Arseniko

(Idinirekta mula sa Arsenic)

Ang arseniko o arsenik (Kastila: arsenico, Ingles: arsenic) ay isang uri ng elementong kimikal at lasong metaliko. Mayroon itong atomikong bilang na 33, atomikong timbang na 74.992, balensiyang 3 o 5, at sagisag na As. Natutunaw ang abuhing arseniko sa temperaturang 817 °C (habang nasa 28 na presyong atmosperiko, sagisag atm), sumisingaw (sublima) sa temperaturang 613 °C, at may espesipikong grabidad na 5.73. Mayroon itong tatlong anyong alotropiko, na nasa anyong may kulay na dilaw, itim, at abuhing kristalina. Ginagamit ang arseniko bilang insektisidyo o pamatay ng pesteng mga kulisap, pamatay ng mapinsalang mga damo, at inihahalo rin sa mga aloy.[11]

Arsenic, 33As
Arsenic
Bigkas
Allotropeskulay-abo (pinakakaraniwan), dilaw, itim (tingnan ang mga alotropo ng arseniko)
Appearancemetallic grey
Standard atomic weight Ar°(As)
  • 74.921595±0.000006
  • 74.922±0.001 (pinaikli)[1][2]
Arsenic sa talahanayang peryodiko
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
P

As

Sb
germaniumarsenicselenium
Atomikong bilang (Z)33
Group15
Period4
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolido
Sublimation point887 K ​(615 °C, ​1137 °F)
Density (at 20° C)grey: 5.782 g/cm3[3]
when liquid (at m.p.)5.22 g/cm3
Triple point1090 K, ​3628 kPa[4]
Critical point1673 K, ? MPa
Heat of fusiongrey: 24.44 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization34.76 kJ/mol (?)
Molar heat capacity24.64 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 553 596 646 706 781 874
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0,[5] +1,[6] +2, +3, +4, +5 (isang katamtamang asidikong oksido)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.18
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 947.0 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1798 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2735 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 119 pm
Covalent radius119±4 pm
Van der Waals radius185 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Mga linyang espektral ng arsenic
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordiyal
Crystal structuregrey: ​rhombohedral (hR2)
Lattice constants
Rhombohedral crystal structure for grey: arsenic
ar = 413.15 pm
α = 54.133° pm ah = 375.99 pm
ch = 1054.58 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion5.6 µm/(m⋅K)[7] (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity50.2 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity333 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[8]
Molar magnetic susceptibility−5.5×10−6 cm3/mol[9]
Young's modulus8 GPa
Bulk modulus22 GPa
Mohs hardness3.5
Brinell hardness1440 MPa
CAS Number7440-38-2
History
DiscoveryArabic alchemists (before AD 815)
Isotopes of arsenic
Main isotopes[10] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
73As synth 80.3 d ε 73Ge
γ
74As synth 17.8 d ε 74Ge
β+ 74Ge
γ
β 74Se
75As 100% stable
Kategorya Kategorya: Arsenic
| references

Mga sanggunian

baguhin
  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Arsenic" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. 3.0 3.1 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. Gokcen, N. A (1989). "The As (arsenic) system". Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams. 10: 11–22. doi:10.1007/BF02882166.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. Abraham, Mariham Y.; Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; Shaefer III, Henry F.; Schleyer, P. von R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2010). "Carbene Stabilization of Diarsenic: From Hypervalency to Allotropy". Chemistry: A European Journal (sa wikang Ingles). 16 (2): 432–5. doi:10.1002/chem.200902840. PMID 19937872.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  6. Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2004). "Stabilized Arsenic(I) Iodide: A Ready Source of Arsenic Iodide Fragments and a Useful Reagent for the Generation of Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). 43 (19): 5981–6. doi:10.1021/ic049281s. PMID 15360247.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. Cverna, Fran (2002). ASM Ready Reference: Thermal properties of metals. ASM International. pp. 8–. ISBN 978-0-87170-768-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) pdf.
  8. Lide, David R., pat. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (ika-81 (na) edisyon). CRC press. ISBN 0849304814.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  9. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  10. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  11. Gaboy, Luciano L. Arsenic, arsenik, arseniko, simbolo As - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.