Aktinyo

(Idinirekta mula sa Actinium)

Ang actinium o aktinyo (Kastila: actinio, may sagisag na Ac) ay isang radyoaktibong elementong matatagpuan sa mga inang-bato ng uranyo, at pinanggagalingan ng mga sinag-alpa. Mayroon itong atomikong bilang na 89. Natuklasan ito noong 1899 ni André-Louis Debierne.[5] Ito ang unang elementong hindi primordiyal na elementong radyoaktibo na unang naibukod o naihiwalay, bagaman napansin din noong dati pa ang polonyo, radyum, at radon, subalit hindi naibukod hanggang sa sumapit ang 1902. Ito ang pinakamatagal na istopo (Ac 227). Mayroon itong kalahating-buhay na 21.7 mga taon. Kabilang sa mga katangian nito ang punto ng pagkatunaw (MP o melting point) na 1,050 °C, punto ng pagkulo (BP o boiling point) na 3,200 °C, espesipikong grabidad (SG o specific gravity) na humigit-kumulang sa 10.07, at V na 3.[5] Ito ang elementong nagbigay ng pangalan sa seryeng aktinido[t 1], na isang pangkat ng 15 katulad na mga elementong nasa pagitan ng aktinyo at ng lawrencium sa talaang peryodiko.

Actinium, 89Ac
Actinium
Bigkas /ækˈtɪniəm/ (ak-TIN-ee-əm)
Appearancesilvery-white, glowing with an eerie blue light;[1] sometimes with a golden cast[2]
Bilang na pangmasa[227]
Actinium sa talahanayang peryodiko
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
La

Ac

radiumactiniumthorium
Atomikong bilang (Z)89
Groupn/a
Period7
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 6d1 7s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolido
Melting point1500 K ​(1227 °C, ​2240 °F) (estimated)[2]
Boiling point3500±300 K ​(3200±300 °C, ​5800±500 °F) (extrapolated)[2]
Density (near r.t.)10 g/cm3
Heat of fusion14 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization400 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.2 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+2, +3 (isang matapang na panimulang oksido)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.1
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 499 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1170 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 1900 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius215 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Mga linyang espektral ng actinium
Other properties
Natural occurrencemula sa pagkabulok
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Lattice constant
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for actinium
a = 531.5 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal conductivity12 W/(m⋅K)
CAS Number7440-34-8
History
Discovery and first isolationFriedrich Oskar Giesel (1902, 1903)
Named byAndré-Louis Debierne (1899)
Isotopes of actinium
Main isotopes[4] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
225Ac trace 9.919 d α 221Fr
CD 211Bi
226Ac synth 29.37 h β 226Th
ε 226Ra
α 222Fr
227Ac trace 21.772 y β 227Th
α 223Fr
Kategorya Kategorya: Actinium
| references

Talababa

baguhin
  1. Kastila: actinido, Ingles: actinide

Mga sanggunian

baguhin
  1. Wall, Greg (8 Setyembre 2003). "C&EN: It's Elemental: The Periodic Table - Actinium". C&EN: It's Elemental: The Periodic Table. Chemical and Engineering News. Nakuha noong 2 Hunyo 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kirby, Harold W.; Morss, Lester R. (2006). "Actinium". The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements. p. 18. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_2. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. 5.0 5.1 Gaboy, Luciano L. Actinium, aktinyo - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.