Boron

	beryllium ← boron → carbon
Kaanyuan
	black-brown;
Pangkalahatang Katangian
Pangalan, simbolo, bilang	boron, B, 5
Bigkas	/ˈbɔərɒn/
Kategorya ng elemento	metalloid
Pangkat, Piryud, Bloke	13, 2, p
Batayang atomikong bigat	10.81(1) g·mol−1
Kompigurasyon ng elektron	[He] 2s2 2p1
Mga Elektron kada talukab	2, 3 (Larawan)
Pisikal na Katangian
Anyo	solid
Densidad ng likido sa m.p.	2.08 g·cm−3
Punto ng pagkalusaw	2349 K, 2076 °C, 3769 °F
Punto ng pagkulo	4200 K, 3927 °C, 7101 °F
Init ng pagsasanib	50.2 kJ·mol−1
Init ng baporisasyon	480 kJ·mol−1
Espesipikong kapasidad sa init	(25 °C) 11.087 J·mol−1·K−1
Presyur ng tampuok
Katangiang Atomiko
Estadong oksidadyon	3, 2, 1; (mildly acidic oxide)
Elektronegatibidad	2.04 (Iskala ni Pauling)
Mga enerhiya sa pagbuo ng ion; (marami pa)	Una: 800.6 kJ·mol−1
	Ikalawa: 2427.1 kJ·mol−1
	Ikatlo: 3659.7 kJ·mol−1
Atomikong rayos	90 pm
Kobalenteng rayos	84±3 pm
Rayos Van der Waals	192 pm
Iba pa
Estruktura ng kristal	rhombohedral
Panunurang magnetiko	diamagnetic
Elektrikal na kasagwilan	(20 °C) ~106 Ω·m
Termal na konduktibidad	(300 K) 27.4 W·m−1·K−1
Termal na paglawak	(25 °C) (β form) 5–7 µm·m−1·K−1
Bilis ng tunog (thin rod)	(20 °C) 16,200 m/s
Katigasan ni Mohs	~9.5
Bilang rehistrasyon ng CAS	7440-42-8
Pinakatumatagal na isotopo
	Pangunahing artikulo: Mga isotopo ng boron
	*Boron-10 content may be as low as 19.1% and as; high as 20.3% in natural samples. Boron-11 is; the remainder in such cases.
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Ang boron (Kastila: boro, Ingles: boron, may sagisag na B, atomikong bilang na 5, atomikong bigat na 10.118, punto ng pagkatunaw na 2,300oC, nagkakaroon ng sublimasyon sa 2,550oC, may espesipikong grabidad na 2.34 (anyong kristalina), at balensiyang 3) ay isang hindi metalikong elemento na malambot at kakulay ng kape, at nasa anyong amorpus o kristalina. Nakukuha ang mga ito mula sa kerito at boraks. Naihiwalay ito nina Humphry Davy, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac at Louis Jacques Thénard^[6] noong 1808 sa pamamagitan ng reaksiyon ng asidong boriko at ng potasyo. Tinawag ito ni Davy bilang boracium.^[7] Nagagamit ang elementong ito para sa paggawa ng mga pampasibad na kemikal, sa mga pampailaw, panggasgas, at maging para sa aloy na matitigas.^[6]

Mga sanggunianBaguhin

↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170: 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Lide, David R. (ed.) (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. ISBN 0849304814.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
↑ Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Hinango noong 2008-09-21.
↑ Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Gaboy, Luciano L. Boron - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.
↑ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1933). "XII. Other Elements Isolated with the Aid of Potassium and Sodium: Beryllium, Boron, Silicon and Aluminum". The Discovery of the Elements. Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education. ISBN 0-7661-3872-0.

Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Agham ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.

[v1-1] Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170: 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[magnet-2] Lide, David R. (ed.) (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. ISBN 0849304814.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)

[3] Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[NISTic-4] 4.0 ^4.1 "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Hinango noong 2008-09-21.

[5] Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.

[Gaboy-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Gaboy, Luciano L. Boron - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.

[weeks-7] Weeks, Mary Elvira (1933). "XII. Other Elements Isolated with the Aid of Potassium and Sodium: Beryllium, Boron, Silicon and Aluminum". The Discovery of the Elements. Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education. ISBN 0-7661-3872-0.

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