Aluminyo
elementong kimikal, simbolong Al at atomikong bilang 13
(Idinirekta mula sa Aluminyum)
Ang aluminyo (Ingles: aluminum) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong Al at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 13.
Aluminium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Bigkas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alternative name | Aluminum (U.S., Canada) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearance | Silvery gray metallic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Al) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aluminium sa talahanayang peryodiko | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Atomikong bilang (Z) | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Period | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Block | p-block | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | solido | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Melting point | 933.47 K (660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 2743 K (2470 °C, 4478 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Density (at 20° C) | 2.699 g/cm3[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
when liquid (at m.p.) | 2.375 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 10.71 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 284 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 24.20 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | −2, −1, 0,[4] +1,[5] +2,[6] +3 (isang anpoterong oksido) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 143 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 121±4 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 184 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mga linyang espektral ng aluminium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordiyal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lattice constant | a = 404.93 pm (at 20 °C)[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal expansion | 22.87×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 237 W/(m⋅K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrical resistivity | 26.5 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[7] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molar magnetic susceptibility | +16.5×10−6 cm3/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Young's modulus | 70 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shear modulus | 26 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulk modulus | 76 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Speed of sound thin rod | (rolled) 5000 m/s (at r.t.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Poisson ratio | 0.35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mohs hardness | 2.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vickers hardness | 160–350 MPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brinell hardness | 160–550 MPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7429-90-5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Naming | from alumine, obsolete name for alumina | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prediction | Antoine Lavoisier (1782) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discovery | Hans Christian Ørsted (1824) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Named by | Humphry Davy (1812[a]) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isotopes of aluminium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(atomikong timbang = 26.98, punto ng pagkatunaw = 660.2 °C, punto ng pagkulo = 2,467 °C, ispesipikong grabidad = 2.69, V = 3, simbolo: Al, malaking A na sinundan ng maliit na L) ay isang metalikong elemento na maputi ang kulay at katulad ng pilak. Ito ang elementong itinuturing na pinakarami ang bilang sa balat ng lupa, bagaman natatagpuang nakalangkap sa iba pang mga elemento. Natuklasan ito ni Hans Christian Ørsted noong 1825. Ginagamit ito sa pag-gawa ng mga kasangkapang magagaan, hindi kalawangin, at matitibay o matitigas, katulad halimbawa ng sa kaldero at sa bubong ng bahay.[10]
Talababa
baguhin- ↑ Davy's 1812 written usage of the word aluminum was predated by other authors' usage of aluminium. However, Davy is often mentioned as the person who named the element; he was the first to coin a name for aluminium: he used alumium in 1808. Other authors did not accept that name, choosing aluminium instead. See below for more details.
Mga sanggunian
baguhin- ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Aluminium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2017.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Unstable carbonyl of Al(0) has been detected in reaction of Al2(CH3)6 with carbon monoxide; see Sanchez, Ramiro; Arrington, Caleb; Arrington Jr., C. A. (Disyembre 1, 1989). "Reaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in low-temperature matrixes". American Chemical Society (sa wikang Ingles). 111 (25): 9110-9111. doi:10.1021/ja00207a023.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition (sa wikang Ingles). 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ D. C. Tyte (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature (sa wikang Ingles). 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0. S2CID 4163250.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑
Lide, D. R. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds" (PDF). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ika-81st (na) edisyon). CRC Press. ISBN 0849304814.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Mougeot, X. (2019). "Towards high-precision calculation of electron capture decays". Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 154 (108884). doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108884.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Gaboy, Luciano L. Aluminum, aluminyo - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.