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
O

S

Se
phosphorussulfurchlorine
Atomikong bilang (Z)16
Group16
Period3
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p4
Electrons per shell2, 8, 6
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolido
Melting pointalpha (α-S8): 388.36 K ​(115.21 °C, ​239.38 °F)
Boiling point717.8 K ​(444.6 °C, ​832.3 °F)
Density (near r.t.)alpha (α-S8): 2.07 g/cm3
beta (β-S8): 1.96 g/cm3
gamma (γ-S8): 1.92 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)1.819 g/cm3
Critical point1314 K, 20.7 MPa
Heat of fusionbeta (β-S8): 1.727 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporizationbeta (β-S8): 45 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity22.75 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 375 408 449 508 591 717
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (isang matapang na asidikong oksido)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.58
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 999.6 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2252 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3357 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius105±3 pm
Van der Waals radius180 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Mga linyang espektral ng sulfur
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordiyal
Crystal structurealpha (α-S8): ​orthorhombic (oF128)
Lattice constants
Orthorhombic crystal structure for alpha (α-S8): sulfur
a = 1.0460 nm
b = 1.2861 nm
c = 2.4481 nm (at 20 °C)[3]
Crystal structurebeta (β-S8): ​monoclinic (mP48)
Lattice constants
Monoclinic crystal structure for beta (β-S8): sulfur
a = 1.0923 nm
b = 1.0851 nm
c = 1.0787 nm
β = 95.905° (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal conductivity0.205 W/(m⋅K) (amorphous)
Electrical resistivity2×1015  Ω⋅m (at 20 °C) (amorphous)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[4]
Molar magnetic susceptibilityalpha (α-S8): −15.5×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[5]
Bulk modulus7.7 GPa
Mohs hardness2.0
CAS Number7704-34-9
History
Discoverybefore 2000 BCE[6]
Recognized as an element byAntoine Lavoisier (1777)
Isotopes of sulfur
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
32S 94.8% stable
33S 0.760% stable
34S 4.37% stable
35S trace 87.37 d β 35Cl
36S 0.02% stable
34S abundances vary greatly (between 3.96 and 4.77 percent) in natural samples.
Kategorya Kategorya: Sulfur
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Mga sanggunian

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  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Sulfur" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. 3.0 3.1 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. Lide, D. R., pat. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (ika-86th (na) edisyon). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  6. "Sulfur History". Georgiagulfsulfur.com. Nakuha noong 2022-02-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. 2000. ISBN 0849304814.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)