Berilyo

elementong kimikal, simbolong Be at atomikong bilang 4
(Idinirekta mula sa Beriliyo)

Ang berilyo (Ingles: beryllium; Espanyol: berilio) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong Be at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 4.

Beryllium, 4Be
Beryllium
Bigkas /bəˈrɪliəm/ (-RIL-ee-əm)
Appearancewhite-gray metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Be)
  • 9.0121831±0.0000005
  • 9.0122±0.0001 (pinaikli)[1][2]
Beryllium sa talahanayang peryodiko
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson


Be

Mg
lithiumberylliumboron
Atomikong bilang (Z)4
Group2
Period2
Block  s-block
Electron configuration[He] 2s2
Electrons per shell2, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolido
Melting point1560 K ​(1287 °C, ​2349 °F)
Boiling point2742 K ​(2469 °C, ​4476 °F)
Density (at 20° C)1.845 g/cm3[3]
when liquid (at m.p.)1.690 g/cm3
Critical point5205 K,  MPa (extrapolated)
Heat of fusion12.2 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization292 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity16.443 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1462 1608 1791 2023 2327 2742
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[4] +1,[5] +2 (isang anpoterong oksido)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.57
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 899.5 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1757.1 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 14,848.7 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 112 pm
Covalent radius96±3 pm
Van der Waals radius153 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Mga linyang espektral ng beryllium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordiyal
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for beryllium
a = 228.60 pm
c = 358.42 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion10.98×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3][a]
Thermal conductivity200 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity36 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility−9.0×10−6 cm3/mol[6]
Young's modulus287 GPa
Shear modulus132 GPa
Bulk modulus130 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod12,890 m/s (at r.t.)[7]
Poisson ratio0.032
Mohs hardness5.5
Vickers hardness1670 MPa
Brinell hardness590–1320 MPa
CAS Number7440-41-7
History
DiscoveryLouis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798)
First isolationFriedrich Wöhler & Antoine Bussy (1828)
Isotopes of beryllium
Main isotopes[8] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
7Be trace 53.22 d ε 7Li
8Be synth 81.9 as α 4He
9Be 100% stable
10Be trace 1.387×106 y β 10B
Kategorya Kategorya: Beryllium
| references

Isang elemento at metal na may katibayan sa init, korosyon, at kalawang. Natuklasan ito ni Louis Nicolas Vauquelin noong 1798. Ginagamit ang elementong ito para sa paggawa ng mga balangkas ng mga eruplano at ng mga sasakyang pangkalawakan, sa bila ng mga replektor sa nga reaktor na nukleyar. Kapag inihalo sa tanso, ginagamit ito bilang kontaktong elektrikal at ispring o muwelye. Kabilang sa mga katangian nito ang pagkakaroon ng atomikong bilang na 4, atomikong timbang na 9.0122, punto ng pagkatunaw na 1,278 °C, punto ng pagkulong 2,970 °C, espesipikong grabidad na 1.848, at balensya na 2.[9]

Mga sanggunian

baguhin
  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Beryllium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. Be(0) has been observed; see "Beryllium(0) Complex Found" (sa wikang Ingles). Chemistry Europe. 13 Hunyo 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. "Beryllium: Beryllium(I) Hydride compound data" (PDF) (sa wikang Ingles). bernath.uwaterloo.ca. Nakuha noong 2007-12-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  6. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. Haynes, William M., pat. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ika-92nd (na) edisyon). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 14.48. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  8. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  9. Gaboy, Luciano L. Beryllium, berilyum, berilyo - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.


Maling banggit (May <ref> tag na ang grupong "lower-alpha", pero walang nakitang <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag para rito); $2