Padron:Infobox boron

Boron, 5B
boron (β-rhombohedral)[1]
Boron
Bigkas /ˈbɔːrɒn/ (BOR-on)
Allotropesα-, β-rhombohedral, β-tetragonal (at marami pa)
Appearanceblack-brown
Standard atomic weight Ar°(B)
  • [10.80610.821]
  • 10.81±0.02 (pinaikli)[2][3]
Boron sa talahanayang peryodiko
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
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B

Al
berylliumboroncarbon
Atomikong bilang (Z)5
Group13
Period2
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p1
Electrons per shell2, 3
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolido
Melting point2349 K ​(2076 °C, ​3769 °F)
Boiling point4200 K ​(3927 °C, ​7101 °F)
Density when liquid (at m.p.)2.08 g/cm3
Heat of fusion50.2 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization508 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity11.087 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2348 2562 2822 3141 3545 4072
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−5, −1, 0,[4] +1, +2, +3[5][6] (isang katamtamang asidikong oksido)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.04
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 800.6 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2427.1 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3659.7 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 90 pm
Covalent radius84±3 pm
Van der Waals radius192 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Mga linyang espektral ng boron
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordiyal
Crystal structurerhombohedral
Rhombohedral crystal structure for boron
Thermal expansionβ form: 5–7 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)[7]
Thermal conductivity27.4 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity~106 Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[8]
Molar magnetic susceptibility−6.7×10−6 cm3/mol[8]
Speed of sound thin rod16,200 m/s (at 20 °C)
Mohs hardness~9.5
CAS Number7440-42-8
History
DiscoveryJoseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard[9] (30 June 1808)
First isolationHumphry Davy[10] (9 July 1808)
Isotopes of boron
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
8B synth 771.9 ms β+ 8Be
10B 19.6% stable
11B 80.3% stable
Kategorya Kategorya: Boron
| references
B · Boron
Be ←

ibox Be

iso5 B  [e]
IB-B [e]
IBisos [e]
→ C

ibox C

indexes by PT (page)
child table, as reused in {IB-B}
Main isotopes of boron
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
8B synth 771.9 ms β+ 8Be
10B 19.6% stable
11B 80.3% stable
  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (demo)
Group (demo)
Period (demo)
Block (demo)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2021-12-24)
See also Kategorya:Infobox element data sets (0)

Talababa

  1. Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1
  2. "Standard Atomic Weights: Boron" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science (sa wikang Ingles). 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924. S2CID 206540959.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy (sa wikang Ingles). 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  6. Melanie Schroeder. Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden (PDF) (sa wikang Ingles). p. 139.
  7. Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (Oktubre 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  8. 8.0 8.1 Haynes, William M., pat. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ika-97th (na) edisyon). CRC Press. p. 4.127. ISBN 9781498754293.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  9. Gay Lussac, J.L.; Thenard, L.J. (1808). "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique". Annales de chimie. 68: 169–174.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  10. Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 39–104. doi:10.1098/rstl.1809.0005.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

Five of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

  • <ref name="v1" /> for the source Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF
  • <ref name="magnet" /> for the source from Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
  • <ref name="NISTic" /> for the source Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements
  • <ref name="Lussac" /> for the source by Gay-Lussac
  • <ref name="Davy" /> for the source by Davy