Tanso (elemento)

Copper, ₂₉Cu
Copper
Appearance	Red-orange metallic luster
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Cu)
	63.546±0.003; 63.546±0.003 (pinaikli);
Copper sa talahanayang peryodiko
	nickel ← copper → zinc
Atomikong bilang (Z)	29
Group	11
Period	4
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solido
Melting point	1357.77 K (1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F)
Boiling point	2835 K (2562 °C, 4643 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	8.935 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	8.02 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	13.26 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	300.4 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.440 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (isang katamtamang panimulang oksido)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.90
Ionization energies	1st: 745.5 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1957.9 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3555 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius	132±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	140 pm
	Mga linyang espektral ng copper
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordiyal
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Lattice constant	a = 361.50 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	16.64×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	401 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	16.78 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	−5.46×10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	110–128 GPa
Shear modulus	48 GPa
Bulk modulus	140 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	(annealed); 3810 m/s (at r.t.)
Poisson ratio	0.34
Mohs hardness	3.0
Vickers hardness	343–369 MPa
Brinell hardness	235–878 MPa
CAS Number	7440-50-8
History
Naming	after Cyprus, principal mining place in Roman era (Cyprium)
Discovery	Middle East (9000 BC)
Symbol	"Cu": mula sa Latin na cuprum
Isotopes of copper t; b;
β−	64Zn
	Kategorya: Copper; tingnan; usapan; baguhin; \| references

Ang tanso (tinatawag ding kobre, o tumbaga^[8]; Kastila: cobre; Ingles: copper) ay isang elementong kimikal. Mayroon itong atomikong bilang na 29 at may simbolong Cu (mula sa salitang cuprum ng Latin). Kabilang din sa pag-aaring katangian nito ang pagkakaroon ng atomikong timbang na 63.54, punto ng pagkatunaw na 1,083 °C, punto ng pagkulo 2,595 °C, espesipikong grabidad na 8.96, at balensiyang 1 at 2. Isa itong malambot at madaling mahubog na kulay kapeng metal, at isa ring magandang konduktor ng kuryente. Ginagamit ito sa paggawa ng mga kawad ng kuryente, sa mga tubo ng tubig, at hindi kinakalawang na mga piyesa ng makinarya, partikular na kapag hinalo sa ibang mga metal upang maging bronse.^[9]

Karaniwang ginagamit ang tanso bilang konduktor ng kuryente, isang materyal sa paggawa ng mga gusali, at bilang isang bahagi ng maraming mga haluang metal o aloy. Isa rin itong kinakailangang nutriente sa lahat ng mga mataas na halaman at hayop. Sa mga hayop, kasama ang tao, unang-unang matatagpuan ang tanso sa dugo. Sa sapat na dami, malason at nakakamatay ang tanso sa mga organismo.

Mga sanggunian

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Copper" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 1969.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc (sa wikang Ingles). 135 (10): 3792–3795. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Lide, D. R., pat. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (ika-86th (na) edisyon). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 2011-03-03.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ English, Leo James (1977). "Tanso, kobre, tumbaga, copper". Tagalog-English Dictionary (sa wikang Ingles). Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. ISBN 9710810731.{{cite ensiklopedya}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Gaboy, Luciano L. Copper, tanso, kobre - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Copper" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 1969.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[Arblaster_2018-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[4] Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc (sa wikang Ingles). 135 (10): 3792–3795. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[5] Lide, D. R., pat. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (ika-86th (na) edisyon). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 2011-03-03.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[6] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[NUBASE2020-7] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[JETE-8] English, Leo James (1977). "Tanso, kobre, tumbaga, copper". Tagalog-English Dictionary (sa wikang Ingles). Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. ISBN 9710810731.{{cite ensiklopedya}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[Gaboy-9] Gaboy, Luciano L. Copper, tanso, kobre - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.

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